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本文在对金丝猴的三个种群作系统解剖的基础上,与其他灵长类以及金丝猴的三个种群之间进行了比较。结果表明:在金丝猴与其他灵长类进行比较的44个项目中,金丝猴特有者9项;与叶猴相同而与其他灵长类不同者4项;与疣猴类的共同特征9项;与叶猴、类人猿和人相似而为其他猴类所不具备的特征有5项;与类人猿和人相似而为叶猴和其他猴类所不具备的特征有17项。因此,我们认为金丝猴的地位在叶猴之上,是猴超科(Cercopithecoidea) 中最进化的一个属,在灵长类系统发育中处于猴类与猿类之间的中间地位。在金丝猴三个种群之间互异比较中,相互不同的特征均超过60％,似乎完全有理由把它分立为三个种。 相似文献
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甘肃省共有灵长类三种,即金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)、猕猴(Macaca mulatta)和短尾猴(M.arctoides)三种。其中数量最多,分布最广的是猕猴,主要分布在天水(党川)、徽县(太白、大河)、两当(云坪)、康县(太平)、武都(裕河)和文县(铁楼)。其次为金丝猴,分布于文县(丹堡、上丹堡、刘家坪、店坝、范坝)、武都(盘地、三仑、草河、枫相)和康县(三河坝)。短尾猴仅见于文县的碧口、店坝、范坝乡一带。产区集中于省东南部的秦岭山脉西延部分。植被垂直分布明显,海拔1000米以下以人工植被为主,除阳坡有部分常绿阔叶林外,主为农耕区,海拔1100—2… 相似文献
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灵长类胃的形态结构与食物有着密切关系,像其它哺乳动物一样,是对食物的选择性适应和历史发展的必然结果。一些猴类的胃的形态结构、发酵与营养需要等已有较详细的研究(Owen,1833—35,Sonntag,1921;Ayer,1948;Hill,1952;Kunn,1964和Siwek,1979等)。Chivers and Hladik(1980)用肠差异系数对48种哺乳动物180个个体的胃肠道形态结构与食物的关系作了较详细的讨论和评述。 相似文献
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笼养川金丝猴不同年龄阶段的发育特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
198 9～ 1998年间 ,对 46只不同年龄阶段的笼养川金丝猴 (Rhinopithecusroxellana)的外形、生理、行为等特征进行了比较。根据不同年龄阶段个体的综合特征 ,川金丝猴的发育期可划分为 5个年龄段 :婴幼阶段 ,少年阶段 ,青年阶段 ,亚成年阶段和成年阶段。观察发现 ,从出生到青年阶段 ,雌雄在体形大小和体重方面增长速度很接近。然而 ,从青年阶段开始 ,雄性的增长速度超过雌性。到了成年阶段 ,成年雄性的体重、坐高、尾长、头围、犬齿齿冠及被毛长度明显大于雌性 ,成年雌性的体重仅为成年雄性的 5 4% ,表现出显著的性二型性。雌性 3 6± 0 5 (n =5 )岁出现月经 ,其开始成功繁殖的年龄为 4～ 6岁 ;雄性 6 5 (n =4)岁出现射精行为 ,其开始成功繁殖年龄为 7～ 8岁。此外 ,对川金丝猴所特有的嘴角瘤的观察发现 ,雄性进入性发育年龄阶段后开始长出嘴角瘤 ;嘴角瘤大小随年龄增长而逐渐增大 ,直到性成熟。而雌性川金丝猴多无此结构或只有一个约绿豆大的痕迹。因此 ,嘴角瘤可以作为雄性川金丝猴性成熟的标志 ,是成年雄性川金丝猴的副性征。 相似文献
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Liu Ruilin 《人类学学报》1985,4(04):352
The gross features of the brain of three species of Snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti, R. roxellanwe and R. brelichi) distributing in China, were examined with particular reference to the fissural patterns of the cerebral cortex.<br>It was found that the brain of Rhinopithecus exhibits typical cereopithecids characteristics and the cerebrum especially exhibits the typical colobine sulcal pattern as follows:<br> (1) The course of the rectus sulcus is relatively straight and does not diverge much from the orbit while both the intraparietal and lunate sulci arched. (2) The paths of the Sylvian and superior tempotal sulci are relatively parallel. (3) Both the paroecipitalis and the superior branch of the lateral calcarine sulcus are present. (4) The fronto-orbitalis is infrequently present while occipitotemporal sulcus is not visible in lateral views.<br>In comparison with the other cercopithecids, the fissural pattern of Rhinopithecus is more complex than that of Presbytis, Macaca and many other genus of ceroopithecids. Thus the observations here in noted and the relevant comment made on them led to the inference that amon'g al the cercopithecids the snub-nosed monkey probably shows the highest cerebral development.<br>The cerebellum of Rhinopithecus is similar to those of other cercopithecids, but it has the lesser size of the folium and tuber when compared with Macaca and Presbytis. The brain-stem does not call for any special remarks. 相似文献
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Zhang Yaoping 《人类学学报》1986,5(02):191
The uterine cervix of R. bieti was studed maeroscopically and microscopically. The results were as follows:<br>The cervix of R. bieti was not strongly developed and was not clearly demarcated from the corpus uteri. The cervical canal was straight or slightly bent and was not found any colliculus in it. The cervical glands and crypts of the cervical mucosa were absent in the eetocervix and the midcervix; whereas, in endocervix, a few cervical glands and erypts were found. The cervical squamo-columnar junction was located near the external os. The zone of transition between the stratified squamous vaginal epithelium and the cervical columnar epithelium in this