恙螨酯酶同工酶的比较研究

本实验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板型电泳法分析了五种恙螨成虫及微红纤恙螨各虫期酯酶同工酶的变化.在酶谱上,五种恙螨成虫均有区别,酶带数和酶活性强弱均有不同,其差异的大小符合它们现有的种属关系的远近,即与它们所处的分类地位相符.因此在以幼虫为主的恙螨分类中,成虫的同工酶分析可起到辅助和补充的作用.在微红纤恙螨各虫期的酶谱中亦存在差异,酶带数的趋势是从卵至成虫由少渐多.此结果表明酯酶同工酶与个体发育过程中的体内变化有关,可成为指示恙螨个体发育过程中的生化指标之一.     

昆明西山纤恙螨一新种：真螨目：恙螨科

1958年在昆明西山采得1种恙螨,经鉴定系1新种,定名为昆西纤恙螨,标本保存在昆明军事医学研究所。昆西纤恙螨Leptotrombidlum(L.)kunxi Xiang et Wen,新种(图1-6) 标本:正模、幼虫,昆明西山,海拔2110m,1958-Ⅸ-26,向容炯、陈祖武采,宿主为普通树鼩中华亚种Tupaia glis chinenis,寄生在肛门周围。 鉴别:本新种与纤恙螨属的Leptotrombidium(L.)pesudofulmentum V.-G.et     

江西省纤恙螨属二新种（蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科）

本文报道采自江西省武功山和庐山地区的纤恙螨属二新种:武功纤恙螨Lepfotrombidium (L.)wugongensis和庐山纤恙螨Leptotrombidium(L.)lushaneusis,并对该新种的形态特征作了详细描述,与近似种湖北纤恙螨 Leptatrombidium(L.)hupeca(Ma et Hsu)1965和曲靖纤恙螨Leptotrombidium(L.)quiingensis(Yu et al.)1981进行了分析比较。     

恙螨杂交的研究

本文报道了在实验室内对微红纤恙螨和地里纤恙螨进行杂交试验,再次征明这两种恙螨不容易杂交,偶然条交后其繁殖率与成活率比纯种配对的低得多.从F₁繁殖至F₂更困难,而且F₂的成活率更低,说明两者有生殖隔离现象.杂交子代的背板测量数据和幼虫体色出现中间类型,少数个体出现畸形和背毛变异等.以上异常现象在实验室纯种繁殖多代中极少见到.这一切为研究恙螨的种型和正确对待庞大的纤恙螨亚属中幼虫的分类具有重要意义.     

龙洞东洋恙螨新种描述及其生活史观察(蜱螨目:恙螨科)

从广州郊区黄毛鼠与黄胸鼠检获的一种恙螨经过实验室培育获得生活史各期.经比较观察两代幼虫的形态,认为是一种未曾描述的种类,定名为龙洞东洋恙螨新种(Dongyangsha longdongensis sp.nov.)     

纤恙螨属恙螨一新种：蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科

从采自新疆博乐县阿拉山口(海拔290 m)室内灰仓鼠伏龙芝亚种 Cricetulus migratorius caesius耳壳内的一批纤恙螨标本鉴定中发现中国新记录亚属——爱柯纤恙螨亚属 Ericotrombidium中的一个新种,定名为博乐纤恙螨 Leptotrombidium (E.) bolei sp.nov.,它与美丽纤恙螨L.(E.)pulchrum(Sosnina,1950)及索氏纤恙螨L.(E.)sokolovi Kudryshova,1984比较近似,但本新种IP及盾板量度除 AM外均较大,PW-SB≥PL,可与前者区别;IP较小,平均787,幅度763—821,DS较少,排列规则:2+8.6.6.4.2=28,可与后者区别。     

纤恙螨属一新种：真螨目：恙螨科

本文报道1983年采自吉林省和龙县棕背(鼠平) Clethrionomys rufocanus 体上的一种新恙螨,棕(鼠平)纤恙螨 Leptotrombidium rufoconum sp.nov,模式标本分别存放福建医学院寄生虫学教研室和沈阳军区后勤部军事医学研究所。     

