生长抑素前体蛋白1和前脑啡肽原mRNA在鸡肠Remak神经中的分布

肠Remak神经(Intestinal nerve of Remak,INR)是禽类特有的一根自主神经节链,但INR中肽类递质的分布至今仍然存在许多疑问。本文应用RT-PCR方法从鸡脑组织提取的RNA中扩增生长抑素前体蛋白1(Somatostatin precursor1,PSS1)和前脑啡肽原(Preproenkephalin,PPE)基因片段,将其连接于pGM-Teasy质粒,经过转化大肠杆菌、挑取阳性克隆和测序鉴定,确定为目的片段。分别以线性化的SS1/pGM-Teasy和PPE/pGM-Teasy质粒为模板,用体外转录的方法合成正反义地高辛标记RNA探针。通过原位杂交方法将合成的探针用于探查PPE和PSS1 mRNA在鸡空回肠段和直肠段INR中的分布情况。结果表明:INR中大部分神经细胞中有PPE和PSS1的mRNA的转录,其中PPE探针杂交阳性细胞在空回肠段和直肠段INR分别占83.79%±7.96%和96.04%±4.53%,而PSS1探针在空回肠段和直肠段INR中的杂交阳性细胞分别占86.98%±7.93%和86.07%±6.11%;在整个INR中都可能有PPE和PSS1 mRNA共存于同一神经细胞的现象;原位杂交阳性神经细胞胞体呈有突起的梭形或椭圆形,其纵轴与INR延伸的方向平行;阳性神经细胞胞体在INR神经节中呈层状或成群分布,在节间束也有少量的阳性细胞分布。本文从基因水平证明INR中大量神经细胞进行PPE或PSS1的mRNA的转录,并可能作为外源性生长抑素1和脑啡肽能神经纤维支配到肠壁和输卵管     

电针可促进前脑啡肽原mRNA在大鼠脊髓和延髓的表达：原位杂交研究

本实验室以往的研究表明电针可促进脊髓脑啡肽释放,本研究进一步利用原位杂交方法观察电针后前脑啡肽原mRNA在脊髓和延髓的表达。结果表明电针刺激(2Hz,1-2-3mA,30)后24h同侧脊髓背角前脑啡肽原(PPE)-mRNA阳性细胞数高于对侧。电针后对侧延髓腹内侧网状结构[包括延髓网状巨细胞核(Gi)及其α部(GiA)和Gi的外侧旁核(LPGi)]PPE-mRNA阳性细胞数高于同侧。我们推测电针诱发前脑啡肽原mRNA表达增加可弥补因脑啡肽释放增多而导致脑啡肽前体物质的损失,从而参与针刺镇痛的长期效应。     

即刻电针介入对IBS模型大鼠血浆ET,CGRP水平及结肠ETR-A,CGRPmRNA表达的影响

目的：比较即刻电针天枢穴、足三里穴对肠易激综合征（ms）模型大鼠血浆降钙基因相关肽（CGRP）、内皮素（ET）水平及结肠组织中内皮素受体A（ETR－A）、CGRPmRNA表达的影响,旨在探讨电针即刻治疗IBS的部分机制。方法：采用WISTAR幼鼠制备肠易激综合征模型,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、天枢组、足三里组,每组8只。空白对照组不作任何处理,模型组只束缚不针刺,天枢组和足三里组在实验第8周电针治疗一次,留针20min。治疗结束后处死大鼠,取大鼠血浆及部分结肠组织进行生物活性物质检测。采用酶联免疫法检测血浆中CGRP、ET、结肠组织中ETR—A的含量,采用RT—PCR法检测结肠组织中CGRPmRNA表达。结果：（1）即刻电针对IBS模型大鼠血浆CGRP、ET水平的影响：与空白对照组比较,模型组CGRP水平明显降低（P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,天枢组、足三里组CGRP水平明显升高（P〈0．01）。与空白对照组比较,模型组ET水平升高（P〈0．05）;与模型组比较,天枢组ET水平明显降低（P〈0．01）。（2）即刻电针对IBS模型大鼠结肠组织ETR—A水平的影响：与空白对照组比较,模型组ETR—A水平明显升高（P〈0．01）;与模型组比较,足三里组ETR-A水平明显降低（P〈0．01）。（3）即刻电针对IBS模型大鼠结肠组织CGRPmRNA表达的影响：与空白对照组比较,模型组、天枢组、足三里组CGRPmRNA表达明显增强（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;与模型组比较,足三里组CGRPmRNA表达减弱（P〈0．05）。结论：即刻电针介入后,能够调节机体的内环境紊乱和CGRP、ET的平衡失调。这种调节作用因穴位不同而具有不同的特点,天枢穴对血浆中CGRP、ET调节作用较强,足三里穴在受体和基因表达方面作用明显。     

