慢病毒重组同源盒基因HOXA4表达载体的构建及其感染人脐带间充质干细胞的实验性研究

目的 构建携带同源基因HOXA4的慢病毒表达载体,并测定其对人脐带间充质干细胞的感染效率.方法 使用酶切及PCR技术从含有HOXA4基因的质粒克隆模版HOXA4-MSCV逆转录载体中获取目的 基因HOXA4,并将HOXA4基因重组到慢病毒载体表达质粒上Lenti-GFP-CTB,通过酶切、测序验证HOXA4基因后,将Lenti-GFP-HOXA4质粒、和辅助包装质粒pRsv-REV、pMDlg-pRRE、PMD2G共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞,获得携带HOXA4基因的重组慢病毒Lentiviral-HOXA4;然后感染人脐带间充质干细胞,通过荧光显微镜及流式细胞术检测其感染效率.结果 成功构建携带HOXA4基因的慢病毒表达载体Lentiviral-HOXA4,并获得高纯度的慢病毒浓缩液.经检测病毒滴度达2.11×108 TU/ml.成功转染HOXA4基因的脐带间充质干细胞表达绿色荧光蛋白,当病毒感染复数（MOI）值为60时转染效率最高,达（95.4±4.3）%.结论 成功构建携带人HOXA4基因的慢病毒,并可以在体外有效转染人脐带间充质干细胞.     

可诱导慢病毒载体的优化策略及应用

以1型人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)为基础构建的慢病毒载体具有可感染非分裂细胞、免疫反应小、携带的基因片段容量大和可整合进宿主基因组而长期表达等优点,因而成为最理想的基因转移载体之一。可诱导慢病毒载体介导的可诱导基因表达系统能够有效控制目的基因表达,扩大了慢病毒载体的临床应用潜能,成为很有前景的基因治疗载体。主要介绍带有四环素和其他几种诱导系统的可调控性慢病毒载体及其改进,以及可诱导慢病毒载体在RNA干扰中的应用。     

OTX1基因慢病毒载体的构建及过表达研究

OTX1基因是神经发育调控中关键转录因子之一。本实验构建表达OTX1基因慢病毒载体,探讨慢病毒介导OTX1基因体外过表达的可行性。将OTX1基因克隆到慢病毒穿梭质粒DUET101内,构建表达OTX1以及GFP－OTX1基因的慢病毒载体;将pDUET－OTX1、pDUET－GFP－OTX1及pDUET101（空载体对照）质粒分别与慢病毒包装质粒pCMV R8.91、pMD.G共同转染人胚胎肾上皮细胞系293T细胞,获得携带OTX1基因、GFP－OTX1基因的重组慢病毒DUET－OTX1、DUET－GFP－OTX1以及仅携带GFP基因的DUET－GFP;用重组慢病毒分别转导293T细胞、SY5Y细胞、小鼠胚胎干细胞及大鼠胚胎15天皮层神经干细胞,证实慢病毒载体能够将外源基因转导入不同细胞,且转导的OTX1或GFP－OTX1在不同细胞中均仅在细胞核内表达;培养OTX1单克隆抗体细胞,浓缩抗体上清,通过Western Blot以及细胞免疫荧光法证实慢病毒介导的OTX1基因及GFP－OTX1基因转导入293T细胞后的过表达。本实验证实慢病毒载体是高效的基因转移载体;OTX1作为发育过程中至关重要的转录因子,经过重组慢病毒体外转导后均只在细胞核内表达。     

端粒酶shRNA慢病毒载体的构建及转染人类胚胎干细胞

目的：构建端粒酶shRNA慢病毒载体及建立端粒酶稳定干扰的人类胚胎干细胞系。方法：将端粒酶基因特异性shRNA靶序列与慢病毒载体PLKO.1-puro连接、转化、挑取阳性克隆进行PCR及测序鉴定;利用包装细胞293T获得重组的慢病毒,感染人类胚胎干细胞,分为干扰组ShTert、载体组vector和野生型组wt;Realtime-PCR检测端粒酶mRNA的表达。结果：经PCR和DNA测序鉴定,成功构建端粒酶特异性shRNA慢病毒载体,并感染人类胚胎干细胞;经检测shTert组端粒酶mRNA表达较vector和wt组明显降低,vector组和wt组之间无明显差异。结论：通过成功构建的端粒酶特异性shRNA慢病毒载体对人类胚胎干细胞的转染实现了对其端粒酶mRNA的调控。     

