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1.
国产葱属合被组植物的核型及亲缘关系研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
本文对国产百合科葱属合被组(Sect.Caloscordum)的长梗韭(Allium neriniflorum Baker)和合被韭(A.tubiflorum Rendle)共6个居群进行了调查和栽培实验,在此基础上,从细胞学、形态解剖学等角度对各居群进行了研究,通过核型分析及形态比较认为:将合被组置于葱属中更合理。种的划分可根据核型中随体的类型、小花梗的长度、植物在一年的生长周期中是否有明显的二次生长现象为标准来划分。每室胚珠的多少只能反映出二倍体与四倍体的区别,不能作为分种指标。本文有关合被韭的核型研究的报道在国内尚属首次。  相似文献   

2.
葱属植物物种生物学研究:Ⅰ.葱属6种材料的核型研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
分析了葱属(Allium L.)5个种6个居群的细胞学特征。这些种是太白韭(A.prattii C.H.Wright apud Forb.et Hemsl.),该种包括两个居群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)。居群Ⅰ:K(2n)=2x=16=9m+1m(SAT)+4sm+2st,居群Ⅱ:K(2n)=2x=16=10m+5sm+1sm(SAT);天蒜(A.PaePalanthoides Airy-Shaw):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+3B;多叶韭(A.Plurifoliatum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+1B;合被韭(A.tubiflorum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=12m+2m(SAT)+2sm;峨眉韭(A.omeiense Z.Y.Zhu):K(2n)=2x=22=2m+18sm+2T(SAT)。所研究的6批材料均为二倍体,除合被韭的核型为“1A”型,蛾眉韭的核型为“3A”型外,其余4批材料的核型均为“2A”型。其中峨眉韭和多叶韭的染色体数目为首次报道,天蒜和多叶韭的细胞中首次发现B染色体,并对其相互关系进行了探讨。  相似文献   

3.
葱属根茎组8种植物的染色体数目和核型报道   总被引:8,自引:3,他引:8  
本文对国产葱属根茎组的8种植物进行了染色体研究,发现染色体数目2n=16或32,核型属2A或2B型,对称性较高。其染色体数目和核型分别为:Allium leucocephalum 2n(2x)=16=12m+2sm+2st(2SAT); A,strictum 2n(4x)=32=16m+4sm+12st;A.ramosum 2n(2x)=16=14m+2st(2SAT); A.bidentatum 2n(4x)=32=24m+4sm+4T;A.tenuissimum 2n(2x)=16=10m+4sm+2st(2SAT),A.anisopodium 2n(2x)=16=12m+2sm+2st(2SAT);A.anisopodium var.zimmermannianum 2n(4x)=32=24m+4sm+4st(4SAT); A.condensatum 2n(2x)=16=14m+2st(2SAT)。多数种的染色体资料为国内首次报道。  相似文献   

4.
5.
八种国产葱属植物染色体研究   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7  
本文对国产葱属Allium 8个种的14个居群的染色体进行了研究。其染色体基数均为x=8,其中7个居群为二倍体(2n=2x=16),6个居群为四倍体(2n=4x=32),1个居群为多倍体复合体(2n=4x=32,2n=6x=48,2n=8x=64和2n=9x=72)。并发现随体染色体十分活跃,在多倍体中其数目并不都与其倍性相对应,并有“串状随体”现象出现;在有些类群中其形态变异较大,而随体染色体杂合形式的多态现象也较普遍。本文重点讨论了随体染色体的数目、形态变异及杂合现象在葱属进化中的作用,认为随体染色体形态变异及杂合现象的出现是葱属中遗传变异的重要源泉之一。并对葱属中的染色体基数及种内多倍性问题进行了初步讨论。  相似文献   

6.
内蒙古野生葱属植物资源的开发利用与保护   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
内蒙古葱属植物分布较广、种类繁多,这类植物对人类有较高的利用价值.多年来人们对这类植物不合理的采集利用,导致了资源及相关植被的破坏.通过我们近几年的调查研究.找出了用种子繁殖扩大种植面积和合理利用的有效措施.既扩大了野生葱属植物的利用空间,又对野生葱属资源和天然植被起到了很好的保护作用.  相似文献   