胰岛素原C肽多聚体基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及重组C肽在水溶液中的稳定性

合成了胰岛素原C肽三聚体的基因,并在大肠杆菌中得到高效表达。表达的融合蛋白质通过设计的特异性位点的酶切得到重组的人胰岛素原C肽单体。融合蛋白质以可溶性蛋白质的形式表达,表达量约为80mg／L。Ni—NTA亲和柱可有效地从细胞裂解的上清液中分离纯化融合蛋白质,得到纯度大于70％的融合蛋白质37．5mg／L。融合蛋白质可经胰蛋白酶/羧肽酶B双酶切有效释放天然的C肽。释放的C肽经氨基酸组成分析、与标准对照的RP—HPLC分析和免疫发光法定量证实与天然人C肽完全相同。C肽经RP-HPLC纯化后可得,总的收率为1．5mg/L,纯度大于95％。考察了C肽在冻干过程中及在水溶液中的稳定性。结果表明C肽在冻干过程中稳定,在水溶液中其稳定性受pH和温度的影响。在pH3和pH7．4缓冲液中,37℃或70℃下,C肽的降解符合一级动力学。C肽冻干品直接溶解于pH9的缓冲液中,立即降解,降解产物在37℃和70℃下基本稳定。C肽冻干品直接溶解于pH3的缓冲液中,立即发生降解反应,随后可观察到随温度升高和时间延长,降解反应的进行,37℃、10h,可观察到约80．3％的C肽保持,而在70℃、10h,只有43％C肽保持。C肽在pH7．4最稳定,37℃、6h或10g／L BSA存在下,70℃、3h,未观察到降解产物。PH7．4、37℃、10h,在有和没有10g／L BSA存在的情况下,C肽的保持率分别为99％和96％,从而显示了BSA的保护作用。     

菜豆泛肽基因在生物和非生物胁迫下的表达

差别筛选HgCl2胁迫处理的菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris L.）幼苗叶片cDNA库,分离出1个重金属胁迫响应基因PvSR52克隆,其cDNA长度为281bp。cDNA和氨基酸序列同源性分析表明PvSR52编码一种多聚泛肽。Southern blot结果表明菜豆泛肽可能由少数基因编码。Northern blot分析表明多聚泛肽叶片中表达较少;重金属Hg、Cd和As等、过量的Zn和Cu及高温、病毒侵染和水杨酸等环境胁迫均能强烈地刺激其在叶片中的表达。推测泛肽水解系统在提高植物的抗塑性方面有重要作用。     

大鼠脊髓内甲啡肽、强啡肽A-(1—13)和吗啡在镇痛中的相互加强作用

1.大景以辐射热甩尾法测痛。应用脊髓蛛网膜下腔,连续累加注射法观察药物的镇痛作用。脊髓蛛网膜下腔单独注射甲啡肽100nmol不能提高痛阈,但与吗啡或强啡肽A-(1—13)合用时,可明显加强后者的镇痛作用。 2.脊髓蛛网膜下腔单独注射强啡肽A-(—13)2.5nmol本身无镇痛作用,但与吗啡合用时,却能明显加强吗啡的镇痛作用。 3.本文对连续累加注射法的特点及三类阿片受体及其配基对痛觉的调制作用,进行了讨论。     

