亚热带人工林松树13C/12C比率和水分利用效率

The ¹³C/¹²Cratio, photosynthetic rate and stomatie conductivity of leaves of Pinus massoniana, Schima superba,Psychotria rubra, Evodia lepta and Rhodomyrtus tomentasa are measured. No significant deviation (at 5% level) is observed between water use efficiencies calculated by these items. The¹³C/¹²Cis 25.41±0.61‰. In average for treerings of Pinus massoniana from 1971 to 1983(n=6), with the maximum in1977 when the lowest precipitation was recorded. The average water use efficiency of Pinus massoniana is 8.28±0.38 in1977—1983, which is higher than that of trees in natural site and might be caused by the changes of solar radiation and water condition. ¹³C/¹²Cratio ana lysis could provide usefull informations for studying water use efficiency of artificial forest.     

等量分次施氮对冬枣15N和13C利用与分配特性的影响

以4年生盆栽冬枣为试材,采用¹³C、¹⁵N双标记示踪技术,在果实发育期研究了等氮量分次追施氮肥对冬枣植株¹⁵N和¹³C吸收、利用、积累和分配的影响.结果表明: 至果实采收期,冬枣各器官Ndff值(植株器官从肥料中吸收分配到的¹⁵N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率)随追氮次数的增多而显著增大.生殖器官(果实)和营养器官(叶片、枣吊、新生枣头枝和细根)的¹⁵N分配率以4次追氮处理最高,1次追氮处理最低,贮藏器官(主干、多年生枝和粗根)¹⁵N分配率的趋势相反;4次追氮处理¹⁵N利用率分别比1次和2次追氮处理高27.4%和15.5%.追氮次数越多,植株总氮量和¹⁵N吸收量越大;随时间的推移,1次追氮处理土壤¹⁵N丰度和总氮含量持续降低,2次追氮处理呈先升高后降低的趋势,4次追氮处理变化相对最为平稳,至处理后期显著高于其他处理;果实白熟至采收期,叶片叶绿素、氮含量和净光合速率均表现为4次追氮>2次追氮>1次追氮.不同处理¹³C同化物积累与分配不同.4次追氮处理¹³C固定总量分别是1次和2次追氮处理的1.1和1.2倍.增加追氮次数,促进了¹³C同化物向果实和贮藏器官的转移,而减少了向当年生营养器官的分配.综上,果实发育期4次追氮通过保证根层稳定、充足的氮素供应,提高了对氮素的吸收和利用,进而维持了较高的净光合速率,促进并优化了光合同化物的积累和分配,最有利于冬枣树体的生长及产量和品质的提高.     

[15N] leucine as a source of [15N] glutamate in organotypic cerebellar explants

Approximately 26.0% of the [¹⁵N] glutamate and [alpha ¹⁵N] glutamine formed in organotypic cerebellar explants was derived from [¹⁵N] leucine. Approximately 14.0% of the ¹⁵NH₃ and [amide ¹⁵N] glutamine synthesized came from leucine nitrogen. Another 4.0% of the alpha nitrogen of both glutamate and glutamine was derived from [¹⁵N] valine. These results suggest that branched-chain amino acids, particularly leucine, may be important for the synthesis of glutamic acid by the brain.     

亚热带季风常绿阔叶林树木年轮的13C/12C和空气CO2浓度变化

测定了亚热带季风常绿阔叶林的几种树木年轮的¹³C/¹²C比率(δ¹³C)。云南银柴的1962-1983年年轮δ¹³C平均为-28.53±0.84（n=5）,华润楠的1951-1984年年轮的δ¹³C为-28.46±0.53（n=6）。黄果厚壳桂的1951-1984年年轮的δ¹³C为-29.19±0.80（n=6）,木荷的1975-1984年年轮δ¹³C为-28.42±0.41（n=4）,δ¹³C数值偏离平均值逐年增大。计算空气CO₂浓度每年递增1.21μ1/L。     