7.
中国葱属单生组4种植物的核型研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对葱属单生组Allium sect.Haplostemon Boiss.的4种8个地方居群的核型进行了研究,其中3个种的核型属首次报道。研究结果表明:除在棱叶韭内同时具二倍体、三倍体和四倍体居群外,所研究的其余种的居群均为二倍体。以本研究为基础,结合国内外对该组已有的细胞学研究,得出以下结论:(1)单生组的染色体基数为8,在组内存在1A和2A两种核型类型;(2)组内随体染体类型丰富,在该组物种的生存适应方面可能起重要作用;(3)有些种(如薤白A.macrostemohn,棱叶韭A.caeruleum等)表明出现明显的种内核型分化,有的种甚至在外部形态上也有分化;(4)高度不育的三倍体(棱杏韭)和和五倍体(薤白)居群靠小鳞茎和珠芽进行无性繁殖,以此保持群的稳定和扩大。另外,从生境、繁育制度、多倍化以及这三者之间的关系等方面分析,认为 在单生组中不同的生境有利于诱发染色体的结构作数目变异。多倍化和兼性无融合生殖繁殖制度并存,则有利于克服染色色体变异所带来的育性降低这一繁育障碍,同时使居群中所发生的染色体变异得以保存,因此,多倍化和普性无融合生殖繁育制度并存是该组中多倍体类群进化的重要机制之一。  相似文献   

8.
对几种野生与栽培种葱属植物营养成分进行测定和比较分析,结果表明:几种葱属植物因种类和栽培方式不同,营养成分含量也不同。大蒜鳞茎的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量分别为733%、1583%,比其他野生和栽培种葱属植物高;韭菜嫩茎的维生素C含量最高,为2314%;棱叶蒜鳞茎的粗脂肪含量、游离氨基酸含量比其他野生与栽培种葱属植物高,分别为1583%、1616%。  相似文献   

9.
鸢尾属植物的引种栽培   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
从1962年开始,我们就对鸢尾属植物进行引种栽培实验,结果表明:鸢尾属植物多数种在西安地区自然条件下,能正常生长发育。鸢尾属植物具有花姿奇特,花色艳丽,花期甚长等优点,是绿化、美化、香化城市,装饰花坛、花径、花带、路旁及草坪的优良材料。本文对我园引种鸢尾属植物的形态特征、生物学与生态学特性、栽培技术及其在园林绿化中的利用意见进行了初步报道。  相似文献   

10.
以环地中海地区和北美葱属Allium的Amerallium亚属种类为外类群,基于36个形态学性状对葱属粗根组sect. Bromatorrhiza进行系统发育分析。简约分析获得的分支拓扑结构与分子系统学的研究结果相吻合,粗根组与环地中海地区的Amerallium亚属种类形成姐妹群关系,表明它们具有密切的亲缘关系。粗根组明显分为两支,粗根韭A. fasciculatum (x = 10,2胚珠)与染色体基数为11的种类(单胚珠)形成一支,另一支由染色体基数为7的大花韭A. macranthum与多星韭A. wallichii (2胚珠)组成,从而否定了粗根亚组subsect. Bromatorrhiza(粗根韭+大花韭+多星韭)的成立。综合已有研究结果,本研究认为粗根组内存在4个相对独立的演化支系,即多星韭及其变种、大花韭、粗根韭,以及染色体基数为11的种类(5种1变种),尽管前人建议的单胚珠亚组subsect. Uniovulatum是合理的,但没有必要在物种数量相对较少的粗根组下进一步细分。  相似文献   

11.
    
The present papar is a report on cytotaxonomical studies of Allium Sect. Caloscordum(Liliaceae)from China. Six populations of A. neriniflorum and A.tubiflorumwere introduced from Shaanxi,Hebei(Beijing),Liaoning and Heilongjiang.Based on the introduction and cultivated experiment, the authors made a karyotype analysis and a morphological comparison of the six populations. The results are as follows. Except the population 5 (Baihuashan,Beijing),which was found to be tetraploid 2n=4x=32,all the populations were dipliod 2n=2x=16. There were two types of satellites: terminal and intercalary. The basic number,the karyotypes as well as the types of satellites in Sect. Caloscordum were the same as those in the other sections of Allium.In the populations 1, 2, 3 and 4(Daheshan,Jinxia County,Liaoning;Taikang County, Heilongjiang; Chengde to Huaqing, Hebei; Liulimao, Huairou,Beijing.), the sixth pair of chromosomes had a pair of intercalary satellites,the mean length of pedicels is about 7 cm and the plant had no two-growth cycle.In the populations 6 (Xianyunei, Huashan, Shaanxi): the eighth chromosome pair had a pair of terminal satellites, the pedicel was shorter,with the mean length 2.39 cm,and the plant had two-growth cycle.In the tetraploid population 5; fourteenth and sixteenth chromosome pairs both had a pair of terminal satellites,the mean length of pedicel was 2.39 cm and the plant had the two-growth cycle.According to the results,the authors keep Sect. Caloscordum in the genus Allium and recognize two species in China in the section; the populations 1, 2, 3 and 4 belong to A.neriniflorum,and the populations 5 and 6 to A.tubiflorum.Our observation on dissecting ovary showed that there were 2~11 ovules per locule;the diploid populations mainly had 5 ~6 ovules per locule,while the tetraploid ones mainly had 4 ovules per locule.Therefore, the number of ovules per locule is not a reliable character for classifiction but it may be useful in distinguishing diploid from tetraploid.However,we consider that the satellite type,the pedicel length and whether the plant has two-growth cycle are the diagnostic features for the species of Sect.Caloscordum.  相似文献   

