肠内营养支持治疗对炎症性肠病患者肠黏膜屏障功能及炎症反应的影响

目的探讨早期肠内营养(EN)支持治疗对炎症性肠病(IBD)患者肠黏膜屏障功能及炎症反应的影响。方法将80例IBD患者按营养支持治疗途径分为EN组(48例)和肠外营养(PN)组(32例),在常规治疗的基础上分别给予早期EN、PN支持治疗。比较治疗前后2组患者营养学相关指标[白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)]、肠黏膜屏障功能指标(内毒素、D-乳酸)及炎症相关指标[C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、粪便钙卫蛋白(FCP)]水平。结果治疗前,2组患者各观察指标水平差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,与治疗前相比,2组患者血清ALB、PA及TF水平均显著升高(P0.05),血清内毒素、D-乳酸、CRP、PCT及FCP水平均显著降低(P0.05);与PN组患者治疗后相比,EN组治疗后血清PA水平显著升高(P0.05),血清内毒素、D-乳酸、CRP、PCT及FCP水平均显著降低(P0.05)。治疗后2组患者的血清ALB及TF水平之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在常规治疗的基础上,早期EN支持治疗对IBD患者肠黏膜屏障功能的改善及炎症缓解作用优于PN支持治疗。     

益生菌对急性溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠黏膜Toll样受体表达的影响

目的探讨益生菌对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠模型肠黏膜Toll样受体(TLRs)表达的调控及其在UC发生发展中可能的作用机制。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、模型组(B组)、金双歧治疗组(C组)、Toll样受体4单克隆抗体(TLR4m Ab)干预组(D组)。采用三硝基苯磺酸(TNBs)法造模,C组给予金双歧灌服,D组给予TLR4m Ab腹腔注射,第8天处死全部大鼠。对每组大鼠进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分及组织病理学(HPS)评分,应用实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)法测定TLR4、TLR2 m RNA的表达。结果 B组DAI及HPS评分均明显高于A组(P0.05),C组和D组较模型组均有所缓解(P0.05)。TLR4、TLR2 m RNA在B组的表达明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而在C组和D组的表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 UC大鼠结肠组织中TLR4、TLR2表达异常,益生菌能抑制TLR4、TLR2的表达,可能是一种有效治疗UC的方法。     

益生菌对炎症性肠病幼鼠 Th17细胞的调节作用

目的观察鼠李糖乳杆菌(LGG)对炎症性肠病(IBD)幼鼠结肠白细胞介素-17A (IL-17A)水平的影响,探讨益生菌对Th17细胞的调节作用。方法 36只健康雄性SD幼鼠随机分4组:空白对照组、LGG对照组各8只,IBD组、IBD-LGG组各10只。利用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)诱导幼鼠IBD模型,观察一般状况、IBD疾病活动指数评分。第8天处死所有幼鼠,留取结肠标本,观察病理改变并采用免疫组织化学法测定结肠组织IL-17A的表达。结果相比两对照组,IBD组、IBD-LGG组幼鼠一般状态差,IBD-LGG组便性状及隐血较IBD组缓解;IBD组、IBD-LGG组幼鼠结肠组织均见炎症改变,但IBD-LGG组较轻。IBD-LGG组DAI评分、IL-17A水平均低于IBD组,差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。结论益生菌可减轻IBD幼鼠肠道炎症,其机制可能与益生菌调节Th17细胞进而调控IL-17A表达有关。     

不同麻醉和镇痛方法对食管癌手术患者生活质量的影响

目的:观察不同麻醉和镇痛方法下食管癌手术患者生活质量的影响情况.方法:将56例食管癌手术患者按入院顺序随机分为A组(n=28)和B组(n=28),A组患者采用全凭静脉麻醉,术后行患者自控静脉镇痛;B组患者采用胸段硬膜外阻滞复合静脉全麻,术后行患者自控硬膜外镇痛.术前和术后采用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EOR℃)QLQ-C30生命质量问卷(中文版)进行调查,比较两组患者生命质量的变化情况.结果:A组患者手术前食欲丧失项目的评分明显低于手术后(P＜0.05),其他子量表的评分手术前后差异均没有统计学意义(P＞0.05);而B组食管癌患者手术前总体健康状况和食欲丧失项目的评分明显低于手术后,疲倦和疼痛项目评分明显高于手术后(P＜0.05),其他子量表的评分手术前后差异均没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).A和B组患者的各子量表评分差异均没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:胸段硬膜外阻滞复合静脉全麻及术后患者自控硬膜外镇痛可以影响食管癌患者术后的部分症状,但是不同麻醉和镇痛方法对患者的生活质量的差异不明显.     