端粒酶shRNA 慢病毒载体的构建及转染人类胚胎干细胞

目的:构建端粒酶shRNA慢病毒载体及建立端粒酶稳定干扰的人类胚胎干细胞系。方法:将端粒酶基因特异性shRNA靶序列与慢病毒载体PLKO.1-puro连接、转化、挑取阳性克隆进行PCR及测序鉴定;利用包装细胞293T获得重组的慢病毒,感染人类胚胎干细胞,分为干扰组ShTert、载体组vector和野生型组wt;Realtime-PCR检测端粒酶mRNA的表达。结果:经PCR和DNA测序鉴定,成功构建端粒酶特异性shRNA慢病毒载体,并感染人类胚胎干细胞;经检测shTert组端粒酶mRNA表达较vector和wt组明显降低,vector组和wt组之间无明显差异。结论:通过成功构建的端粒酶特异性shRNA慢病毒载体对人类胚胎干细胞的转染实现了对其端粒酶mRNA的调控。     

腺病毒载体与慢病毒载体感染骨髓间充质干细胞的比较

随着基因治疗的发展,建立高效稳定表达目的基因的载体和靶细胞成为目前研究的热点.骨髓间充质干细胞具有自我复制,高度的增殖能力,多向或定向分化的潜能等优势,是细胞和基因工程中的理想靶细胞.而腺病毒载体和慢病毒载体作为基因载体均能将目的基因导入宿主细胞,因此对腺病毒载体和慢病毒载体的结构、分类、优缺点以及感染骨髓间充质干细胞的转染效率等方面做简要的分析.     

大鼠Bdnf基因慢病毒载体的构建及其在骨髓间质干细胞中的表达

骨髓间质干细胞(MSCs)是目前基因工程正在探讨应用的靶细胞,为构建带有脑源性神经营养因子(Bdnf)基因慢病毒载体并使其在大鼠骨髓间质干细胞中表达,采用RT-PCR技术获得大鼠Bdnf基因编码区(CDS)片段,限制性内切酶酶切和基因重组构建慢病毒载体质粒PNL-BDNF-IRES2-EGFP,在脂质体介导下与包装质粒HELPER,包膜质粒VSVG共转染293T细胞包装生产慢病毒。所获慢病毒感染大鼠MSCs(rMSCs)后,PCR和免疫细胞化学法检测在rMSCs中Bdnf基因的插入和表达。结果显示所获的Bdnf基因经测序后与GenBank报道序列完全一致。重组慢病毒载体质粒PNL-BDNF-IRES2-EGFP经鉴定正确。三质粒共转染293T细胞成功,收集、浓缩病毒后测定其滴度为6.7×10~7TU/mL,PCR证实Bdnf基因插入病毒基因组。感染rMSCs后RT-PCR、免疫细胞化学染色及Western检测各组细胞均有BDNF蛋白表达,其中试验组BDNF-rMSCs更大量表达BDNF,与其余2组(Mock-rMSCs、rMSCs)比较差异具有统计学意义。构建带有Bdnf基因慢病毒载体并在大鼠骨髓间质干细胞中成功表达,为今后基因修饰干细胞的移植后长期观察研究奠定了基础。     