Biosynthesis of Pr toxin from [1,2-13C]acetate: occurrence of induced 13C13C coupling

The biosynthesis of PR toxin was studied by incorporation of [1,2-¹³C]acetate. The biosynthesis of the eremophilane skeleton of PR toxin follows th     

Double-label autoradiography on polyacrylamide gels with 3H and 14C

A method of autoradiography is deseribed which allows discrimination between ³H- and ¹⁴C-labeled materials on polyacrylamide gels. The method relies on a very simple procedure for switching from fluorography to autoradiography which results in a decrease in ¹⁴C detection sensitivity of about 10-fold but a concomitant decrease in ³H sensitivity of over 800-fold. With the proper ratio of ³H to ¹⁴C radioactivities, there is little or no “spillover” of one isotope during the detection of the other. No special equipment is required.     

供氮水平对不同砧穗组合苹果叶片衰老及13C、 15N分配利用的影响

砂培条件下,以2年生烟富3/八棱海棠(乔化)、烟富3/M7(半矮化)和烟富3/M26/八棱海棠(矮化)为试材,采用C、N双标记示踪技术,研究供氮水平(0N、25%N和100%N,100%N为Hoagland完全营养液中的N量)对不同砧穗组合苹果叶片衰老及¹³C、 ¹⁵N分配利用的影响.结果表明:在秋梢停长期,在同一氮素胁迫(0N和25%N)下植株叶片的叶绿素、氮含量和光合速率均以烟富3/八棱海棠最大,其次是烟富3/M7,烟富3/M26/八棱海棠最小,而正常氮素处理(100%N)均以烟富3/M26/八棱海棠最大,其次是烟富3/M7,烟富3/八棱海棠最小;在同一氮素胁迫水平下叶片的SOD和CAT活性均为烟富3/八棱海棠>烟富3/M7>烟富3/M26/八棱海棠,而正常氮素水平均为烟富3/M26/八棱海棠>烟富3/M7>烟富3/八棱海棠;在同一氮素水平下,3种砧穗组合苹果植株根和叶片的¹⁵N、¹³C分配率存在显著差异,氮素胁迫处理植株根的¹⁵N、¹³C分配率最高,表现为烟富3/八棱海棠>烟富3/M7>烟富3/M26/八棱海棠,而正常氮素处理植株叶片的¹⁵N、¹³C分配率最高,表现为烟富3/M26/八棱海棠>烟富3/M7>烟富3/八棱海棠.在不同氮素水平下,3种砧穗组合苹果植株氮肥利用率存在显著差异,且均以烟富3/八棱海棠植株最大,分别为44.3%、37.5%和31.4%,其次是烟富3/M7,分别为38.8%、30.7%和 26.6%,烟富3/M26/八棱海棠最小,分别为32.0%、27.2%和22.5%.     

[14C]epicatechin and [14C]procyanidins from seed shells of Aesculus hippocastanum

Direct injection of sodium-[1-¹⁴C]acetate into growing fruits of horse chestnut provides a convenient route to [¹⁴C]labelled epicatechin and procyanidins.     

三峡库区小江库湾鱼类食物网的稳定C、N同位素分析

应用稳定碳(δ₁₃C)、氮(δ₁₅N)同位素探讨了三峡库区一级支流小江库湾枯水期(2010.7)和丰水期间(2010.12)鱼类食物网结构。研究结果显示：初级生产者颗粒有机物(POM)和固着藻类δ₁₃C、δ₁₅N值范围分别为-23.33‰～-21.05‰、-25.13‰～-24.54‰,3.99‰～6.25‰、4.64‰～4.79‰。POM和固着藻类构成了小江库湾食物网能量的主要来源,其中丰水期间陆生营养物质输入是其食物网能量来源的一种重要补充途径。小江库湾常见鱼类食性可分为杂食偏植物食性、杂食偏动物食性及动物食性3种营养类群。在不同时期(枯水期和丰水期)小江库湾鱼类食物网营养级长度均有三级并且存在4种主要营养路径,表明了在三峡工程运行初期小江库湾已经形成了相对稳定的食物网结构。研究为小江库湾鱼类资源管理及生态系统恢复提供了一定的指导意义。     

13C NMR analysis of aporphine alkaloids

The ¹³C NMR spectra of some tertiary and quaternary aporphine alkaloids are recorded and the signals assigned. The substituent shielding effects together with the effects of N- and O-methylation, and the twisting of the biphenyl system, are analysed and utilized in the spectral interpretation.     