益生菌制剂对2型糖尿病患者的疗效及其对其肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨益生菌制剂对2型糖尿病患者的疗效及其对肠道菌群的影响。方法选取医院收治的92例2型糖尿病患者随机分为对照组和研究组,各46例。对照组给予基础治疗,研究组给予基础治疗联合益生菌制剂。对比治疗前后两组患者临床症状评分和糖代谢指标水平变化,肠道菌群的组成及多样性变化,治疗效果和药物不良反应。结果治疗后两组患者Chao1指数和Shannon指数均升高(均P0.05),且研究组Chao1指数和Shannon指数均高于对照组(均P0.05);治疗后两组疲乏无力、失眠口渴、多饮多尿临床症状评分,空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白水平,拟杆菌属及肠球菌属的相对丰度均下降(均P0.05),且研究组的各项指标均低于对照组(均P0.05);治疗后两组乳杆菌属、柔嫩梭菌属及双歧杆菌属相对丰度均升高(均P0.05),且研究组这三个菌属的相对丰度均高于对照组(均P0.05);两组疗效等级分布差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),研究组总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组药物不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论益生菌制剂能够控制2型糖尿病患者的临床症状,改善糖代谢,增加肠道菌群的多样性,调节肠道菌群属水平相对丰度,还可增强疗效且安全。     

温针联合骨疏康胶囊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效及对炎症因子的影响

目的:分析温针联合骨疏康胶囊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效及对患者白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白(MMP-3)水平的影响。方法:以2013年1月至2016年1月新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州人民医院中医科收治的90例膝关节骨性关节炎患者为研究对象,并根据就诊顺序分为观察组、对照组A和对照组B,每组30例。观察组采用温针联合骨疏康胶囊治疗,对照组A仅给予温针治疗,对照组B仅给予骨疏康胶囊治疗。观察和比较三组的临床疗效、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Lysholm膝关节康复量表(LKSS)评分和症状评分及膝关节液中IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-3水平。结果:观察组的总有效显著高于对照组A和对照组B(P0.05),而对照组A和对照组B之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,三组的VAS、症状评分、膝关节液中IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-3水平均较治疗前显著降低,LKSS评分较治疗前显著升高(P0.05)。观察组的VAS、症状评分、膝关节液中IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-3水平低于对照组A和对照组B,LKSS评分高于对照组A和对照组B(P0.05),对照组A和对照组B之间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:温针联合骨疏康胶囊治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效较单用温针或骨疏康胶囊更显著,可有效改善患者的临床症状,可能与降低膝关节液中IL-1、TNF-α、MMP-3水平有关。     

孕酮对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者早期MMP-9水平及微循环的影响

目的:探究孕酮对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者早期MMP-9水平及微循环的影响。方法:收集我院神经外科收治的外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者70例,根据随机数字对照表分为对照组(35例)与试验组(35例)。两组均给予常规治疗,对照组患者给予静脉注射尼莫地平治疗,试验组在此基础上给予复方甲地孕酮治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后格拉斯哥昏迷指数GCS评分、金属基质蛋白酶-9(MMP9)水平及微循环的变化情况。结果:两组患者入院时GCS评分、血清MMP-9水平无明显差异(P0.05),对照组治疗14天后GCS评分明显升高(P0.05),而试验组治疗7天、14天后均明显升高(P0.05),且试验组治疗7天、14天后GCS评分较对照组评分高(P0.05);两组患者治疗7天后血清MMP-9水平降低(P0.05),且试验组血清MMP-9水平较对照组降低(P0.05);两组患者治疗后微循环均有所改善,伤测大脑中动脉收缩峰流速降低(P0.05),试验组改善更为明显,伤测大脑中动脉收缩峰流速降低更为显著(P0.05)。结论:孕酮对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的治疗效果明显,可能与其改善微循环,降低血清MMP-9水平有关。     

奥卡西平与丙戊酸钠对癫痫患者血液学指标、认识功能及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨奥卡西平与丙戊酸钠对癫痫患者血液学指标、认识功能及生活质量的影响。方法:将2015年6月至2017年5月我院接诊的癫痫患者98例纳入本研究,随机分为观察组(n=49)和对照组(n=49),对照组给予丙戊酸钠治疗。观察组给予奥卡西平治疗。比较两组同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、不对称二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)水平、简明精神状态检查量表(MMSE)评分、癫痫患者生活质量量表(QOLIE)评分,并比较两组不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后两组患者Hcy、ADMA水平均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但治疗前和治疗后两组患者Hcy、ADMA水平组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组治疗后MMSE评分高于治疗前和对照组(P0.05);对照组治疗前后MMSE评分对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后QOLIE各项评分高于治疗前(P0.05),观察组治疗后精力/疲乏、认知功能、药物影响等评分以及总评分高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为4.08%,与对照组的10.20%比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:奥卡西平与丙戊酸钠治疗癫痫患者均可升高其Hcy、ADMA水平,无严重不良反应发生,而奥卡西平在改善癫痫患者的认知功能和生活质量等方面优于丙戊酸钠。     