辽宁省恙螨生态地理分布

辽宁省已知恙螨25种,分属于2科3亚科10属。本文依据四个不同地理景观区内恙螨的优势种、常见种和罕见种,对其生态地理分布作了讨论。(1)辽东山地及半岛丘陵区：有恙螨22种。其中东方纤恙螨为优势种;姬鼠纤恙螨、仓纤恙螨、林姬纤恙螨、皆貌纤恙螨、塔米新恙螨、鸡新棒恙螨等为罕见种.(2)辽河平原区：有恙螨8种。优势种为须纤恙螨;辽姬纤恙螨为罕见种。(3)辽西低山丘陵区：有恙螨8种。其中高丽新恙螨为优势种;凹邃合轮恙螨、膜嗜翼手恙螨等为罕见种。(4)黄土丘陵台地干草原区：有恙螨2种,均为常见种,其中脆弱无前恙螨数量较多。     

宁夏一新属恙螨(蜱螨亚纲:恙螨科)

1986年从宁夏回族自治区来到一种稀有的恙螨幼虫,系恙螨科(Trombiculidae)恙螨亚科(Trombiculinae)恙螨族(Trombiculini)中的一新属新种。 柳氏恙螨属Liuella新属 恙螨族幼虫鬚肢毛式fp=B-B-BNB/4B.S。眼2对较大。盾板宽盾形,无前侧肩,后缘中央具明显的乳状突起。后侧毛在盾板的外侧。感毛近基部具小棘。螯肢爪末端具三角冠。须肢爪3分叉。足基节毛fCx=1/2/1。胸毛式kSt=2/2/9,此外在足Ⅱ和     

纤恙螨属一新种（蜱螨亚纲：恙螨科）

本文描述纤恙螨属,１９１６,一新种,五角纤恙螨,标本采自青海省玉树藏族自治州称多县。     

山东部分地区小兽类寄生恙螨的群落结构

用鼠笼捕捉活鼠,收集体外恙螨,分类计数,定量分析小兽类体外寄生恙螨的群落结构。探讨山东小兽类体外寄生恙螨群落结构及其与疾病的关系。结果表明,当地5种小兽类体外共有6种寄生恙螨。黑线姬鼠、大仓鼠体外寄生螨种较丰富,各有5种寄生螨。小盾纤恙螨宿主范围广,在4种小兽的体外均有发现。大仓鼠体外太平洋无前恙螨的带螨率和带螨指数最高(72．73％、52．00),临淮岗纤恙螨、泰山纤恙螨、须纤恙螨普遍寄生于黑线姬鼠、大仓鼠体外。黑线姬鼠与大仓鼠寄生螨群落多样性指数相对较高。黑线姬鼠寄生螨群落与大仓鼠的相似系数最大(39．2)。黑线姬鼠体外恙螨群落结构随季节变化而发生变化,恙螨群落的丰富度和多样性指数以冬季(12～2月)最低,春、秋季较高。     

Trombiculid mites (Acarina: Trombiculidae) from Apodemus agrarius coreae caught at Pochun-gun, Gyeonggi Province and Chinhae-City, Kyongnam Province

During October-December 1987, chigger mites infested on the striped field mice (Apodemus agrarius coreae) collected at Pochun-gun, Gyeonggi Province and Chinhae city, Kyongnam Province were identified. 1. Of 171 back-striped mice collected, chigger mites were found from 58 mice, showing 33.9% of infestation rate. 2. Total 865 chigger mites collected were classified into seven species; Leptotrombidium pallidum (4.3%), L. palpale(23.0%), L. orientalis(20.2), L. zetum(19.0%). Neotrombicula tamiyai(32.9), N. japonica(0.2%) and Euschongastia koreaensis(0.3%). Though the most dominant species in number was N. tamiyai(32.9% of the total), this species was collected at very limited locality and for a short period. Therefore, most common species in Korea seems to be L. palpale which was found at all localities throughout the whole survey period. L. pallidum which is known as the vector species of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea was collected in a very low number(4.3% of the total chiggers collected). 3. The number of chigger mites infested on a host animal showed great variations from one chigger up to 207 chiggers. The present study has shown that there may be other Leptotrombidium species mite(s) for the vector and host of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea.     

