荧光染色法和KOH湿片法在诊断浅部真菌感染中的效果比较

目的探讨荧光染色法在浅部真菌镜检中的应用价值。方法收集100例皮肤科门诊疑似真菌感染的患者标本,分别运用荧光染色法和KOH湿片法对这些标本进行检测,并对检测结果进行比较。结果荧光染色法共检出56例真菌阳性,而KOH湿片法只有39例阳性。荧光染色法的阳性检出率明显高于KOH湿片法(χ2=5.79,P0.05)。结论荧光染色法是一种快速、准确的真菌检测方法,值得在皮肤科对真菌感染早期诊断的推广使用。     

CFW荧光染色法在甲真菌病诊断中的应用研究

目的评估CFW(Calcofluor white)荧光染色法诊断甲真菌病的阳性率、准确性和效率。方法临床怀疑甲真菌病患者的病甲,同时进行10%KOH溶液湿片法镜检、真菌培养和CFW荧光染色法镜检,计算各自真菌检出阳性率,并统计CFW法与KOH镜检法或真菌培养的差异,比较KOH与CFW镜下特点。结果共入组100例拟诊为甲真菌病患者。CFW法镜检阳性率64%,KOH法镜检阳性率63%,真菌培养阳性率31%。CFW法与KOH法镜检阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);CFW法镜检与真菌培养阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。但CFW制片比KOH更加简单、快速,镜下显示的真菌更清晰易辨。结论 CFW荧光染色法是一种方便、快速、准确性较高的诊断方法,可以提高甲真菌病诊断的准确性和效率。     

芝加哥天蓝法在甲屑真菌检测中效果的评估

目的探讨芝加哥天蓝染色法对甲真菌病患者标本检测效果。方法收集皮肤科门诊确诊的甲真菌感染患者标本160例,同时用KOH湿片法、荧光染色法和芝加哥天蓝染色法对真菌进行镜下形态学观察,并比较真菌检出率。结果芝加哥天蓝染色法和荧光染色法对真菌的形态结构清晰易辨。芝加哥天蓝染色法、荧光染色法和KOH湿片法的检出率分别为60.6%、68.5%、47.5%;荧光染色法与芝加哥天蓝染色法的检出率结果比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.176 2,P=0.674 0),芝加哥天蓝染色法和荧光染色法与KOH湿片法的结果比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=102.012 9,P0.000 1;χ~2=57.010 3,P0.000 1)。结论如实验室没有荧光显微镜,芝加哥天蓝染色法检测甲真菌病患者标本效果较好。     

荧光染色法和传统KOH湿片法在甲真菌病诊断中的应用比较

目的探讨真菌荧光染色法与传统KOH湿片法在临床甲真菌镜检中的应用效果。方法选择2017年6月至2018年4月我院600例皮肤科门诊就诊疑似真菌感染患者指(趾)甲镜检标本,分别运用荧光染色法和KOH湿片法对这些标本进行检测,记录实验数据,并对检测结果进行比较。结果荧光染色法检测阳性为418例,阳性率为70%,其中指甲阳性130例,趾甲阳性288例。KOH湿片法检测阳性为354例,阳性率为59%,其中指甲97例,趾甲257例。指甲(χ²=8.816,P=0.003)、趾甲(χ²=7.884,P=0.005)及总阳性率(χ²=14.876,P<0.001)在两种方法中差异均有统计学意义。结论在对指(趾)甲真菌感染的诊断中,荧光染色法的阳性检出率明显高于KOH湿片法,是一种快速、准确的真菌镜检方法,值得临床推广使用。     

荧光染色法、双重荧光染色法与KOH湿片法在甲真菌诊断中的比较研究

正甲真菌病由真菌感染甲板和甲床引起,以趾甲受累居多,约占皮肤科门诊足病患者的15.7%~([1])。目前皮肤科常用的实验室检查方法为氢氧化钾(KOH)直接涂片镜检和真菌培养法,但阳性率均不高。荧光染料通过与真菌细胞壁几丁质等多糖结合,在紫外光的激发下发出蓝绿色荧光。诸多研究表明荧光染色法的阳性率高于KOH湿片法~([2-5])。本研究用两种真菌荧光染色法(双重荧光染色法,荧光染色法)分别与20%KOH湿片法比较在甲真菌病检测中的阳性率、工作效率及难易程度。     

