发酵柚子皮戊糖片球菌的分离及生物学特性分析

目的 从发酵柚子皮中分离具有优良性能的戊糖片球菌。方法 对5株戊糖片球菌分离株（WPPE01、WPPE02、WPPE03、WPPE04和WPPE05）以及标准株CGMCC 1.2695的生物学特性和安全性进行系统分析。结果 WPPE02和WPPE04的耐酸性优于其他菌株,WPPE01和WPPE05的耐胆盐能力优于其他菌株,WPPE01和WPPE03同时具有较强的自聚及粘附能力,WPPE02具有最强的盐耐受能力,WPPE03的耐热性能最强。与其他受试细菌相比,5株戊糖片球菌对单增李斯特菌具有最强的抑制效果,WPPE01和WPPE03对大肠埃希菌的抑制效果显著优于标准株。分离株主要通过置换的方式抑制大肠埃希菌O157:H7对Caco-2细胞的粘附且WPPE02和WPPE03的抑制效果最强。全部戊糖片球菌均对部分抗生素敏感且不具有溶血性。结论 5株从发酵柚子皮中分离的戊糖片球菌具有作为益生菌应用的潜能。     

一株产γ-氨基丁酸的戊糖片球菌分离鉴定及药敏分析

目的 从健康人肠道微生物群中分离功能菌株。方法 从健康人粪便中分离肠道菌株,进行形态学观察、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA测序分析,并对分离的菌株进行耐药特性评估,利用ELISA试剂盒测定发酵液中γ-氨基丁酸的含量。结果 本研究分离得到菌株为革兰阳性球菌,生理生化反应初步判断为片球菌属,16S rDNA测序鉴定为戊糖片球菌（Pediococcus pentosaceus）,该菌株命名为P. pentosaceus WMU002。该菌株对氨苄西林、亚胺培南、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、大环内酯类红霉素、克林霉素和哌拉西林敏感,对丁胺卡那、新生霉素、头孢西丁和甲氧嘧啶耐药。24 h发酵液γ-氨基丁酸含量为4.12μmol/L。结论 从健康人肠道中分离获得的1株产γ-氨基丁酸的P. pentosaceus WMU002菌株可作为人体益生菌制剂候选菌株。     

戊糖片球菌益生效能及其在动物中的应用前景

动物肠道菌群紊乱是引起其消化系统疾病的重要原因。与抗生素相比，益生菌更安全，有良好的发展前景，而且戊糖片球菌本身就是乳酸菌，因此其具体应用过程备受业界关注。为此，文章对戊糖片球菌的作用机制、应用功能等展开了研究，以期为今后的动物生产应用提供参考价值。     

片球菌素pediocin PA-1基因在大肠埃希菌中的融合表达

目的构建编码细菌素pediocin PA-1基因片段的原核表达载体,诱导表达,鉴定表达产物。方法重组DNA技术构建原核表达载体pET32-papA,IPTG诱导表达,用金属亲和层析纯化,并通过SDS-PAGE与Westernblot对表达的重组蛋白进行鉴定。结果双酶切和测序鉴定显示papA片段插入正确,诱导表达后获得分子量为19 kD的融合蛋白,表达量为25%,用金属亲和层析的方法获得纯化的片球菌素pediocin PA-1。结论papA基因片段编码的蛋白质能在原核细胞中正确表达,为下一步研究该功能域的生物活性奠定了基础。     

戊糖片球菌368对猪生长性能、粪菌结构和代谢产物的影响

[背景]随着"禁抗令"的推行,如何寻找安全的抗生素替代品迫在眉睫.[目的]研究戊糖片球菌368对育肥猪的影响.[方法]选用20头育肥猪,随机分为2组,每组2个重复,每个重复5头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+戊糖片球菌368(1010CFU/kg),试验期28 d.[结果]试验期内,试验组和对照组的平均日增重...     

酒酒球菌(Oenococcus oeni)胁迫适应性反应机制

苹果酸-乳酸发酵有利于提高葡萄酒品质,为了获得高活性的直投式酒酒球菌发酵制剂,从生理和分子生物学的角度理解该菌种胁迫耐受性增强的机制是必要的.本文就酒酒球菌利用苹果酸-乳酸发酵和膜结合的H -F0F1-ATP酶以维持细胞内环境的稳定和能量供给;胁迫适应过程中细胞膜组分的调整;小热休克蛋白Lo18等胁迫蛋白及其相应的基因的表达和调控等方面进行了综述.胁迫适应性反应机制的研究对发酵剂菌株的筛选、发酵剂的制备及其他工程菌株的构建具有重要意义.     

热耐受机制

热耐受机制郭兴中（第二军医大学病理生理教研室,上海２００４３３）关键词热休克蛋白,翻译,前体ｍＲＮＡ剪接对有机体在细胞水平上对不利环境反应的研究多数集中在热休克反应,它以热休克基因的表达,热休克蛋白（Ｈｓｐｓ）合成的短暂、迅速、大量增加及正常基因表达...     

