含益生菌四联疗法根治顽固性幽门螺杆菌感染的疗效观察

目的 探讨含益生菌四联疗法根治顽固性幽门螺杆菌感染(H.pylori)的疗效.方法 经标准三联疗法根治失败的顽固性幽门螺杆菌感染患者180例,随机分为6组:A组(含双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片四联疗法):雷贝拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素+双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片;B组(伴同疗法):雷贝拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素+呋喃唑酮;C组(标准四联疗法):雷贝拉唑+阿莫西林+克拉霉素+胶体果胶铋.疗程均为7d.同样分组方案A1组、B1组、C1组,疗程14d.治疗前后查肝肾功及三大常规,观察药物不良反应.1个月后复查胃镜并作快速尿素酶实验及14C呼吸实验(14C-UBT),观察H.pylori根除情况.结果 含双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片四联疗法根除率7d为76.7％,与其他两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),无任何不良反应发生;14 d为90.0％,与其他两组比较差异也无统计学意义(P＞0.05),各组均优于7天组(P ＜0.05);14天组不良反应发生率为6.67％,7天及14天组不良反应均低于其他相应各组.结论 含双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片四联疗法根治顽固性幽门螺杆菌感染的疗效与标准四联及伴同疗法相当,但不良反应较少,可以值得推广.     

益生菌提高幽门螺杆菌根除率的随机对照双盲试验

目的了解益生菌制剂(双歧三联杆菌活检胶囊)增加标准四联根除幽门螺旋杆菌(H.pylori)方案的临床疗效及其对根除H.pylori过程的不良反应的改善情况。方法对H.pylori阳性患者采用随机双盲试验,随机分为益生菌组:埃索美拉唑钠肠溶片20mg+果胶铋200mg(2次/d,餐前0.5h)+阿莫西林1 000mg+克拉霉素500mg(2次/d,餐后即服)+益生菌(培菲康,双歧三联杆菌活菌胶囊)420mg(3次/d,与抗生素间隔2h以上);150例患者纳入安慰剂组:标准四联(同上)+安慰剂,各方案疗程均为14d,治疗结束并所用药物停药后4周对患者进行13 C呼气试验(13 C-UBT)检查,了解H.pylori根除率,治疗期间第7、14、30天对患者进行随访观察了解不良反应情况。结果 ITT分析益生菌组H.pylori根除率为85.6%,安慰剂组为75.1%;PP分析益生菌组H.pylori根除率为87.4%,安慰剂组为76.7%;益生菌组较安慰剂组不良反应发生率下降。结论联合应用益生菌制剂可提高H.pylori根除率且对治疗过程中不良反应有明显改善作用。     

微生态制剂联合四联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌的疗效

目的研究微生态制剂联合四联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)的疗效和患者不良反应发生率。方法选择150例于我院住院并诊断为慢性胃炎且~(14)C呼气试验阳性的患者为研究对象,依据根除H.pylori方案的不同分为A组、B组和C组。A组患者给予泮托拉唑钠肠溶胶囊联合丽珠维三联。B组患者在A组的基础上加用双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片。C组患者在B组的治疗基础上加用乳果糖口服液。分析3组患者H.pylori根除率、不良反应发生率的差异。结果治疗结束后A组患者H.pylori根除率为70.95%,B组为88.00%,C组为89.47%。B组和C组患者的根除率均高于A组(均P0.05),但B组和C组的根除率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.047,P=0.829)。A组患者不良反应发生率为22.58%,B组为8.00%,C组为10.53%。B组患者不良反应发生率显著低于A组(χ~2=4.362,P=0.037),但B组与C组比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.167,P=0.683)。结论微生态制剂联合四联疗法能显著提升患者H.pylori的根除率,患者不良反应较少,但益生菌+益生元联合四联疗法与单纯益生菌联合四联疗法相比,未能体现出优势。     