荧光染色法与KOH湿片法在真菌直接镜检中的应用比较

目的探索一种结果更可靠的真菌直接镜检方法。方法对600例临床高度疑似真菌感染的标本分别采用荧光染色法和KOH湿片法进行真菌直接镜检。结果荧光染色法和KOH湿片法的真菌检出率分别为97%和88.5%。结论荧光染色法是一种适合临床的、快速有效的真菌镜检方法。     

改良芝加哥天蓝染色法在甲真菌检测中的应用

正甲真菌病是皮肤科常见的疾病之一,多数甲真病患者病情顽固,易交叉感染和复发,需要长期治疗,因此明确诊断尤其重要。直接镜检法及培养法为临床常用的真菌检查方法,培养法费时费力。镜检法主要有KOH湿片镜检和荧光镜检,KOH湿片镜检法因操作简单快捷、成本低廉,为实验室普遍采用,但该法阳性率不高[1-2]。荧光染色法检出率较高但需要荧光显微镜[3-4]。芝加哥天蓝染色法检测文献报道不多[5],本试验通过改良芝加哥天蓝染色法(即芝加哥天蓝甘油染色法)     

莱芙特敏荧光染色法、Baso荧光染色法与KOH湿片法在诊断浅部真菌病的应用对比

正浅部真菌病包括手足癣、体股癣、甲真菌病、花斑糠疹和头癣等,目前最常用的诊断技术是KOH湿片法,其具有经济简便等特点,但易受标本中的杂质如油脂、纤维、气泡等干扰,依赖检查人员的主观判断,易造成误差[1-2]。近年来真菌荧光染色技术在各大医院推广,从最初需加A、B液两步法到一步法的改进,荧光染色液的种类也不断增多,我院皮肤科真菌实验室使用莱芙特敏荧光染色法、Baso荧光染色法和KOH湿片法同时对200份标本进行真菌直接镜检,探讨两种荧光染液染色法镜     

马拉色菌病误诊为痤疮、湿疹2例分析CSCD

报道2例马拉色菌感染引起的毛囊炎和花斑糠疹。患者1,男,19岁,背部红色丘疹2个月,1个月后红色丘疹增多至双颌下、颈前,按痤疮治疗无效。患者2,女,13岁,腹部淡红色斑片1个月,3周后斑片增大,按湿疹治疗1周后无效。真菌镜检病例1可见球形出芽酵母细胞,病例2可见酵母细胞及香蕉样菌丝,含橄榄油SDA培养可见表面呈白色酵母样菌落,生长缓慢。2例分别诊断为马拉色菌属导致的毛囊炎和花斑糠疹。治疗:马拉色菌毛囊炎给予口服伊曲康唑胶囊及外用抗真菌药物综合治疗6周后,复查真菌镜检及培养阴性,外用抗真菌药物6周后花斑糠疹患者红色斑片消退。     

1999～2007年皮肤科门诊浅部真菌发病及镜检情况分析

目的了解广州地区1999～2007年间皮肤科门诊浅部真菌病发病的种类和构成比及流行病学特点。方法对临床拟诊为浅部真菌病者,取皮屑行10%KOH涂片进行真菌直接镜检。结果2002年后就诊人数及构成明显增加,近9a发病种类和构成没有明显变化。各种浅部真菌病中发病检出率占前3位的依次为体癣（34.3%）、手足癣（32.6%）、股癣（12.4%）。镜检阳性率排前3位的为马拉色菌毛囊炎74.9%、花斑糠疹55.5%、甲癣45.5%,总阳性率为34.3%。镜检阳性率受病种、性别、年龄、取材部位、疑似鉴别病例数量等因素影响。结论就诊人数与检出率呈逐年增加的趋势,1999～2007年间广州地区浅部真菌发病的种类和构成比无明显变化,目前直接镜检法在临床上仍不失为经济、简便易行的真菌学检查方法。     

面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎伴难辨认癣1例

报道面部糖皮质激素依赖性皮炎伴难辨认癣1例.患者男,40岁,面部弥漫红斑、脱屑、丘疹,伴瘙痒、灼热症状,反复发作7a.曾在外院被诊断为脂溢性皮炎、湿疹、接触性皮炎,给予多种糖皮质激素药膏外用.取面部皮屑做真菌直接镜检为阳性,经鉴定为红色毛癣菌.诊断为面部激素依赖性皮炎、难辨认癣.给予伊曲康唑100 mg/次,2次/d,口服;第1周给予曲安奈德益康唑乳膏2次/d外用;第2周给予舍他康唑2次/d外用.2周后患者皮损明显好转,停用口服药物,给予他克莫司1次/d外用.4周后,患者皮损达临床治愈.     