建立携带左旋天门冬酰胺酶的红细胞特异性表达系统

目的:建立基因修饰红细胞输送左旋天门冬酰胺酶(L-ASNase)的体系。方法:采用2A联体技术将L-ASNase和红色单体荧光蛋白基因分别置于红细胞特异性基因调控元件或非组织特异性短延长因子1α启动子控制下,构建慢病毒载体,分别包装成组织特异性重组慢病毒或非组织特异性重组慢病毒,测定病毒滴度,并分别感染靶细胞,用六氧苄基鸟嘌呤/卡莫司汀联合筛选以富集感染的小鼠红白血病阳性细胞;用六亚甲基二乙酰胺诱导富集的阳性细胞向红细胞分化,流式细胞术检测红色单体荧光蛋白报告基因的表达,荧光显微术观察基因表达产物在细胞中的定位,免疫印迹分析L-ASNase的表达水平,评估在红细胞分化过程中组织特异性重组慢病毒的表达优势。结果:经限制性内切酶谱分析和序列测定,构建的重组慢病毒载体结构正确;免疫荧光结果显示在非组织特异性慢病毒感染的HeLa细胞中,L-ASNase主要表达在细胞质,单体红色荧光蛋白主要表达在细胞核内,提示2A序列通过自裂解使同一读框中的2个基因获得了表达;用50μmol/L六氧苄基鸟嘌呤-50μmol/L卡莫司汀联合筛选,可有效富集感染的小鼠红白血病阳性细胞;经六亚甲基二乙酰胺诱导,第7 d的MEL细胞中表达的重组L-ASNase浓度达0.3 U/mg总蛋白。结论:红细胞特异性慢病毒载体可以在小鼠红白血病细胞向红细胞分化过程中使携带基因的表达逐步增高,优于非组织特异性慢病毒载体。本研究为基因修饰造血干细胞、并通过体外细胞分化的方法大量产生携带L-ASNase的红细胞治疗恶性血液病奠定了临床前的实验基础。     

大鼠Bdnf基因慢病毒载体的构建及其在骨髓间质干细胞中的表达

骨髓间质干细胞（MSCs）是目前基因工程正在探讨应用的靶细胞,为构建带有脑源性神经营养因子（Bdnf）基因慢病毒载体并使其在大鼠骨髓间质干细胞中表达,采用RT-PCR技术获得大鼠Bdnf基因编码区（CDS）片段,限制性内切酶酶切和基因重组构建慢病毒载体质粒PNL-BDNF-IRES₂-EGFP,在脂质体介导下与包装质粒HELPER,包膜质粒VSVG共转染293T细胞包装生产慢病毒。所获慢病毒感染大鼠MSCs（rMSCs）后,PCR和免疫细胞化学法检测在rMSCs中Bdnf基因的插入和表达。结果显示所获的Bdnf基因经测序后与GenBank报道序列完全一致。重组慢病毒载体质粒PNL-BDNF-IRES2-EGFP经鉴定正确。三质粒共转染293T细胞成功,收集、浓缩病毒后测定其滴度为6.7×10⁷TU/mL, PCR证实Bdnf基因插入病毒基因组。感染rMSCs后RT-PCR、免疫细胞化学染色及Western检测各组细胞均有BDNF蛋白表达,其中试验组BDNF-rMSCs更大量表达BDNF,与其余2组(Mock-rMSCs、rMSCs)比较差异具有统计学意义。构建带有Bdnf基因慢病毒载体并在大鼠骨髓间质干细胞中成功表达,为今后基因修饰干细胞的移植后长期观察研究奠定了基础。     

Long-term expression of the human glucocerebrosidase gene in vivo after transplantation of bone-marrow-derived cells transformed with a lentivirus vector

BACKGROUND: Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GC). Recently, lentivirus vectors have been developed for efficient gene transfer into hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). A recombinant lentivirus vector was used to evaluate the transduction of the human GC gene into murine bone-marrow-derived HSCs and its expression in their progeny. METHODS: Murine HSCs were transduced with lentivirus vector (lenti-EF-GC; MOI = 10-100). We transplanted female wild-type C57BL/6J mice with genetically modified male HSCs via the tail vein. RESULTS: We show that intravenous transplantation of transduced HSCs has therapeutic potential. Enzyme activity was increased two- to three-fold in various tissues, especially in the hematopoietic system. Numerous transplanted HSCs survived for 6 months and were shown by PCR to contain the provirus genes; the Y chromosome was identified by FISH analysis in the cells of female mouse recipients. CONCLUSIONS: The recombinant lentiviral vector transduces HSCs that are capable of long-term gene expression in vivo. This approach is potentially useful for the treatment of patents with Gaucher disease and other lysosomal storage disorders.     

Expression and secretion of human glucocerebrosidase mediated by recombinant lentivirus vectors in vitro and in vivo: implications for gene therapy of Gaucher disease

Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GC). In this study, we showed that vascular and hepatic delivery of a HIV-1-based lentivirus vector encoding human GC cDNA produced therapeutic levels of GC protein. A high level of expression of GC was produced in cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with Gaucher disease by transducing the cells with recombinant lentivirus vectors. GC secreted by transduced fibroblasts was taken up by adjacent GC-deficient cells by endocytosis. Intraportal administration of lenti-EF-GC viral vector resulted in efficient transduction and expression of the GC. Vascular delivery of vector resulted in high levels of GC expression in mice that persisted in most organs over the four months. No significant abnormalities were found attributable to recombinant lentivirus vectors in any of the tissues examined. This study represents an initial step toward gene transfer using recombinant lentivirus vectors for treatment of Gaucher disease.     

