内蒙古大青山豹蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述采自内蒙古自治区大青山地区的狼蛛科Lycosidae豹蛛属Pardosa一新种:大青山豹蛛Pardosa daqing shanica sp.nov.     

中国豹蛛属枯藤豹蛛种组(蜘蛛目,狼蛛科)分类研究

记述了我国3种豹蛛,根据其外雌器和触肢器结构特点,应归入枯藤豹蛛Pardosa xerampelina种组.其中新种1种为蝶形豹蛛Parodsa papilionacasp.nov;另两种为我国新纪录种:草豹蛛P.herbosa Jo et Paik,1984及淡豹蛛P.indecora L.Koch,1879.编制了该种组我国分布种的检索表.模式标本及其他检视标本均保存在中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国狼蛛科娲蛛属(娲蛛亚科)分类地位的探讨

采用DNA测序方法,获得了中国狼蛛科Lycosidae4亚科6属26种mtDNA-16S rRNA基因的部分序列,比较来自北美狼蛛科豹蛛属2种豹蛛的同一基因序列,并选取漏斗蛛科1种蜘蛛作为外群,采用Bayesian方法和最大简约法(MP)构建分子系统树.两种建树方法均支持娲蛛属和豹蛛属形成一大的单系;这一结果与现行狼蛛科传统分类体系中娲蛛属的分类地位有差别.据此,作者认为:娲蛛属和豹蛛属可以归为同一个分类亚单位.狼蛛科6属间的分子系统关系为(Rirata(Hippasa(Trochsa Arctosa(Pardosa Wadicosa)))).     

中国豹蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

记述采自我国海南岛的豹蛛属Pardosa 1新种,针豹蛛P.aciculifera sp.nov.,新种以其独特的外雌器和触肢器而易与本属其它已知种区别。由于其外雌器和触肢器十分独特,目前暂不能将新种归入本属已划定的种组,模式标本存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

双齿豹蛛的重命名（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

屈蕾蕾、彭贤锦、尹长民2010年记述的中国豹蛛1新种一双齿豹蛛Pardosa bidentata Qu．Peng＆Yin,2010（Oriental Insect 44： 388, figs.1, 7）经Norman I．Platnick博士确认为Pardosa bidentata Franganillo,1936（Estudios de“Belen．”1936：76,fig．35）的异物同名。现将屈蕾蕾、彭贤锦、尹长民2010年命名的双齿豹蛛Pardesa bidentata Qu,Peng＆Yin,2010重新命名为拟柴氏豹蛛,新名Pardosa pseudochapini Peng,nom．nov。     

农田狼蛛亚群落结构的研究

本文对南宁市郊农田九种生境狼蛛亚群落结构进行了讨论。群落有7属37种狼蛛。文中揭示了农田各生境区间狼蛛亚群落的主要成分及其主要属性差异的原因。以狼蛛类群为指示动物,用群落相似性比例和聚类分析法,能较好地区分幼豹蛛(Pardosa pusiola)与奇异獾蛛(Trochosa ruricola)和拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)与拟水狼蛛(Pirata subpiraticus)是构成农田区旱地和水田生境型具有代表性的两个狼蛛亚群落主要成分。     

洱海周边拟环纹豹蛛和星豹蛛卵袋中寄生蜂种类及其寄主选择

结合野外调查及室内实验观察,对云南洱海周边地区的拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata(Boesenberg et Strand,1906)和星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera L.Koch,1878卵袋中寄生蜂种类及其寄主的选择性作了为期1年的调查研究.共发现了2种寄生蜂,即Idiolispa sp.和Idris sp.,两种寄生蜂均可不同程度地寄生在两种蜘蛛的卵袋里.Idiolispa sp.偏好寄生拟环纹豹蛛的卵袋,而Idris sp.则不具寄生偏好性,两种蜘蛛均是其适合的寄主.分析了Idiolispa sp.产生寄主选择偏好性的原因.     

星豹蛛在丘陵山地的活动规律初步研究

用陷阱法和目测法对丘陵区各个栖境的星豹蛛Pardosa astrigera C.L Koch(Lycosidae:Pardosa C.L.Koch)做了初步调查研究,结果表明,星豹蛛5月下旬前主要在边界、沟渠、碎石路和斜坡处活动,而苹果园中相对较少.当边界、沟渠和碎石路植被长高后,星豹蛛迁移至周围的苹果园中.6月下旬7月下旬苹果园中星豹蛛受高温影响数量下降明显;8月下9月其数量又有较大回升.研究还发现,10月中下旬星豹蛛在背阴地带出现的频率明显少于光照较好的地带;同期星豹蛛可能还有趋向干枯杂草的习性.     