人工会成柞蚕杀菌肽D基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

以质粒pWR450为载体,克隆了人工合成的柞蚕杀菌肽D基因(122bp),构建的重组子pWR450-Cec转化大肠杆菌JM103、用限制性内切酶酶切鉴定。产物经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,结果显示可表达杀菌肽-β-gal融合蛋白。     

电激转化GFP基因在小麦合子和早期原胚中的高频表达

用电激法将GFP基因成功转入分离的小麦（Triticum aestivumL.)合子及早期原胚中。在电场强度150V/cm,电容25μF。线性DNA浓度200μg/mL,电激缓冲液pH7.2的条件下,得到GFP基因在早期原胚中的高频瞬间表达（46.7%)。与开花后5d胚胎的最适电场强度相比,合子和早期原胚因较幼嫩而最适电场强度较低。电激后的一些早期原胚可以在KM8p培养基中培养并继续分裂,分裂后的细胞中也能观察到GFP基因的表达。此外,电激后的合子及2细胞。4细胞和8细胞原胚中没有看到基因表达的嵌合现象。     

Adrenalectomy Potentiates Immediate Early Gene Expression in Rat Brain

Administration of kainate or pentylenetetrazole increased c-fos, c-jun, junB, and junD mRNA levels in rat brain in a dose-dependent manner. Kainate increased these mRNA levels predominantly in the hippocampus, and pentylenetetrazole was more effective in the cortex. Adrenalectomy (3 days) was used to eliminate endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. Adrenalectomy significantly potentiated kainate-induced increases, compared with increases caused by kainate (4 mg/kg) alone, in the hippocampal mRNA levels of c-fos and junB by 6.5-fold and of junD by twofold and tended to augment c-jun mRNA. Corticosterone administration blocked the potentiated stimulation of these mRNA levels caused by adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy also significantly increased pentylenetetrazole-induced levels of c-fos mRNA in the cortex. These results demonstrate that glucocorticoids modulate immediate early gene expression in the brain, raising the possibility that this interaction contributes to interneuronal and interindividual differences in responses to stimuli and to the effects of stress- or disease-induced changes in glucocorticoid concentrations.     

佛波酯诱导内皮素和FOS／JUN基因在血管内皮细胞中的表达及AP－1结合活性

佛波酯诱导内皮素和ＦＯＳ／ＪＵＮ基因在血管内皮细胞中的表达及ＡＰ－１结合活性温进坤,魏素珍（河北医学院生化教研室,石家庄０５００１７）张晨晖,姚阿卿,周爱儒,汤健（北京医科大学心血管基础研究所,北京,１０００８３）关键词内皮素基因表达;ＡＰ－１转录因...     

Cytokine Gene Expression Within the Central Nervous System

1. The identification of cytokine genes expressed in the central nervous system is critical to understanding the immune network in various diseases of brain, such as infection, degeneration, and malignancy.2. Expression of cytokine genes in human astrocytoma cell lines and in fresh brain specimens was studied by the reverse-transcribed/polymerase chain reaction method.3. The correlation between clinical malignancy and cytokine gene expression within malignant glioma was examined, especially regarding the relevancy of inhibitory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor- and interleukin-10.     

FOS／JUN介导佛波酯对内皮素基因表达的诱导作用

利用凝胶电泳迁移率改变实验、RNA印迹和蛋白质印迹分析分别检查了c-jun抗体对内皮素-1(ET-1)基因AP-1位点与核蛋白结合的影响及肿瘤促进剂佛波酯(TPA)对c-fos/c-jun基因表达的作用.结果发现,c-jun抗体可使AP-1位点-核蛋白复合物的电泳迁移率发生改变,TPA显著促进c-fos/c-jun基因表达和血管内皮细胞的AP-1结合活性.实验表明,TPA对ET-1基因表达的诱导作用是通过促进AP-1转录因子c-fos/c-jun合成来介导的.     