Highly efficient and sustained gene transfer in adult neurons with a lentivirus vector.

The identification of monogenic and complex genes responsible for neurological disorders requires new approaches for delivering therapeutic protein genes to significant numbers of cells in the central nervous system. A lentivirus-based vector capable of infecting dividing and quiescent cells was investigated in vivo by injecting highly concentrated viral vector stock into the striatum and hippocampus of adult rats. Control brains were injected with a Moloney murine leukemia virus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated virus vector. The volumes of the areas containing transduced cells and the transduced-cell densities were stereologically determined to provide a basis for comparison among different viral vectors and variants of the viral vector stocks. The efficiency of infection by the lentivirus vector was improved by deoxynucleoside triphosphate pretreatment of the vector and was reduced following mutation of integrase and the Vpr-matrix protein complex involved in the nuclear translocation of the preintegration complex. The lentivirus vector system was able to efficiently and stably infect quiescent cells in the primary injection site with transgene expression for over 6 months. Triple labeling showed that 88.7% of striatal cells transduced by the lentivirus vector were terminally differentiated neurons.     

copGFP和PuroR双标记基因慢病毒融合表达载体的构建及应用*

目的: 构建具有绿色荧光蛋白(copGFP)和嘌呤霉素抗性基因(PuroR)融合表达双筛选标记的慢病毒过表达载体,检测其嘌呤霉素抗性和绿色荧光蛋白表达的特性。方法: 从pCDH-CMV-MCS-copGFP载体中扩增copGFP编码区DNA序列,从pLKO.1载体中扩增Puro^R编码区DNA序列,运用重组PCR方法,扩增copGFP与Puro^R基因融合编码序列并克隆至经BamH Ⅰ+Sal Ⅰ双酶切的pCDH-CMV-MCS-copGFP载体片段中,构建含copGFP和Puro^R融合表达双筛选标记的慢病毒过表达载体;载体的融合标签序列进行测序确证;将该载体用辅助包装质粒PLP1、PLP2、VSVG在293T细胞中包装成慢病毒后感染肝癌细胞MHCC97H,检测感染细胞对嘌呤霉素的抵抗作用以及绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况;为验证该载体表达外源目的基因的有效性,将Sp1编码区DNA序列插入该载体中包装成慢病毒,用对照及表达Sp1的慢病毒感染肝癌细胞MHCC97H,感染细胞经1 mg/ml嘌呤霉素筛选7 d后获得稳定感染细胞株,提取稳定感染细胞的总RNA及总蛋白,分别运用RT-qPCR和Western blot方法检测Sp1在对照及表达Sp1的慢病毒感染的肝癌MHCC97H细胞中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平的差异。结果: 成功构建含copGFP和Puro^R融合表达双筛选标记的慢病毒过表达载体;该载体与辅助质粒包装出的慢病毒感染肝癌细胞后,感染细胞同时具有嘌呤霉素抗性和表达绿色荧光蛋白特性;将Sp1编码序列插入该载体,包装慢病毒并肝癌细胞,Sp1 的mRNA水平对照细胞相比分别升高3.3倍,蛋白水平升高2.2倍(P＜0.01)。 结论: 成功构建含copGFP和Puro^R融合表达双筛选标记的慢病毒过表达载体,该载体编码的融合双标记基因具有嘌呤霉素抗性和绿色荧光蛋白表达的特性,可高水平表达长片段的目的基因。     