早期肠内营养对急性脑梗死患者肠道菌群结构及营养状态的影响

目的探讨早期肠内营养对急性脑梗死患者肠道菌群结构及营养状态的影响。方法对2018年3月-2019年6月收治的112例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾:均接受常规治疗,有51例未予以早期肠内营养支持,纳入A组;余61例接受早期肠内营养支持治疗,纳入B组。对比治疗前后两组肠道菌群结构变化、营养状态、胃肠道并发症发生率和预后不良发生率。结果治疗后A组肠道菌群Chao1指数、Shannon指数、Bacteroides、Lactobacillus、Bifidobacterium、Faecalibacterium、Enterococcus、Parabacteroides属水平相对丰度均较治疗前下降(均P0.05),B组治疗后各项与治疗前比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),且B组均高于A组(均P0.05);治疗后A组Candida、Escherichia、Streptococcus属水平相对丰度均较治疗前升高(均P0.05),B组治疗后各项与治疗前相比差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),且治疗后B组均低于A组(均P0.05)。治疗前两组血清SAB、TRF、TSF相比差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),治疗后A组各指标均较治疗前下降(均P0.05),B组治疗后与治疗前相比差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后两组营养状态指标比较,B组血清SAB、TRF、TSF均高于A组(均P0.05)。B组胃肠道并发症发生率、不良反应发生率均低于A组(均P0.05)。结论对急性脑梗死患者予以早期肠内营养可改善其肠道菌群结构、营养状态,降低胃肠道并发症和预后不良发生率。     

A型肉毒素与复方倍他米松注射液联用治疗瘢痕疙瘩患者的疗效及安全性研究

目的:分析A型肉毒素与复方倍他米松注射液联用治疗瘢痕疙瘩患者的疗效及安全性。方法:选取2015年1月-2016年8月期间我院收治的90例瘢痕疙瘩患者为研究对象,根据治疗方法将患者随机分为A组、B组和C组各30例。A组给予A型肉毒素治疗,B组给予复方倍他米松注射液治疗,C组给予A型肉毒素联合复方倍他米松注射液治疗。比较三组患者的相关指标改善评分、临床疗效、不良反应发生率和复发率。结果:C组患者体积、痛痒觉、硬度和自我评价的改善评分均高于B组和A组(P0.05),B组的各项指标改善评分和A组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。三组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义,且C组高于B组(P0.05),A组和C组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组不良反应总发生率低于B组和C组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),B组与C组不良反应总发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组和C组治疗后半年、1年瘢痕疙瘩复发率均低于B组(P0.05),但A组和C组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与单独使用A型肉毒素或复方倍他米松注射液相比,A型肉毒素与复方倍他米松注射液联合使用治疗瘢痕疙瘩能显著提高疗效,降低复发率,且不会增加不良反应发生率,安全性较高,值得进一步推广应用。     

乙醇与乙醛对心脏的影响及其可能机制的探讨

通过研究乙醇、乙醛对离体心脏和神经干的影响,探讨乙醇、乙醛对心脏作用的可能机制.用不同浓度的乙醇和乙醛处理牛蛙蛙心灌流标本和坐骨神经标本,用BL-420 系统对给药前后心脏的心率和振幅以及神经干最小刺激强度作记录.乙醇和乙醛可以引起神经兴奋性的改变从而影响神经冲动的传导,而且其影响具有明显的量效依赖关系,低浓度的乙醇和乙醛能使神经的兴奋性增加,高浓度则降低;乙醇对心脏的心率和振幅均有抑制作用,低浓度的乙醛对心脏心率和振幅有促进作用,高浓度的乙醛对心脏造成不可恢复的损伤.乙醇、乙醛对心脏的影响效果不同,但两者均可直接影响及通过神经而间接影响心脏的活动.     

Effects of age and gender on success and death of mountaineers on Mount Everest

Increasing numbers of climbers are attempting Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth. We compiled interview data and computed the probabilities of summiting and of dying as a function of climber age and gender (2211 climbers, spring season) for the period of 1990-2005. Men and women had similar odds of summiting and of dying. However, climbers older than 40 years have reduced odds of summiting, and those older than 60 years have increased odds of dying, especially when descending from the summit. On Mount Everest, phenotypic selection appears blind to gender but favours young mountaineers.     