浅部真菌感染和变态反应性皮肤病相关性研究

目的 通过比较合并与未合并浅部真菌感染的变态反应性皮肤病对常用变应原的敏感性,综合从皮肤或指(趾)甲中分离出的菌种情况,评估浅部真菌感染在变态反应性皮肤病的病因学中的作用.方法 受试者包括353例慢性荨麻疹、湿疹及特应性皮炎患者.通过真菌直接镜检法将受试者分为两组.实验组:变态反应性皮肤病合并浅部真菌感染组(n =173);对照组:变态反应性皮肤病无浅部真菌感染组(n=180).对所有实验组及对照组受试者进行9种真菌变应原和9种非真菌变应原皮内试验.实验组患者进一步进行真菌培养以鉴定菌种.结果 慢性荨麻疹患者实验组须发癣菌、新月弯孢霉,特异青霉、烟曲霉变应原阳性率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),慢性湿疹患者实验组须发癣菌变应原阳性率显著高于对照组(P ＜0.001).慢性湿疹、荨麻疹患者其他真菌变应原及粉尘螨、屋尘螨等非真菌变应原阳性率比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).134例患者皮肤或指(趾)甲分离鉴定主要为红色毛癣菌(52.86％)、须癣毛癣菌(14.18％)、絮状表皮癣菌(5.22％)、白念珠菌(6.72％),实验组须发癣菌变应原阳性率及皮肤分离皮肤癣菌阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 实验结果表明,须发癣菌变应原阳性的慢性荨麻疹、湿疹患者往往合并皮肤癣菌感染,皮肤癣菌感染可能在部分慢性荨麻疹、湿疹的病因学中起重要作用.     

Outbreak ofTinea capitis caused by Microsporum ferrugineum in Thailand

There was an outbreak ofTinea capitis at the Pak-kred Home for Mentally and Physically Handicapped Babies, Bangkok, Thailand in 1993. One hundred and thirty-eight cases were diagnosed as tinea capitis based on clinical signs and positive laboratory investigations. The results of Wood's light examination, KOH preparation and fungal culture were positive in 89.9, 75.9 and 27.4% respectively. The non-inflammatory form had a higher rate of positive KOH and culture than in the inflammatory form.Microsporum ferrugineum was the major pathogen (66.7%) and most of its infections (80.4%) caused a non-inflammatory type of tinea capitis. Griseofulvin, in a dosage of 10–15 mg/kg/day and selenium sulfide shampoos, yielded an 84.8% cure rate within 14.9 weeks. No recurrence or obvious adverse reactions were observed.     

Dermatology for the practicing allergist: Tinea pedis and its complications

Tinea pedis is a chronic fungal infection of the feet, very often observed in patients who are immuno-suppressed or have diabetes mellitus. The practicing allergist may be called upon to treat this disease for various reasons. Sometimes tinea infection may be mistaken for atopic dermatitis or allergic eczema. In other patients, tinea pedis may complicate allergy and asthma and may contribute to refractory atopic disease. Patients with recurrent cellulitis may be referred to the allergist/immunologist for an immune evaluation and discovered to have tinea pedis as a predisposing factor. From a molecular standpoint, superficial fungal infections may induce a type2 T helper cell response (Th2) that can aggravate atopy. Th2 cytokines may induce eosinophil recruitment and immunoglobulin E (IgE) class switching by B cells, thereby leading to exacerbation of atopic conditions. Three groups of fungal pathogens, referred to as dermatophytes, have been shown to cause tinea pedis: Trychophyton sp, Epidermophyton sp, and Microsporum sp. The disease manifests as a pruritic, erythematous, scaly eruption on the foot and depending on its location, three variants have been described: interdigital type, moccasin type, and vesiculobullous type. Tinea pedis may be associated with recurrent cellulitis, as the fungal pathogens provide a portal for bacterial invasion of subcutaneous tissues. In some cases of refractory asthma, treatment of the associated tinea pedis infection may induce remission in airway disease. Very often, protracted topical and/or oral antifungal agents are required to treat this often frustrating and morbid disease. An evaluation for underlying immuno-suppression or diabetes may be indicated in patients with refractory disease.     