12.
葱属宽叶组植物细胞分类学研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
百合科Liliaceae葱属Allium的宽叶组Sect.Anguinum包括5种3变种。通过对该组的5种1变种的23个地方居群的研究,得出以下结果。(1)宽叶组植物的染色体基数为8,核型类型一致,为2A型,染色体类型以及不对称系数都很相似。核型特征的共性表明该组是一个自然的分类群。(2)虽然总体上组内的核型表现出较大的相似性,但在种间和种内各居群间也存在一定的差异。主要表现为:有的种内存在染色体的倍性变化;B染色体的有无以及数目和形态,在种内不同居群间存在变化;随体染色体上衔接随体的有无,在种间及种内都表现出多态性。(3)三倍体卵叶韭Allium ovalifolium高度不育,靠新产生的地下走茎进行无性繁殖,以此扩大居群。(4)根据善葱A.victorialis分布区广而地史相对古老的分布格局,推测它为本组的原始类群。它通过地理的(渐进的)物种形成方式,逐步演化形成现在的各个分类群。(5)根据该组植物的分布格局和演化过程,提出我国横断山区至秦岭一带为本组植物的现代分布中心和分化中心。  相似文献   

13.
    
The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of eightspecies of Sect. Rhiziridium in Allium (Liaceae). The materials were all collected from theirnatural populations in east Inner Mongolia, China. The karyotype analysis is made on thebasis of Li et al. (1985).The results are as follows (for chromosomes parameters, voucherspecimens and localities, see Table 1 and Plate 1--2 the idiograms of the eight species inFig. 1): (1) Auium leucocephalum Turcz. The somatic chromosome number and karyotype ofthis species is 2n=16=12m=2sm+2st (2SAT), in Stebbinsl(1971) kayotype classification, which belongs to 2A (Plate 1: 1; Fig. 1: 1). The range of chromosome relative lengthvaries between 8.90--15.55%. Two small satellites are attached to the short arms of the8th pair of chromosomes. (2) A. strictum Schrader has 2n (4x) =32=16m+4sm+12st,belonging to 2B (Plate 1: 2 & Fig. 1: 2). Satellites were not observed., and the range of chromosome relative length is between 3. 67-11.00%. (3) A. ramosum L. 2n=16=14m+2st (2SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 1: 3 & Fig. 1: 3), Two small satellies are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. The range of chromosome relative length is between 9.17-16.39%. The chromosome number and karyotype of this species are in accordancewith those reported by Li et al. (1982) with the material from Jinshan, Beijing. (4) A. bidentatum Fisch. ex Prokh. 2n (4x) =32=24m+4sm+4T, belonging to 2B (Plate 1: 4 & Fig. 1: 4). Satellites were not observed. A small median B-chromosome wasfound in root-tip cells of the population growing in sandy soil, and it is the first discovery (Plate 2: 9). The species has terminal chromosomes, which are seldom seen in Sect.Rhiziridium. The range of chromosome relative length is between 3.32—9.06%. (5) A.tenuissimu L. 2n=16= 10m+4sm+2st(2SAT), belonging to 2B(Plate 1:5 & Fig. 1:5).Two large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosome. The rangeof chromosome relative length is between 8.27--17.56%. (6)A. anisopodium Ledeb. 2n = 16 = l2m +2sm + 2st (2SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 2:7 & Fig. 1: 7). Two large satellites are attached to the short arms of the 8th pair of chromosomes. In somatic cells of someplants of this species, a small submedian B-chromosome was found (Plate 2: 10, 11). Therange of chromosome relative length is between 8.05-17.08 %. (7) A. anisopodium Ledeb.var. zimmermannianum (Gilg) Wang et Tang 2n (4x)=32=24m+4sm+4st( 4SAT), belonging to 2A (Plate 1: 6 & Fig. 1: 6). Four large satellites are attached to the short armsof the 15 and 16th pairs of chromosomes. The range of chromosome relative length is between 4.45--8.35%. This variety is similar to A. anisopodium Ledeb. in morphological characters, and their karyotype formulas are also very similar. The present authors consider thatthe variety is an allotetraploid derived from A. anisopodium Ledeb. (8) A. condensatum Turcz. 2n=16=14m+2st (2SAT), belonging to 2B (Plate 2:8 & Fig. 1:8). Two. smallsatellites are attached to the short arms of the 6th pair of chromosomes. In a few individualsof this species median (M) B-chromosome was discovered, and the number is stable (Plate2: 12). The range of chromosome relative length is between 7.64--17.07%. In short, the chromosome numbers of the species studied in the present work are foundto be 2n=16 or 32, and the karyotypes belong to 2A or 2B, highly symmetrical. The karyotypes of Chinese materials of these species are mostly reported for the first time. Threespecies have B-chromosomes.  相似文献   