酸适应对一株乳酸乳球菌膜脂肪酸组成和膜蛋白表达的影响

[目的]筛选具有较强酸适应能力的菌株,研究酸适应对其膜脂肪酸组成和膜蛋白表达的影响.[方法]从20株菌中筛选出一株具有较强酸适应能力的乳酸乳球菌KLDS4.0312,以GC-MS法测定该菌酸适应前后膜脂肪酸组成变化;对酸适应前后该菌膜蛋白的差异表达进行双向电泳分析.[结果]酸适应后,该菌膜不饱和脂肪酸含量从30.77%上升到42.93%,饱和脂肪酸含量从69.23%下降到57.07%,且有一种新的长链单不饱和脂肪酸C<,19:1>-n6被诱导产生.酸适应过程中至少有65个蛋白质点表达出现显著差异,其中上调的蛋白质点有43个,减弱表达的蛋白质点有22个.而添加氯霉素后,菌株的酸适应能力消除,可能与氯霉素抑制新蛋白的合成有关.[结论]说明细胞膜脂肪酸组成的适应性改变和应激蛋白的诱导产生是该菌主要的酸适应机制.     

EGCG对热应激巴马香猪肠道热休克蛋白以及肠道屏障相关基因表达的影响

本研究旨在探究表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(epigallocatechin gallate, EGCG)对于热应激巴马香猪小肠中热休克蛋白(heat shock proteins,HSPs)、紧密连接蛋白(tight junction proteins,TJPs)和Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR-4)等基因表达的影响。25头平均体重为(34.28±1.19)kg的8月龄雄性巴马香猪被随机分成5个处理组,包括TN组(22℃,自由采食)、 PF组(22℃,采食量配对)、 HS0组(35℃,自由采食)、 HS250组(35℃,自由采食+0.025%EGCG)和HS500组(35℃,自由采食+0.05%EGCG)。预实验7 d,正式实验28 d。实验结束后进行屠宰并采集小肠组织样品,检测各组小肠中HSPs、TJPs和TLR-4基因的表达。结果表明：(1)热应激显著增加了小肠中热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70,HSP70)和热休克蛋白90(heat shock protein 90,HSP90)基因的表达量,而添加EGCG均显著降低了它...     

热应激对大鼠睾丸HSPs mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察和分析大鼠睾丸局部短暂热应激对HSP70、HSP90、HSP105 mRNA表达的影响。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为5组:正常对照(N)组、热应激0天(H0)组、热应激5天(H5)组、热应激10天(H10)组、热应激15天(H15)组。N组睾丸局部22℃水浴20 min,其余各组均睾丸局部43℃水浴20 min。采用HE染色观察组织形态学变化,采用Real Time PCR的方法检测HSP70、HSP90、HSP105 mRNA的表达量。结果:HE染色镜下观察结果显示:与N组相比,H5组部分曲细精管萎缩,生精细胞明显消失,H10组、H15组大部分曲细精管萎缩,生精细胞大量消失。HE染色形态计量结果显示:与N组相比,H5组、H10组、H15组睾丸实质体积比明显减小(p0.05),睾丸间质体积比明显增加(P0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示:与N组相比,H0组HSP70 m RNA的表达H0组明显增高(p0.05),H5组、H10组、H15组HSP90 m RNA的表达明显降低(P0.05),H5组HSP105 m RNA的表达明显降低(P0.05)。结论:HSP70、HSP90、HSP105 m RNA的表达在热应激后都会发生变化,变化的具体情况不尽相同,推测它们热应激后在生殖细胞凋亡过程中发挥不同的作用有关,并且和组织的损伤有密切的联系。     

Heat adaptation from regular hot water immersion decreases proinflammatory responses,HSP70 expression,and physical heat stress

Hot-water immersion (HWI) is a type of thermal therapy for treating various diseases. In our study, the physiological responses to occasional and regular HWI have been explored. The rats were divided into a control group, occasional group (1D), and regular group (7D). The 1D and 7D groups received 42 °C during 15 mins HWI for 1 and 7 days, respectively. The blood samples were collected for proinflammatory cytokines examinations, the heart, liver and kidney were excised for subsequent IHC analysis to measure the level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The results revealed that the body temperature increased significantly during HWI on Day 3 and significantly declined on Days 6 and 7. For the 7D group, body weight, heart rate, hematocrit, platelet, osmolarity, and lactate level were lower than those in the 1D group. Furthermore, the levels of granulocyte counts, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 were lower in the 7D group than in the 1D group. The induction of HSP70 in the 1D group was higher than in the other groups. Physiological responses to occasional HWI are disadvantageous because of heat stress. However, adaptation to heat from regular HWI resulted in decreased proinflammatory responses and physical heat stress.     