枳术宽中胶囊联合益生菌对 老年幽门螺杆菌阳性慢性萎缩性胃炎患者的疗效

目的探讨枳术宽中胶囊联合益生菌对老年幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)阳性慢性萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)患者的临床疗效。方法将80例H.pylori阳性的老年慢性萎缩性胃炎患者随机分为2组,各40例。其中对照组患者给予包含雷贝拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素和胶体果胶铋的标准四联疗法治疗。观察组患者将四联疗法中的胶体果胶铋替代为枳术宽中胶囊,并在此基础上加用益生菌。7天为1个疗程,全部患者治疗2个疗程。停药1个月后比较两组患者治疗前后临床症状缓解率、H.pylori根除率、不良反应发生率等情况。结果治疗后两组患者病情均有所改善,但与对照组相比,观察组患者的症状缓解率及H.pylori根除率较高,不良反应发生率较低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论枳术宽中胶囊联合益生菌可明显缓解老年CAG患者的临床症状,提高幽门螺杆菌的根除率,同时减轻患者不良反应发生率,对临床治疗CAG具有指导性意义。     

黄连素四联方案补救治疗幽门螺杆菌感染的有效性和安全性

目的:探索黄连素四联方案用于幽门螺杆菌感染根除失败患者补救治疗的有效性及安全性。方法:将经四联方案初次根除治疗失败并自愿接受补救治疗的130例患者按纳入顺序,以1:1的比例分配治疗,随机接受14天黄连素四联(埃索美拉唑20mg+胶体果胶铋200 mg+阿莫西林1000 mg,2/d+黄连素300 mg 3/d)或四环素四联(埃索美拉唑20 mg+胶体果胶铋200 mg+四环素750 mg+呋喃唑酮100 mg,2/d)方案的治疗。所有患者均于治疗14天及治疗结束至少28天后随诊,详细记录患者症状及不良反应情况。治疗结束至少28天后进行13C尿素呼气试验来判断幽门螺杆菌根除情况。结果:65例接受黄连素四联根除治疗,65例接受四环素四联方案治疗。两组分别有6例和4例患者因不良反应服药依从性小于80%,其余患者均完成了14天的治疗。黄连素组和四环素组的幽门螺杆菌根除率ITT分析分别为76.9%(50/65)和81.5%(53/65),P=0.520;PP分析分别为84.7%(50/59)和86.9%(53/61),P=0.739。黄连素组和四环素组不良事件总体发生率分别为49.2%和41.5%,P=0.370。结论:黄连素四联疗法用于幽门螺杆菌感染的二次根除治疗,根除率较高,未明显增加不良事件发生率,是有效及安全的补救治疗方案。     

微生态制剂在儿童幽门螺杆菌根除治疗中 应用效果的Meta分析

目的系统评价微生态制剂联合标准三联疗法或贯序疗法在儿童幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)治疗中应用的临床疗效及其对治疗中抗生素相关不良反应发生的改善情况。方法计算机检索CNKI、VIP、Wan Fang Data、Pub Med、Web of science和The Cochrane Library数据库,搜集国内外公开发表的关于微生态制剂在治疗儿童H.pylori感染中应用的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均为从建库至2017年10月,同时人工检索相关文献的参考文献,以补充获取研究文献。由2位研究员独立筛选文献、提取数据并对纳入研究进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入17个RCT,共2 033例H.pylori阳性的儿童患者。Meta分析结果显示,微生态制剂+标准三联或贯序疗法vs标准三联或贯序疗法:微生态制剂+标准三联或贯序疗法在儿童H.pylori根除率方面优于对照组[OR=2.66,95%CI(2.09,3.40),P0.00001];总不良反应发生率明显低于对照组[OR=0.28,95%CI(0.21,0.37),P0.00001],差异均有统计学意义。微生态制剂+标准三联或贯序疗法组的恶心呕吐(P0.001)、腹痛(P=0.015)、腹泻(P0.001)、便秘(P=0.023)、纳差(P0.001)、味觉障碍或口腔炎(P0.001)发生率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论与标准三联或贯序疗法相比,微生态制剂+标准三联或贯序疗法安全、有效,能提高儿童H.pylori的根除率,降低H.pylori治疗中抗生素相关不良反应的发生。受纳入研究质量的限制,上述结论尚需开展高质量的RCT进一步验证。     

