金双歧预防国内婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻的Meta分析

目的系统评价金双歧对国内婴幼儿抗生素相关性腹泻(ADD)的预防作用及安全性。方法计算机联机检索Cochrane图书馆、Em Base、Pub Med、CNKI、CBM、Medline、VIP、万方数据库(各数据库检索时间为创建至2014年10月)中关于金双歧预防ADD的随机对照试验(RCT),用Rev Man 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果共纳入14篇RCT,包括1 638例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,金双歧预防婴幼儿ADD效果优于对照组[RR=0.41,95%CI(0.35,0.47),P0.00001]。结论基于现有临床证据,金双歧预防ADD有效,安全性高。但由于纳入研究数量较少,研究质量不统一,本结论尚需要更多大样本、高质量临床RCT予以证实。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病的中文文献Meta分析

目的系统评价乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)的疗效及安全性。方法计算机联机检索CNKI、VIP、万方数据库(各数据库检索时间为创建至2014年12月)中关于乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗VVC的随机对照试验(RCT),用RevMan 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果共纳入18篇RCT,包括2 405例患者。Meta分析结果显示,乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗VVC效果优于对照组[OR=2.43,95%CI(1.98,2.98),P0.000 01]。结论基于现有临床证据,乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗VVC有效,安全性高。但由于纳入研究数量较少,研究质量不统一,本结论尚需要更多大样本、高质量临床RCT予以证实。     

布拉酵母菌补充三联疗法根除儿童幽门螺杆菌的疗效: 随机对照试验的Meta分析

目的探讨补充布拉酵母菌的三联疗法对儿童幽门螺杆菌根除率和治疗相关副作用的疗效。方法电子检索数据库,包括CNKI、VIP、WanFang、Embase、The Cochrane Library和PubMed。搜集布拉酵母菌补充三联疗法治疗儿童幽门螺杆菌感染的随机对照试验(RCT)。检索时间从建库到2019年8月。两名研究者独自完成文献筛选、提取资料和质量评价。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6项研究,计1 114例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,布拉酵母菌组与对照组相比,可提高幽门螺杆菌根除率[OR=2.02,95%CI(1.48,2.76),P0.001]。补充布拉酵母菌显著降低了腹泻[OR=0.42,95%CI(0.29,0.60),P0.001]、便秘[OR=0.35,95%CI(0.23,0.52),P0.001]、口腔炎[OR=0.24,95%CI(0.13,0.43),P0.001]等的发生率。两组研究资料在恶心、呕吐、腹痛发生率方面差异均无统计学意义。结论现有证据表明,布拉酵母菌作为三联疗法的辅助手段,可以提高幽门螺杆菌的根除率,并减少儿童治疗相关腹泻、便秘、口腔炎的发生率。但受纳入样本量和质量限制,需进一步开展大规模高质量随机对照试验加以验证。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊降低外阴阴道念珠菌病复发的中文文献Meta分析

目的系统评价乳酸菌阴道胶囊降低外阴阴道念珠菌病(VVC)复发的疗效及安全性。方法计算机联机检索Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、VIP、万方数据库(各数据库检索时间为创建至2014年12月)中关于乳酸菌阴道胶囊降低VVC复发的随机对照试验(RCT),用RevMan 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果共纳入18篇RCT,包括2 450例患者。Meta分析结果显示,乳酸菌阴道胶囊降低VVC复发的效果优于对照组[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.28,0.41),P0.000 01]。结论基于现有临床证据,乳酸菌阴道胶囊降低VVC复发有效,安全性高。但由于纳入研究数量较少,研究质量不统一,本结论尚需要更多大样本、高质量临床RCT予以证实。     

布拉酵母菌辅助治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价布拉酵母菌辅助治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS-D)的有效性。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、维普中文期刊数据库和万方数据库,时限为建库至2020年2月。由2位研究人员按纳入、排除标准筛选文献,提取数据,评价纳入文献的方法学质量。研究主要结果为总症状改善人数,次要结果为症状总积分及腹痛、腹胀、腹泻情况。采用RevMan 5.3统计学软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入13篇RCT文献(n=1 320),Meta分析结果显示,使用布拉酵母菌辅助治疗IBS-D可提高患者治疗效果[RR=1.24,95%CI(1.18,1.31),P0.01],降低总症状积分[SMD=-0.98,95%CI(-1.21,-0.74),P0.01],改善患者腹痛[SMD=-0.79,95%CI(-1.02,-0.57),P0.01]、腹泻[SMD=-0.80,95%CI(-1.02,-0.58),P0.01]和腹胀[SMD=-0.97,95%CI(-1.02,-0.57),P0.01]状况。结论布拉酵母菌可以辅助治疗IBS-D,改善患者症状,但仍需更多高质量研究验证。     

阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的Meta分析

目的系统评价阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(RVVC)的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed及Cochrane等数据库(检索时间为各数据库创建时间至2018年1月),纳入关于阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的临床随机对照试验(RCT),采用RevMan 5.3软件对相关研究进行Meta分析。结果共纳入32篇RCT,包括3 635例患者,结果显示:阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的痊愈率优于单纯抗菌药物[P0.001,OR=2.15,95%CI(1.81,2.54)],总有效率高[P0.001,OR=3.26,95%CI (2.5,4.26)],复发率低[P0.001,OR=0.19,95%CI (0.15,0.25)],不良反应发生率低,Begg′s检验表明纳入的RCT研究无发表偏倚(P=0.1020.05)。结论基于现有临床证据,阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC疗效优于单纯抗菌药物,可有效改善临床症状,减少疾病发作次数,安全性高,不良反应发生率低,值得临床推广使用。     

国内益生菌制剂预防新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎的Meta分析

目的系统评价益生菌制剂在预防新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)的临床效果。方法计算机联机检索数据库,应用RevMan 5.3软件,对益生菌制剂治疗预防NEC的随机对照试验(RCT)所收集的数据资料进行Meta分析。结果纳入9篇RCT文献中包涵2 058例新生儿,对预防NEC的发生率进行Meta分析。结果显示益生菌制剂预防NEC的效果优于对照组[OR=0.20,95%CI(0.12,0.33),P0.000 01]。结论给予益生菌制剂治疗,可降低NEC的发生率。     

布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的Meta分析

目的系统评价布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的疗效和安全性。方法在万方数据知识平台、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane图书馆等中检索布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的相关文献,并追索已纳入的参考文献。对文献进行评价与资料提取,使用Stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入12篇文献,共1 233例患儿(626例为试验组,607例为对照组),7篇文献采用止泻时间进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够缩短小儿轮状病毒肠炎腹泻时间[SMD=-0.73,95%CI(-1.05,-0.41),I~2=75.7%];5篇文献以住院时间进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够缩短小儿轮状病毒肠炎的住院时间[SMD=-0.99,95%CI(-1.24,-0.74),I~2=56.5%];10篇文献以总有效率进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够提高小儿轮状病毒肠炎的总有效率[RR=1.26,95%CI(1.19, 1.34),I~2=26.2%];仅有1篇文献报道了轻微的不良反应。结论布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎疗效显著,且不良反应轻微,值得临床推广应用。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗 外阴阴道念珠菌病的中文文献Meta分析

摘要：目的 系统评价乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病（VVC）的疗效及安全性。方法 计算机联机检索Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、VIP、万方数据库（各数据库检索时间为创建至2014年12月）中关于乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗VVC的随机对照试验（RCT）,用RevMan 5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入18篇RCT,包括2 405例患者。Meta分析结果显示,乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗VVC效果优于对照组[RR=2.43,95%CI（1.98,2.98）,P<0.00001]。结论 基于现有临床证据,乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗VVC有效,安全性高。但由于纳入研究数量较少,研究质量不统一,本结论尚需要更多大样本、高质量临床RCT予以证实。     

布拉酵母菌制剂辅助治疗艰难拟梭菌相关腹泻有效性和安全性的系统评价

目的 评估布拉酵母菌（Saccharomyces boulardii,S. boulardii）制剂辅助治疗艰难拟梭菌相关腹泻（Clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea,CDAD）的有效性和安全性。方法 首先通过计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库中发表的有关布拉酵母菌治疗CDAD的临床随机对照试验;然后按照纳入及排除标准进行文献筛选、质量评价和数据提取,并根据干预措施的不同将纳入研究对象分为试验组（抗生素联合口服布拉酵母菌制剂治疗）和对照组（抗生素联用或不联用安慰剂治疗）,利用Review Manager 5.4软件对符合纳入标准的文献进行Meta分析,最后利用Stata 12.0软件对纳入文献各结局指标的发表偏倚进行定量评估。结果 共纳入9篇文献,包含2 036例研究对象。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组患者CDAD的整体患病率降低,差异有统计学意义（RR=0.47,95%CI:0.27～0.81,P=0.007）。亚组分析发现...     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.