Changes in the oceanic 13C/12C ratio during the last 140 000 years: High-latitude surface water records

Detailed records of the carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma are compared between nine high-latitude sediment cores, from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, covering the last 140 000 yrs. The strong analogies between the δ¹³C records permit to define a δ¹³C stratigraphic scale, with three clear cut transitions simultaneous with the oxygen isotopic transitions 6/5 (125 kyrs.), 5/4 (65 kyrs.), and 2/1 (13 kyrs.). The δ¹³C records of N. pachyderma in the high-latitude cores, which follow the changes in δ¹³C of the surface water TCO₂ near areas of deep water formation present trends similar to the benthic foraminifera δ¹³C records in cores V19–30 and M12-392, although amplitudes of the isotopic shifts are different. This implies that a large part of the observed variations represents global changes in the carbon distribution between biosphere and ocean.The ¹³C/¹²C ratios of N. pachyderma in the North Atlantic cores display larger regional variations at 18 kyrs. B.P. than at present. To explain these differences, we have plotted the 18 kyrs. B.P. δ¹³C values of N. pachyderma from 17 cores distributed N of 40°N. Comparison with published surface water temperature distribution at 18 kyrs. B.P. indicates that a strong divergent cyclonic cell, centered approximatively 55°N and 15°W, was active during most of the last ice-age maximum This hydrology, analogous to the present Weddell Sea, explains the published evidences of bottom water formation, if located on the northern flank of the gyre, and the strong polar front on the southern flank, probable location of intermediate water formation.     

13C NMR structural investigation of scleroglucan

This paper concerns the ¹³C NMR signal assignment in the DMSO of a neutral polysaccharide, scleroglucan. The previously proposed chemical structure is confirmed. The ¹³C NMR spectrum shows that scleroglucan is a regular poly (A, B, C, D) type glucan. The relaxation times of the different series of carbon atoms demonstrate that a single, pendant glucose group is attached to each third monomer along the main chain of what is a β(1 → 3)-glucan. Partial acid hydrolysis gives a spectrum analogous to that of the β(1 → 3)-d-glucan, curdlan, and confirms the structure of the polymer backbone.In aqueous solution, no signal has been obtained due to the existence of a rigid, ordered conformation as demonstrated by optical rotation; in the presence of sodium hydroxide, a conformational transition is produced just as with curdlan. The conclusion is that the behaviour of scleroglucan in solution is similar to that of other β(1 → 3)-d-glucans even though it is more soluble.     

Synthesis and properties of 35S, 14C and 3H labeled S-alkyl glycerol ethers and derivatives

Radioactive S-alkyl glycerol ethers have been synthesized with ³⁵S, ¹⁴C and ³H labels as well as ³H/³⁵S double labels.The synthesized compounds were converted to various derivatives which can serve to characterize the S-alkyl glycerol ethers. These included the isopropChemical analysis, IR, NMR, zonal TLC profile scans and GLC showed all the products to be > 99% pure.The GLC behaviour of the aldehyde and acetate derivatives of both S-alkyl glycerol ethers and O-alkyl glycerol ethers on EGSS-X was compared.     

Conversion of α[15N]amino-2,6-dichlorobenzaldoxime into [15N]2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile by a soil culture

α-[¹⁵N]amino-2,6-dichlorobenzaldoxime was shown by mass spectrometry to be converted by a culture of soil microorganisms into [¹⁵N]2,6-dichlo