中西药联合在根除幽门螺杆菌治疗中的作用

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染是很多消化系统疾病的主要病因之一,因此根除H.pylori就显得至关重要。从1999年至今,我国共颁布了5次H.pylori感染共识,根除H.pylori方案经过不断改进,从最初的PPI/RBC+2种抗生素的标准三联方案到目前第五次H.pylori感染共识推出的含铋剂四联方案,我国学者在根除H.pylori方面做了很大的努力。但目前的含铋剂四联方案仍有不足之处,抗生素的耐药问题严重影响了H.pylori的根除率,加之再感染率有上升趋势,故H.pylori的根除治疗还面临着许多困惑。所以人们开始将目光集中到了联合中药治疗上面。已有研究证实,某些中药不仅在体外有抑菌作用,而且与PPI、抗生素联合应用能明显提高H.pylori的根除率,减少药物不良反应,并减少抗生素耐药的发生。本文将近年来中西药联合根除H.pylori的相关文献作一综述,为临床用药提供参考。     

二联方案在幽门螺杆菌根除治疗中的应用进展

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)在世界范围内感染率高,随着H.pylori对常用抗生素的耐药率逐渐增加,高效的经验性治疗方案亟待探索。新近Maastricht V/Florence共识及我国第五次幽门螺杆菌感染处理共识均推荐含铋剂四联方案可作为一线治疗方案。但是,四联方案存在用药多、药物不良反应多、患者依从性差、部分老年人及肝、肾功能不全的患者无法耐受等缺点。近年来多项研究显示高剂量阿莫西林联合质子泵抑制剂(proton pump inhibitor,PPI)的二联方案与含铋剂四联方案的疗效相近,但用药少,不良反应少,患者依从性更高,有可能成为经验性的一线治疗方案,或成为一线、二线治疗失败后的补救方案。本文就二联方案在H.pylori根除治疗中的应用进展作一综述。     

培菲康辅助治疗老年消化性溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌感染疗效观察及护理体会

目的探讨培菲康辅助联合铋剂四联方案治疗老年消化性溃疡幽门螺杆菌感染的临床疗效及护理措施。方法选取2013年9月至2014年8月来绍兴市第六人民医院就诊的老年消化性溃疡患者68例,将其随机分为微生态组和对照组各34例,对照组采用铋剂四联方案进行治疗,微生态组在铋剂四联方案的基础上加服培菲康,治疗后对两组患者的溃疡愈合效果、幽门螺杆菌清除率及不良反应情况进行对比。结果微生态组溃疡愈合的总有效率为88.23%,明显高于对照组的79.40%(P0.05);微生态组幽门螺杆菌清除率为91.17%,明显高于对照组的76.50%(P0.05);两组患者不良反应情况对比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论培菲康辅助治疗老年幽门螺杆菌感染疗效显著,无明显不良反应,值得临床推广。同时,合理的护理措施有助于患者病情控制,提高预后。     

益生菌对腹痛儿童幽门螺杆菌根除的影响

目的观察微生态制剂金双歧(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌三联活茵片)对腹痛儿童幽门螺杆菌根除治疗的影响。方法将54例幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)阳性的腹痛儿童随机分成A组(奥美拉唑、克拉霉素、阿莫西林三联疗法)和B组(金双歧联用三联疗法),疗程均为2周,治疗结束4周后复查13C-尿素呼气试验,统计患儿治疗期间的不良反应。结果 A、B两组根除根除率分别为74.3%和88.8%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组胃肠道不良反应明显少于A组(P<0.01)。结论微生态制剂不能显著增加腹痛儿童幽门螺杆菌根除率,但降低三联根除疗法的胃肠道不良反应。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.