Development of the embryonic heat shock response and the impact of repeated thermal stress in early stage lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos

Lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) embryos were exposed to thermal stress (TS) at different developmental stages to determine when the heat shock response (HSR) can be initiated and if it is altered by exposure to repeated TS. First, embryos were subject to one of three different TS temperatures (6, 9, or 12 °C above control) at 4 points in development (21, 38, 60 and 70 days post-fertilisation (dpf)) for 2 h followed by a 2 h recovery to understand the ontogeny of the HSR. A second experiment explored the effects of repeated TS on the HSR in embryos from 15 to 75 dpf. Embryos were subjected to one of two TS regimes; +6 °C TS for 1 h every 6 days or +9 °C TS for 1 h every 6 days. Following a 2 h recovery, a subset of embryos was sampled. Our results show that embryos could initiate a HSR via upregulation of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA at all developmental ages studied, but that this response varied with age and was only observed with a TS of +9 or +12 °C. In comparison, when embryos received multiple TS treatments, hsp70 was not induced in response to the 1 h TS and 2 h recovery, and a downregulation was observed at 39 dpf. Downregulation of hsp47 and hsp90α mRNA was also observed in early age embryos. Collectively, these data suggest that embryos are capable of initiating a HSR at early age and throughout embryogenesis, but that repeated TS can alter the HSR, and may result in either reduced responsiveness or a downregulation of inducible hsps. Our findings warrant further investigation into both the short- and long-term effects of repeated TS on lake whitefish development.     

Polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance the heat induced stress response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) leukocytes

The heat shock response has been studied extensively, yet the molecular signals that trigger the response remain elusive. The dogma of the heat shock response contends that denatured proteins initiate the response, but evidence is accumulating to point to a more complex system in which at least more than one signal is involved in this process. Thermal stress initiates changes in cellular phospholipid membrane physical state, which when acted upon by phospholipases may release lipid mediators that could serve as triggering signals during the heat shock response. We have examined the heat shock response in freshly isolated leukocytes from the pronephros of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this study, we show that leukocytes isolated from rainbow trout acclimated to 5 or 19°C express elevated levels of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA when heat shocked at 5°C above their respective acclimation temperature and supplementation with exogenous docosahexaenoic acid or arachidonic acid followed by heat shock enhanced levels of hsp70 mRNA. The time course for docosahexaenoic acid induced enhancement of hsp70 mRNA was accelerated compared with heat shock alone, and staurosporine inhibited the docosahexaenoic acid induced increase of hsp70 mRNA. We also provide evidence that phospholipase A₂ is involved in the heat shock response.     

Cellular stress response and pulmonary inflammation

Innate immunity as the first line of the immune system, provides initial protection against various pathogens and infections. Recent studies suggest a link between cell stress response and immune response upon exogenous insults in the lung. The key proteins in cellular stress responses were demonstrated to be involved in the activation and regulation of the immune signaling pathways. Further research on the function of these stress proteins in innate immunity defenses, particularly in pulmonary diseases and inflammation may help to clarify the disease pathogenesis and provide potential therapeutic treatments for various infectious and inflammatory lung diseases.     

Ultrastructural stability under high temperature or intensive light stress conferred by a small heat shock protein in cyanobacteria

The role and sub-cellular localization of the small heat shock protein HspA under stress conditions was investigated comparing the cyanobacterium Synechococcus strain ECT16-1, which constitutively expresses HspA, with the reference strain ECT. The ultrastructure of ECT cells under elevated temperature or intensive light stress exhibited severe damage including aggregation of cytosol and disordered thylakoid membranes, but in ECT16-1 cells these ultrastructural changes were much less conspicuous. Immunocytochemical studies showed that the main localization of HspA in the ECT16-1 cells shifted from the thylakoid area to the cytoplasm, then back to thylakoid area during the heat stress. Expression of HspA stabilized the morphology of nucleoids. The results are discussed, in particular with respect to the unique property of HspA to associate with thylakoid membranes.     

A heat shock protein 90 inhibitor that modulates the immunophilins and regulates hormone receptors without inducing the heat shock response

When a cell encounters external stressors, such as lack of nutrients, elevated temperatures, changes in pH or other stressful environments, a key set of evolutionarily conserved proteins, the heat shock proteins (hsps), become overexpressed. Hsps are classified into six major families with the hsp90 family being the best understood; an increase in cell stress leads to increased levels of hsp90, which leads to cellular protection. A hallmark of hsp90 inhibitors is that they induce a cell rescue mechanism, the heat shock response. We define the unique molecular profile of a compound (SM145) that regulates hormone receptor protein levels through hsp90 inhibition without inducing the heat shock response. Modulation of the binding event between heat shock protein 90 and the immunophilins/homologs using SM145, leads to a decrease in hormone receptor protein levels. Unlike N-terminal hsp90 inhibitors, this hsp90 inhibitor does not induce a heat shock response. This work is proof of principle that controlling hormone receptor expression can occur by inhibiting hsp90 without inducing pro-survival protein heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) or other proteins associated with the heat shock response. Innovatively, we show that blocking the heat shock response, in addition to hsp90, is key to regulating hsp90-associated pathways.