四种杀虫剂对拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)肠黏膜通透性的影响

采用异硫氰酸荧光素-葡聚糖(FITC-D)作为示踪物质,通过检测拟环纹豹蛛(Pardosa pseudoannulata)血液内的荧光素浓度,研究了两种生物源杀虫剂和两种化学源杀虫剂对拟环纹豹蛛肠黏膜通透性的影响.结果表明:4种杀虫剂处理后拟环纹豹蛛血液中的荧光素浓度远高于对照组,各个处理组拟环纹豹蛛血液样本中的荧光素浓度均与对照组存在极显著差异,可见4种杀虫剂均将对拟环纹豹蛛肠黏膜的屏障功能造成损伤,导致大分子物质易于通过;其中1.5%除虫菊素水乳剂三保奇花和Bt制剂强杀处理后拟环纹豹蛛中肠黏膜的通透性高于仿烟碱类化学杀虫剂吡虫啉处理组,差异达到显著水平,但与有机磷杀虫剂敌百虫处理组差异不显著.拟环纹豹蛛的肠黏膜组织亦具有一定的抗逆能力,接受单次杀虫剂处理后,存活的拟环纹豹蛛其肠黏膜的屏障功能约在6～10d内可以恢复.     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因对中国狼蛛科(Lycosidae)系统发育研究

将自测的中国狼蛛科Lycosidae4亚科6属26种和从GenBank中检索到的北美2种豹蛛的mtD-NA-16S rRNA序列进行比较;以漏斗蛛科1种蜘蛛作为外群,对碱基序列的组成和遗传距离进行了分析,采用Bayesian方法和最大简约法(MP)构建分子系统树。研究结果表明:16SrRNA基因的部分序列为340bp到360bp,A T含量平均为75%,存在较强的A T含量偏向性;序列共有157个碱基存在变异,其中79个简约信息位点。狼蛛科各属间的遗传距离介于0.026￣0.200之间。2种建树方法均表明:科内的属及属内的种优先聚在一起;水狼蛛属相对马蛛属是狼蛛科中较为原始的类群,分化较早;獾蛛属作为1个单系群与熊蛛属合为1个并系,属于狼蛛亚科。狼蛛科6属间的分子系统关系为(Pirata(Hippasa(Trochsa Arctosa(Pardosa Wadicosa))))。     

Ontogenetic shifts in competitive interactions and intra-guild predation between two wolf spider species

Abstract. 1. The wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) Hogna helluo (Walckenaer) and Pardosa milvina Hentz co-occur in soybean fields of south-west Ohio, U.S.A. As adults, Hogna is the larger species and has the competitive advantage in most interactions; due to differing phenologies, however, their size-classes frequently overlap and as such there is potential for shifts in competitive ability and intra-guild predation. The hypothesis that competitive interactions and intra-guild predation will favour Pardosa when Pardosa is similar-sized, or has a size advantage over Hogna , was tested in laboratory and field experiments.
2. Studies in laboratory arenas, pairing similar-sized individuals of these species and Hogna spiderlings with larger spiders of both species, revealed that intra-guild predation seldom occurs with similar-sized Hogna and Pardosa , however Pardosa will consume small Hogna individuals in laboratory arenas.
3. Field experiments involved stocking high densities (50 m^{– 2} ) of Pardosa and Hogna in enclosures placed in soybean fields. In experiments with spiders of similar size, no interspecific effects were uncovered, but an intraspecific effect was found for Pardosa as its survival and weight gain were lower in the presence of more conspecifics. Large Hogna or Pardosa had no effect on the survival or weight gain of Hogna spiderlings.
4. Although Hogna is a better competitor as an adult, it has no advantage over Pardosa when their size-classes overlap, and Pardosa effects on Hogna may be inconsequential under field conditions. Therefore, the co-existence of these species is fostered by the fact that there are few negative interspecific interactions during their ontogeny.     