慢病毒介导雌激素受体β在乳腺癌细胞中的高表达抑制上皮细胞间质转化相关基因的表达

目的：建立稳定高表达雌激素受体β（ERβ）蛋白表达的乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞株,检测其对上皮细胞间质转化（EMT）相关基因的影响。方法：将编码人ERβ的cDNA序列插入慢病毒表达载体pCDH-EF1-MCS-T2A-Puro,将其与慢病毒包装辅助质粒共转染293T细胞后收集病毒上清,感染乳腺癌ZR75-1细胞,经嘌呤霉素筛选后获得稳定高表达含Myc标签的人ERβ的混合细胞集落,以及作为对照组整合有对照慢病毒载体pCDH-EF1-MCS-T2A-Puro的混合细胞集落,提取细胞蛋白,用Myc抗体检测Myc-ERβ融合蛋白的表达,同时检测EMT相关基因Snail、E-Cadherin、N-Cadherin的表达水平和GSK-3β的磷酸化水平。结果：建立了稳定高表达Myc-ERβ融合蛋白的乳腺癌细胞株,和对照组相比,Myc-ERβ高表达抑制EMT相关蛋白N-cadherin和Snail的表达,增强E-cadherin分子的表达,抑制GSK-3β磷酸化水平。结论：建立了Myc-ERβ高表达的乳腺癌细胞株,发现ERβ高表达抑制EMT相关分子的表达,为深入研究ERβ分子在乳腺癌中调控EMT的机制奠定了基础。     

基于慢病毒系统的双荧光标记多功能自噬流监测系统建立与应用

目的:构建能够用于稳定动态监测细胞自噬流变化和过表达基因的红色荧光蛋白-绿色荧光蛋白-鼠源LC3融合慢病毒多功能表达载体(PCDH-Duo-mRFP-eGFP_(ph)-LC3_(rat),PCDH-Duo),并构建小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞Raw264. 7稳转株观察自噬流变化。方法:应用基于PCR精确合成mRFP-eGFP_(ph)-LC3_(rat)融合全基因,将其克隆至慢病毒表达载体PCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1a-GFP中,重组质粒经菌落PCR、酶切及测序分析正确无误后,包装慢病毒,转染Raw264. 7细胞,并利用流式分选术获取稳转株,经氯喹抑制自噬模型及Western blot鉴定eGFP蛋白表达确认其可靠性。结果:成功构建了PCDH-Duo重组慢病毒质粒,包被慢病毒并获得Raw264. 7稳定细胞系(Raw264. 7-PCDHDuo),可稳定表达双荧光蛋白,经3mmol/L氯喹作用6h后,能够稳定准确指示自噬流变化。结论:成功构建了基于慢病毒系统的双荧光标记多功能自噬流监测系统,为研究细胞自噬与编码基因及非编码基因之间的关系提供了方便有力的工具。     

基于人免疫缺陷病毒-1的慢病毒载体系统研究进展

慢病毒能够感染分裂细胞和非分裂细胞,因而被发展成为重要的转基因载体。慢病毒载体已经发展到了第三代,其安全性已经大为提高。经过结构优化的慢病毒载体已经用于转基因动物生产和基因治疗研究,而稳定包装细胞系的建立使得慢病毒的生产更为简便。     

Lentivirus vector-mediated hematopoietic stem cell gene transfer of common gamma-chain cytokine receptor in rhesus macaques

Nonhuman primate model systems of autologous CD34+ cell transplant are the most effective means to assess the safety and capabilities of lentivirus vectors. Toward this end, we tested the efficiency of marking, gene expression, and transplant of bone marrow and peripheral blood CD34+ cells using a self-inactivating lentivirus vector (CS-Rh-MLV-E) bearing an internal murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat derived from a murine retrovirus adapted to replicate in rhesus macaques. In vitro cytokine stimulation was not required to achieve efficient transduction of CD34+ cells resulting in marking and gene expression of the reporter gene encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) following transplant of the CD34+ cells. Monkeys transplanted with mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells resulted in EGFP expression in 1 to 10% of multilineage peripheral blood cells, including red blood cells and platelets, stable for 15 months to date. The relative level of gene expression utilizing this vector is 2- to 10-fold greater than that utilizing a non-self-inactivating lentivirus vector bearing the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter. In contrast, in animals transplanted with autologous bone marrow CD34+ cells, multilineage EGFP expression was evident initially but diminished over time. We further tested our lentivirus vector system by demonstrating gene transfer of the human common gamma-chain cytokine receptor gene (gamma(c)), deficient in X-linked SCID patients and recently successfully used to treat disease. Marking was 0.42 and.001 HIV-1 vector DNA copy per 100 cells in two animals. To date, all EGFP- and gamma(c)-transplanted animals are healthy. This system may prove useful for expression of therapeutic genes in human hematopoietic cells.