从山东费县不同季节优势恙螨分离到恙虫病立克次体(英文)

对山东费县秋冬型恙虫病疫源地恙螨进行了调查并进行恙虫病立克次体（Ｒｔ）分离。从３５２只活鼠体外收集到１１ ７６２只恙螨,隶属２属５种,太平洋无前恙螨数量最多,占３６．７３％;其次是临淮岗纤恙螨（２４．０４％）;小盾纤恙螨（２１．６５％）;须纤恙螨（１３．５７％）和泰山纤恙螨（３．９６％）。小盾纤恙螨出现在９—１２月,高峰在１１月;须纤恙螨出现在１０月一翌年４月,高峰在１２月;临淮岗纤恙螨从５月到１１月存在,高峰在８月;太平洋无前恙螨出现在４—１２月,高峰在７月。从小盾纤恙螨、须纤恙螨、临淮岗纤恙螨及太平洋无前恙螨中共分离到１２株Ｒｔ,血清分型结果分离株以Ｇｉｌｌｉａｍ型为主,但存在Ｋａｒｐ型Ｒｔ。这些结果表明,上述４种恙螨均能自然感染Ｒｔ,有在该地区充作不同季节Ｒｔ传播媒介的可能。结合以往的研究结果,当地小盾纤恙螨集中出现于发病季节,其消长与当地人群发病基本一致,且能叮刺、经卵传递Ｒｔ,从而证实小盾纤恙螨是引起该地区秋冬型恙虫病流行的最重要的媒介。     

Abundances and host relationships of chigger mites in Yunnan Province,China

This paper reports on ectoparasitic chigger mites found on small mammals in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Data were accumulated from 19 investigation sites (counties) between 2001 and 2009. A total of 10 222 small mammal hosts were captured and identified; these represented 62 species, 34 genera and 11 families in five orders. From the body surfaces of these 10 222 hosts, a total of 92 990 chigger mites were collected and identified microscopically. These represented 224 species, 22 genera and three subfamilies in the family Trombiculidae (Trombidiformes). Small mammals were commonly found to be infested by chigger mites and most host species harboured several species of mite. The species diversity of chigger mites in Yunnan was much higher than diversities reported previously in other provinces of China and in other countries. A single species of rodent, Eothenomys miletus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), carried 111 species of chigger mite, thus demonstrating the highest species diversity and heaviest mite infestation of all recorded hosts. This diversity is exceptional compared with that of other ectoparasites. Of the total 224 mite species, 21 species accounted for 82.2% of all mites counted. Two species acting as major vectors for scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease), Leptotrombidium scutellare and Leptotrombidium deliense, were identified as the dominant mite species in this sample. In addition to these two major vectors, 12 potential or suspected vector species were found. Most species of chigger mite had a wide range of hosts and low host specificity. For example, L. scutellare parasitized 30 species of host. The low host specificity of chigger mites may increase their probability of encountering humans, as well as their transmission of scrub typhus among different hosts. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed that similarities between different chigger mite communities on the 18 main species of small mammal host did not accord with the taxonomic affinity of the hosts. This suggests that the distribution of chigger mites may be strongly influenced by the environment in which hosts live.     

ISOLATION OF RICKETTSIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI FROM TROMBICULID MITES (ACARI:TROMBICULIDAE) IN FEIXIAN COUNTY, SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA

Abstract  Investigations on trombiculid mites and isolation of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi therefrom were carried out in Feixian County, Shandong Province. A total of 11 762 trombiculid mites, consisting of 5 species from two genera, were collected from 352 rodents (including 247 Apodemus agrarius , 80 Cricetulus triton , 23 Rattus noruegicus , 2 Crocidura suaveolens ), and Walchia pacifica was the most predominant (36.73%), followed by Leptotrombididium linhuaikonense (24.04%), L. scutellare (21.65%), L. palpale (13. 57%), and L. taishanium (3. 96%). L. scutellare was found from September to December with a remarkable peak in November, whereas L. palpale occurred from October to April (the second year) with peak in December. L. linhuaikonense was found from May to November, with peak in August. W. pacifica appeared from April to December with peak in July. R. tsutsugamushi was isolated from L. scutellare, L. palpale, L. linhuaikonense and W. pacifica . The main serotypes of R. tsutsugamushi isolated from the chigger mites were of the Gilliam type, but Karp type also existed in L. linhuaikonense . These results indicate that the surveyed area has a high probability of occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease, and L. scutellare, L. palpale, L. linhuaikonense and W. pacifica may serve as the vectors in this area. It is suggested that L. scutellare is the most important vector which has caused the endemic of this disease in Feixian County.     