animal was not clear. This junetion between both epithelia, therefore, was absent. There were two types of epithelial cells in the cervix, ciliated and seeretory. The later was predominant and it contained a lot of granules whieh were periodie acid schiff positive material. The percentage of the secretory and ciliated cells varied within different sections of the cervix. Ciliated cells of cervical epithelium oceured in 7-25% (table 2. ) The cervical stroma consisted of muscular and fibrous elements. In general, the morphological structure of the uterine cervix in R. bieti was similar to that of Presbytis francoisi, but it differed from that of macaques. 相似文献
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Ma Yuanye;Cai Jingxia;Tian Yunfen 《人类学学报》1992,11(01):60
The brain asymmetries of tree shrews(Tutpaia belangeri chinensis), the slow loris (Ny-cticebus coucang), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), leaf-eating monkeys ( Presbytis ntellus),golden hairmonkeys (Rhinopith·cus roxellanae). ( Rhinopithecus bieti), and gibbons ( Hylobates hoolock) have been observed with anatomical, electrophysiological, and behav ioural methods. The results are shown below (N = the numbers of animals):<br>Anatomy: The brain sulci of six species of primates were measured, the length of Sylviansulcus of right cortex in slow loris was longer than that of left side. In the leaf -eating monkcys, the shape of arcuate sulcus was different between two sides of the brain. Most sulci ofthe parietal, occipital and temporal lobes were located more posteriorly in the rightcorticescompared to the left for rhesus monkeys, golden hair monkeys and gibbons.And in six ofnine rhesus' monkeys, the left fron1a] poles were more posteriorly than that of right sides. lngolden hair monkeys and gibbons, the shape of some sulci in left cortices were more complexthan that of right cortex and sone sulci in right sides were longer than that of left sides. In treeshrews, the weights of left cortices were greater than the right, while the volume did not differ. This may reflect cell density.<br>Electroplhysiology: The amplitule of visualevoked poten!ials(VEP) were higher in leftcorticcs than right in 70% of tree shrews. Using VEP method to measure the areas ofvisualcortex, no differcnce was found between the areas of left and right visual cortex. Duringatten-tive tasks in rhesus monkeys the right prefrontal cortices showed EEG of higher frequency andlower amplitude compared to the left. After lesion left sides of dorsal hippocampus, in treeslrews, the heart rate became lower than before, but were not, if lesions were done in the rightsides.<br>Behaviour: The hand preference of rhesus monkeys, leaf-eating monkeys, golden hair monkeys, and gibbons in picking up food was observed. With the exception of the rhesus,there was' right handed perference in males but not in females.<br>Conclusion: The results suggest that there dre braina syninetries' in nonhuman prinnatescven in tree shrews; these asymmetries are more clear for species that are higher on the evolutionary ladder. There is also a difference in male and female animals in hand preference. 相似文献
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Ralph L. Holloway 《American journal of physical anthropology》1972,37(2):173-185
The new SK 1585 endocast, found by Dr. Brain at Swartkrans, 1966, is that of a robust australopithecine, matching the endocast of the Olduvai Hominid 5 in volume, and being almost identical to it in morphology. Aside from Olduvai Hominid 5 it is the only robust australopithecine endocast complete enough to permit easy reconstruction, as only a small portion of the frontal lobe is missing. While the gyral and sulcal patterns are not clear, there are a number of features indicating that the brain is not that of a pongid, but that is has been reorganized to a hominid pattern, particularly the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes. 相似文献