Chronic Electroconvulsive Seizures Down–Regulate Expression of the Immediate-Early Genes c-fos and c-jun in Rat Cerebral Cortex

Acute seizures and other stimuli that increase neuronal activity cause a rapid induction of the immediate-early genes c-fos and c-jun, also referred to as nuclear proto-oncogenes, in the nervous system. In the present study, rats were administered one or more electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) and the responsiveness of c-fos and c-jun to an acute, "test" seizure was examined. Four hours after a single ECS, the induction of c-fos mRNA by a test seizure was blocked, in agreement with earlier findings, but by 18 h the levels of c-fos mRNA could be reinduced by the test seizure, suggesting that 1 day is sufficient to "reset" the responsiveness of this system. However, it was found that chronic, daily ECS treatments resulted in a time-dependent decrease in the expression of c-fos mRNA in response to a test seizure administered 18 h after the last daily ECS; this effect was maximal after 8-10 days of treatment, at which time the induction of c-fos mRNA by the test seizure was blocked dramatically. Chronic ECS also blocked the induction of c-jun in response to an acute, test seizure. The effect of chronic ECS on levels of Fos protein was also investigated. It was found that basal levels of Fos protein were reduced after chronic (10 days) ECS and were not induced by a test seizure. Because levels of Fos protein remain elevated 4 h after a single seizure this finding suggests that the mechanisms by which acute (4 h) and chronic (8-10 days) ECS block the induction of c-fos may differ.     

Monoamine Transporter Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Diabetic animals exhibit altered neurotransmission in brain monoaminergic systems. By means of in situ hybridization, we have investigated the expression of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin transporter (DA-T, NA-T, and 5-HT-T, respectively) mRNAs in the brains of alloxan- and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The expression of DA-T mRNA is decreased in 1- (−11%) and 4-(−17%) week alloxan-diabetic and 4- (−9%) and 8-(−20%) week streptozotocin-diabetic rats in the ventral medial bundle. The expression of NA-T mRNA is decreased in the locus coeruleus of 8- (−26%) week streptozotocin-diabetic rats, in the noradrenergic A1 cell group of 4-(−27%) week alloxan- and 8- (−25%) week streptozotocin-diabetic rats, and in the noradrenergic A2 cell group of 1- (−21%) and 4- (−28%) week alloxan-diabetic and 4- (−27%) and 8- (−25%) week streptozotocin-diabetic animals. The expression of 5-HT-T mRNA in the dorsal raphe nucleus is increased in 1- (+14%) and 4- (+44%) week alloxan- and 4- (+28%) and 8-(+44%) week streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The expression of each of the three monoamine transporter genes may be differentially regulated in diabetes and dependent on the duration of diabetes. Altered monoamine transporter gene expression may possibly contribute to the observed dysfunctions in brain monoamine transmission in chronic diabetes.     

大鼠前体脂肪细胞分化过程中6种基因的表达时序研究

本实验分离培养SD大鼠前体脂肪细胞,以油红O染色计数法区分分化的不同阶段,采用半定量RT-PCR法检测脂肪细胞分化过程中转录因子固醇调控元件结合蛋白(sterol regulatory element binding protein,SREBP-1c)、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白(carbohydrate responsive element binding protein,ChREBP)以及脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acetyl-CoA carboxylase,ACC1)、硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶(stearoyl-CoA desaturase,SCD)和激素敏感脂酶(hormone sensitive lipase,HSL)基因mRNA表达水平的变化。结果表明,上述基因在前体脂肪细胞阶段均不表达,SREBP-1c、FAS在分化初期表达,SREBP-1c、ChREBP、HSL、FAS、SCD在分化中期表达,6种基因在终末分化阶段均有表达。