恙螨染色体分带的初步研究

本文报道应用胰酶法对微红纤恙螨Leptotrombidium rubellum,苍白纤恙螨L. pallidum和小板纤恙满L. scutellarc进行G带带型分析.三种恙螨染色体分别显示17、21、19条深带带纹,用CS-190机对每条显带的染色体进行薄层扫描,结果每一条深带显示一个峰,对微红纤螨和巨螯齿恙螨Odontaearus majestivus进行BSG法的C显带实验,均未见到带纹,从C带结果及对敬红纤慧螨染色体扫描电镜的初步观察结果,提示恙螨染色体可能为泛着丝粒类型,本文根据恙螨染色体的分带情况,探讨了几种恙螨间的亲缘关系以及恙螨染色体的研究在分类上的意义.     

Larval Chigger Mites Collected from Small Mammals in 3 Provinces,Korea

A total of 9,281 larval chigger mites were collected from small mammals captured at Hwaseong-gun, Gyeonggi-do (Province) (2,754 mites from 30 small mammals), Asan city, Chungcheongnam-do (3,358 mites from 48 mammals), and Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do (3,169 for 62 mammals) from April-November 2009 in the Republic of Korea (= Korea) and were identified to species. Leptotrombidium pallidum was the predominant species in Hwaseong (95.8%) and Asan (61.2%), while Leptotrombidium scutellare was the predominant species collected from Jangseong (80.1%). Overall, larval chigger mite indices decreased from April (27.3) to June (4.9), then increased in September (95.2) and to a high level in November (169.3). These data suggest that L. pallidum and L. scutellare are the primary vectors of scrub typhus throughout their range in Korea. While other species of larval chigger mites were also collected with some implications in the transmission of Orientia tsutsugamushi, they only accounted for 11.2% of all larval chigger mites collected from small mammals.     

Geographical Distribution and Epidemiologic Factors of Chigger Mites on Apodemus agrarius during Autumn in Korea

A nationwide survey of chigger mites causing scrub typhus and an investigation of epidemiologic factors for chigger mites was conducted at 16 localities in 8 provinces in Korea during autumn 2009, 2012, and 2013. A total of 233 Apodemus agrarius were captured, and all were infested with chigger mites. The chigger index was highest in Chungcheongbuk-do in 2009 (358.3) and 2012 (290.1) and Chungcheongnam-do in 2013 (294.4). The predominant chigger mite species was Leptotrombidium pallidum in the northern and central parts and L. scutellare in the southern and western parts, Korea. L. pallidum was not found in Jellanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do and the distribution of L. scutellare had been expanded in the northern parts of Korea. The chigger index of L. pallidum was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with humidity. The incidence of scrub typhus is dependent on L. scutellare index. These findings could be helpful to monitor the distribution of chigger mites and to develop a preventive measures for scrub typhus in Korea.     

Three‐year surveillance (2016–2018) of chigger mites vector for tsutsugamushi disease in the Hwaseong‐Si area of Gyeonggi‐Do,Republic of Korea

Owing to climate change, the global resurgence of vector‐borne infectious diseases has emerged as a critical public health issue. Orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiological agent of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) a mite‐borne acute febrile disease occurring in the Asia‐Pacific region. We investigated the prevalence of tsutsugamushi disease transmitted by chigger mite vectors living on rodents. Using sticky‐type chigger traps for three months during 2016–2018, 1,057 chigger mites were collected (chigger mite index, 1.31) from four locations in the Hwaseong‐si area of Gyeonggi‐do, Republic of Korea. Five species distributed among three genera were identified. In addition, 94 rodents were captured (collection rate: 7.83%) using Sherman live traps over the course of three months (April, October, and November) during 2016–2017. Three rodent species were captured and identified and the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius) was the dominant rodent host species in the surveyed area. A total of 10,469 ectoparasitic chigger mites were recovered from the 94 rodents, from which 13 species distributed among four genera were identified. Of the 5,250 chigger mites examined, Leptotrombidium pallidum was most abundant (n = 2,558), followed by L. orientale, L. scutellare, L. zetum, Euschoengastia koreaensis, L. subintermedium, and Neotrombicula tamiyai. Of the examined chigger mites, no groups recovered from rodent hosts tested positive for O. tsutsugamushi. This study provides fundamental regional information on vector‐borne disease data collection in the Hwaseong‐si area, Gyeonggi‐do, and will further contribute to formulating disease control and prevention strategies.