内蒙古豹蛛属二新种记述（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

本文记述蜘蛛目狼蛛科豹蛛属二新种,矛状豹蛛Ｐａｒｄｏｓａ ｓｉｂｉｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和莫尔豹蛛Ｐａｒｄｏｓａ ｍｏｒｄａｇｉｃａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。前者采自内蒙古赤峰市克什克腾旗,后者采自内蒙古呼伦贝尔盟莫尔道嗄。     

Two ecologically-divergent generalist predators have different responses to landscape fragmentation

We conducted three replicated field experiments to test the population response of two ecologically-divergent wolf spider species ( Hogna helluo and Pardosa milvina ) to three correlates of landscape fragmentation: area reduction, spatial subdivision, and increased edge to core ratio. We selected these two species because they differ in vagility and habitat selectivity. Hogna helluo is relatively large, averse to disturbed substrata, and has poor colonization abilities. Conversely, Pardosa is small, vagile, and will use barren, disturbed areas. In a test for the effect of area reduction on populations of the two wolf spiders, we destroyed 0%, 20% or 80% of randomly selected habitat islands in replicated experimental landscapes. We found that population densities of Hogna declined significantly, even at the lowest level of area reduction (20%), and that there was an increase in numbers of Pardosa . In a test for the response to an increase in landscape subdivision, we created four levels of habitat fragmentation in replicate plots. We found a significant decline in Hogna populations with increasing fragmentation. Pardosa populations did not respond to the fragmentation. In the third experiment we kept landscape area and subdivision constant, but manipulated the edge-to-core ratio. We found that populations of Hogna declined sharply with increasing edge, and that populations of Pardosa did not respond. These two syntopic wolf spiders have distinctly different responses to landscape fragmentation.     

星豹蛛不同地理种群COⅠ基因序列差异初步分析

星豹蛛广泛分布于我国南北各省的农田、果园、菜田及森林等生态系统中,是农林害虫的重要天敌。本文测定了采自山西临汾、运城、晋中和忻州4个地区的星豹蛛地理种群细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ(COⅠ)基因部分序列(932bp),并对此序列及从NCBI网站GenBank上下载的采自国内10个省市星豹蛛相应序列一并进行遗传多样性研究,分析了碱基组成和变异情况以及核苷酸序列差异,采用距离矩阵邻接法和最大简约法构建了不同的分子系统树,得到了相似的拓扑结构,从分子水平初步探讨了星豹蛛不同地理种群的遗传结构。结果表明,星豹蛛地理种群间的COⅠ序列同源性达98%～100%,显示出较大的遗传差异。序列比对后从供试14个COⅠ序列中共检测出41个变异位点和6个单倍型,系统发育分析结果表明种群间存在一定的遗传分化。综合分析,星豹蛛不同地理种群之间的遗传差异较大,遗传多样性水平较高,进一步从分子遗传学角度证明了星豹蛛成为我国广布种的原因。     

Tradeoffs involved in site selection and foraging in a wolf spider: effects of substrate structure and predation risk

Understanding how animals weigh habitat features, exposure to predators and access to resources is important to determining their life history and distribution across the landscape. For example, when predators accumulate in structurally complex habitats, they face an environment with different competitive interactions, foraging opportunities and predatory risks. The wolf spider Pardosa milvina inhabits the soil surface of highly disturbed habitats such as agricultural fields throughout eastern North America. Pardosa displays effective antipredator behavior in the presence of chemical cues produced by a larger coexisting wolf spider, Hogna helluo . We used those cues to simulate predation risk in laboratory and field experiments designed to test the effects of habitat substrate and predation risk on site selection and prey consumption of Pardosa . In general, Pardosa preferred more complex substrates over bare dirt but those preferences were eliminated or reversed when cues from Hogna were present. Feeding trials revealed that substrate alone had few effects on Pardosa prey consumption, which we measured by documenting the change in the abdomen width. Although the presence of Hogna cues reduced prey consumption overall in field feeding trials, the negative effect of predation risk on prey consumption was only observed in grass and bare dirt substrates in the laboratory. We also found that prey capture was negatively affected by habitat complexity for both spider species but that same complexity offered Pardosa protection from predation by Hogna. This study provides insight into how two predator species interact to balance site selection and feeding in order to avoid predation. Shifts in foraging and distributional patterns of predators can have profound implications for their role in the food web.     

喀喇昆仑和可可西里豹蛛记述（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述采自新疆喀喇昆仑和青海可可西里的狼蛛科豹蛛属１１种,其中７种为新种。     

棉田蜘蛛群落结构及优势种分析

通过棉田定点调查,初步鉴定陕西大荔棉田计有蜘蛛8科17种,其中主要成分依次为狼蛛、皿蛛、球蛛、蟹蛛,园蛛和肖蛸等;蜘蛛群落结构在棉花苗期和蕾铃期有明显不同;Shannon-wiener多样性指数,simpson优势度和均匀度等分析,棉花苗期物种多样性明显小于蕾铃期,优势种为丁纹豹蛛和草间小黑蛛;分析了丁纹豹蛛种群消长动态。