Effects of diet on biomarkers of exposure and effects, and on oxidative damage

Modification of DNA is believed to be a key step in carcinogenesis, and therefore DNA adducts have been proposed as predictive biomarkers of human cancer. Smoked and grilled foods are important contributors of PAH-DNA adduct levels, while the consumption of flavonoids and other antioxidants seems to decrease the level of DNA adducts. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of each group of foods and of different dietary profiles on the DNA adducts levels and on oxidative damage to DNA. Occupationally exposed men were recruited in Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Bulgaria. Non-occupationally exposed subjects were matched on age and gender to PAH-exposed workers. Three hundred and fifty-six subjects who completed the questionnaire for dietary information and had a measurement of DNA adduct levels and oxidative damage to DNA were included in this study. No food item seemed to be individually associated with markers of exposure or DNA damage. Total DNA adducts levels were significantly higher for subjects who had eaten, in the previous 24 h, smoked or fried food. A Principal Components Analysis was performed to identify groups of subjects with similar dietary profiles: no significant differences in biomarker levels were observed among the groups defined according to dietary profiles. In conclusion, this study did not show any significant association between diet and biomarkers of DNA damage, oxidative damage to DNA and chromosomal aberrations, neither when each food was considered separately, nor when the effect of different dietary profiles was tested. The recent consumption of smoked or fried food was associated with an increase in total DNA adducts levels.     

Thoughts on the origin and nature of life and intelligence on earth

Believing, for good reasons, that our Universe engenders the occurrence of Life, it is probable that Life appeared more than once on young planet Earth. The universality of our genetic code indicates though, that only one line produced a population that was cellular, autopoietic, responsive intelligently (i.e., to its advantage) to its environment, and capable of reproduction. Its evolution took time during which other intermediate or incipient forms of life disappeared. Trying to retrace ab initio the preceding chemical evolution on our young planet, we may not repeat the chemistry which led to our line. One can argue that it may be profitable to attempt to construct artificial life forms using the kind of building blocks that we learned to know through studying the chemistry of our life. Independently, computers are being built, or are planned, which possess memory that can be used appropriately (intelligently), and which to some extent can repair and reproduce themselves. Such Life does not depend on our biochemistry. However, these machines do perform as yet only partly along the lines of our human intelligence which is guided by self-awareness and a sense of individual integrity, and are thereby not equipped to search for Understanding and Self-expression.     

放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用和氮、碳吸收与转运的影响

研究放牧对草地植物生理活动的影响,对于揭示草地放牧演替的生理机制有重要意义.大量研究表明,家畜放牧对牧草光合作用、呼吸作用以及C和N吸收与转运的影响,可以分为生理伤害和生理恢复2个阶段.放牧通过改变草地冠层结构影响牧草光合作用,净光合作用速率短期内迅速下降,随着叶面积指数增加又逐渐上升,呼吸作用有相似的变化趋势.牧草放牧后再生长所需的C和N最初主要来自根系和留茬中的贮藏物质,此后随着牧草生长恢复逐渐由同化作用供给,C代谢与土壤N水平负相关.放牧后牧草生理活动变化与牧草遗传特性、种间竞争、家畜放牧特征、非生物环境等因素密切相关.     

Implications of LCA and LCIA choices on interpretation of results and on decision support

The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment -     

Effect of grafted PEG on liposome size and on compressibility and packing of lipid bilayer

The aim of this study was to elucidate the effect of various mole percentages (0-25 mol%) of 2000 Da polyethylene glycol-disteroylphosphoethanolamine (PEG-DSPE) in the presence or absence of 40 mol% cholesterol and the effect of degree of saturation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) on the size and the lipid bilayer packing of large unilamellar vesicles (LUV). Egg PC (EPC, unsaturated) LUV and fully hydrogenated soy PC (HSPC, saturated) LUV partial specific volume, specific compressibility, size, and packing parameter (PP) of lipids were characterized by measurements of density, ultrasonic velocity, specific turbidity, and dynamic light scattering. Liposome size and specific turbidity decreased with increase in temperature and PEG-DSPE mol%, except at 7+/-2 mol%. At this PEG-DSPE mol%, an anomalous peak in liposome size of 15+/-5 nm was observed. We attribute this effect mainly to the change in the spatial structure of the PEG-DSPE molecule, depending on whether the grafted PEG is in the mushroom or brush configuration. In the mushroom regime, i.e., when the grafted PEG is up to 4 mol% in LUV, the PEG moiety did not affect the additive PP of the lipids in the bilayer, and the PP value of PEG-DSPE is 1.044; while in the brush regime, i.e., when the grafted PEG is higher than 4 mol%, the PP of PEG-DSPE decreases exponentially, reaching the value of 0.487 at 30 mol% of grafted lipopolymer. The specific compressibility and additive PP values for the mixture of matrix lipid (EPC or HSPC), cholesterol, and PEG-DSPE for all liposome compositions investigated reached their maximum at 7+/-2 mol% PEG-DSPE, the concentration of PEG-DSPE at which the highest biological stability of the LUV is achieved.