142例支气管肺泡灌洗液真菌免疫荧光染色检测结果与G/GM试验结果对比分析

目的探讨真菌免疫荧光染色检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(brondioalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)在肺部真菌感染诊断中的意义。方法对2019年1月至12月送检至本所的142例BALF标本进行G/GM试验及真菌免疫荧光染色检测。结果142例BALF中免疫荧光染色检测阳性为52例(占36.62%),G试验同时阳性者为49例,GM试验同时阳性者为11例。免疫荧光染色检测阳性例数与KOH湿片镜检阳性27例(占19.01%)比较检出率明显提高。结论真菌免疫荧光染色检测作为一种快速方便高效直观的真菌常规检测方法,是BALF标本中真菌检测的1个重要补充,为临床肺部真菌感染的诊断提供了1种快速检测方法。     

面癣误诊1例

报道由须癣毛癣菌感染引起并被长期误诊的面癣1例。患者女,37岁,因"面部反复红斑、丘疹、水疱伴瘙痒半年"就诊。多次被误诊为单纯疱疹、脓疱疮、湿疹、皮肤感染、脂溢性皮炎及玫瑰痤疮等,先后应用抗病毒、抗感染和抗过敏治疗,皮损未能完全消退并逐渐扩大。再次就诊,真菌学直接镜检阳性,真菌培养为须癣毛癣菌。给予口服特比萘芬片、外用联苯苄唑乳膏治疗后痊愈。     

Follicular contact dermatitis due to coloured permanent-pressed sheets

A delayed hypersensitivity type of allergic contact dermatitis was observed following exposure to certain brands of 50% cotton, 50% polyester coloured permanent-pressed sheets produced by a particular manufacturer. The dermatitis presented as an extremely pruritic follicular eczema of the body and vesicular edema of the ears and face. Patch testing excluded formalin as the allergen but suggested permanent-pressing chemicals as a possibility. Several washings of the sheets did not prevent the development of the dermatitis. The removal of sheets did not immediately result in improvement: the condition could persist for up to eight weeks after their discontinuance.     

Cytobrush-culture method to diagnose tinea capitis

This is a comparative study to isolate the dermatophytes of tinea capitis using the cytobrush and comparing it versus the standard method. A prospective, observational, comparative trial of 178 probable cases of tinea capitis was conducted in two dermatological centers. Each patient underwent mycological tests that included direct exam with KOH and cultures with either of two methods: scraping the scalp to remove hair and cell debris, and the cytobrush. A total of 135 clinically and mycologically proven cases of tinea capitis were included; 119 were non-inflammatory and 16 inflammatory tinea. A total of 131 had a positive direct exam and subsequent primary isolation cultures were obtained in 135 cases. The main dermatophytes isolated were Microsporum canis (68%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (20%). A total of 115/135 (85.1%), were detected with the traditional method, with an average of 11.2 days until positive, while the number detected with the cytobrush was 132/135 (97.7%) with an average of 8.5 days until positive. The chi-square statistical method showed that the cytobrush culture was superior to the standard one with a chi-square of 5.078 (P = 0.025), with a statistically significant difference versus the standard method.     

Epidemiology of Dermatophytoses in an Area South of Tehran,Iran

Dermatophyte infections have been considered to be a major public health problem in many parts of the world. The aim of this study was to identify the etiological and epidemiological factors of dermatophyte infections in an area south of Tehran. A total of 1254 patients suspected to have dermatophytic lesions were examined over a period of three years (1999-2001). Material collected from skin, hair, and nails was submitted to direct microscopic examination using KOH, cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar and microscopically examined for colony morphology, in order to the identify the 169 dermatophytes isolated. The prevalence of dermatophytoses was 13.5% (95% CI: 11.7-15.5%). Their incidence was 10.6 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 8.5-13.2). Epiderophyton floccosum was the most frequent dermatophyte isolated (31.4%) followed by Trichophyton rubrum (18.3%), T. mentegrophytes (17.2%), T. violaceum (16.6%), Microsporum canis (6.5%), T. verrucosum (4.7%) and M. gypseum (4.1%). Epidermophytes floccosum was found to be the most common isolated dermatophyte in age groups 20-29 (30.2%). Tinea corporis (31.4%) was the most common type of infection, followed by tinea cruris (20.7%), tinea manuum (15.4%), tinea capitis (12.4%), tinea pedis (10.6%), tinea faciei (7.1%), and tinea unguium (2.4%). The frequency rate of all of the types of tinea was higher in males than in females. The anthrophilic species E. floccosum was the most common dermatophyte as a causative agent of tinea. The most prevalent fungal infection was tinea corporis caused by E. floccosum.