14.
    
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15.
王臣  路芳  关旸  张贵一 《植物研究》2001,21(2):215-221,T001,T002,T003
报道东北蒿属艾组12种植物的染色体数及核型资料,结果如下:宽叶山蒿(Artemisia stolonifera (Maixm.)Komar.)2n=4x=36=28m 4sm(4SAT) 4st(4SAT);野艾蒿(A.lavandulaefolia DC)2n=2x=50=40m 4sm 6st(6SAT); 矮蒿(A.lancea Van.)2n=2x=16=10m 4sm 2st;蒙古蒿(A.mongolica (fisch.ex Bess.)Nakai]2n=2x=16=14m 2st;红足蒿(A.rubripes Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;歧茎蒿(A.igniaria Maixm.)2n=2x=34=28m 2sm 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿(A.integrifolia Linn.)2n=4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿(A.subula 4st(4SAT);柳叶蒿(A.integrifolia Linn.)2n=4x=36=20m 12sm 4st;线叶蒿(A.subulata Nakai)2n=2x=16=14m 2st;高岭蒿(A.brachyphylla Kitam.)2n=2x=18=14m 2sm 2st;林文稿[A.uiridissima(Komar.)Pamp.]2n=2x=18=14m 4sm;奄癌(A.keiskeana Miq.)2n=2x=18=16m 2sm;阴地蒿(A.sylvatica Maxim.)2n=2x=16=14m 2sm,核型对称性野艾蒿(A.lavandulaefolia)为2B型,其余均为2A型,依据核型资料对个别种的演化 分类进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

16.
The chromosome numbers of 5 tuberous sections of Chinese Dioscorea, including 23 species and varieties, are reported in the present paper as a continuation of the previous reports. They are all polyploids with the basic number x=10. On the basis of analysis of chromosome numbers of whole genus, the rhizomatous diploid species of Sect. Stenophora Uline are presumed to be primitive taxa, while the polyploids of chromosome numbers 40-142 are considered derived groups as a result of hybridization between their ancestral diploids followed by chromosome doubling. Sect. Lasiophyton Pr. et Burk., Sect. Opsophyton UIine, Sect. Shannicorea Pr. et Burk., Sect. Combilium Pr. et Burk. and Sect. EnantiophylIum Uline may be the advanced groups. The chromosomal evolution and geographical distribution suggest that the primitivediploid might have originated in Hengduan Mountains of Asia, an old highland.  相似文献   

17.
    
The first classification for the genus Ormosia was proposed by Bentham. It wasfollowed by Taubert (1892) in Engler and Prantl’s Nat. Pflanzenf., who divided the genusinto 2 sections. On the basis of the pod structure and seed characters Prain (1900) arranged the genus in 2 sections with 4 subsections. In the monograph on the genus Merrilland L. Chen ( 1943 ) limited their taxonomic study to Chinese and Indo-Chinese species, andrecognized 34 species and 15 series. Recently Yakovlev (1971-1976) has treated the genus in 6 separate genera. In the present paper the author recognizes 35 species, of which 7 species and 2 varieties are new. The Chinese species of the genus are grouped into 3 sections and 6 series inmy classification.  相似文献   

18.
 Phylogenetic analysis of ITS DNA sequences of various Old and New World Alliums suggests the reinclusion of Nectaroscordum and affirms the reestablishment of Caloscordum as subgenera of genus Allium. The results sanction the elimination of the Old World Allium species from subg. Amerallium Traub and endorse Wendelbo’s definition of subg. Molium (excluding sect. Porphyrason). Received: 29 July 1998 / Accepted: 13 August 1998  相似文献   

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