HIV—1辅受体及针对辅受体的艾滋病治疗策略

艾滋病(AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)引起的严重危害人类健康的世界性传染病,目前尚无有效的预防和治疗措施。虽然近年高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)明显提高了AIDS的临床疗效,但由于HIV的高度变异性、化疗药物的毒副作用及价格昂贵等因素,多种新     

接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV/AIDS患者血浆IL-35及其受体水平的动态变化

目的 检测接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)的人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)患者血浆中白介素(IL)-35及其受体IL12rβ2、糖蛋白130 (gp130)水平的动态变化及意义.方法 选择我院2017年1月至2018年3月收治的41例HIV感染者/AIDS患者为研究对象,选择45例同期健康体...     

HIV-1辅受体及针对辅受体的艾滋病治疗策略

艾滋病(AIDS)是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)引起的严重危害人类健康的世界性传染病,目前尚无有效的预防和治疗措施.虽然近年高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(HAART)明显提高了AIDS的临床疗效,但由于HIV的高度变异性、化疗药物的毒副作用及价格昂贵等因素,多种新的抗HIV药物的开发研究仍有增无减[1].HIV-1辅受体的发现不仅有助于理解HIV-1感染靶细胞的发病机理,而且为抗HIV治疗提供了新的作用靶点.HIV-1辅受体及其抑制剂已成为目前抗HIV-1治疗研究的热点,现将有关的研究进展作一综述.     

艾滋病功能性治愈策略研究进展

高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active anti-retroviral therapy,HAART)的广泛应用,显著延长了人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者的寿命,使艾滋病(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)由一种致死性疾病转变为可控的慢性疾病。但是,由于病毒潜伏库及病毒库在HIV感染后快速形成、持续存在且难以清除,因此现有治疗策略无法实现AIDS的彻底治愈。目前,已经成功提出功能性治愈的概念,即通过改善现有的治疗策略实现长期抑制HIV复制,维持CD4+T细胞数量和机体免疫功能正常,尤其是在停药后能够长期控制病毒复制。因此,功能性治愈的成功实施可有效改善患者机体免疫功能紊乱,减轻长期应用HAART方案引起的严重的药物毒副作用及不良反应,有效提高患者的生活质量。现就AIDS功能性治愈的相关策略,包括HAART的早期治疗、激活并杀灭策略、基因治疗、免疫治疗和永久沉默等作一概述。     

1例艾滋病并发弓形虫脑病的报告

弓形虫脑病(TE)为中枢神经系统(12NS)的一种致命性感染,通常发生在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染的晚期阶段.在20世纪90年代早期,TE在HIV感染者中极为常见,平均年感染率为0.4～0.7/100人,而且在CD4 细胞计数低下者中更为常见[1].随着高效抗反转录病毒治疗(HAART)的出现,获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者出现机会性感染的概率大大降低,当然也包括CNS感染,如TE[2].     

HIV潜伏感染激活剂的研究进展

艾滋病是由人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)引起的人类最严重的单一病因疾病,以全身免疫系统严重损害为特征。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法(Highly active anti-retroviral therapy,HAART)的应用已经成功地将艾滋病从一种致死性疾病转变为慢性可控性疾病。但长期接受HAART治疗的艾滋病患者一旦停药,患者体内潜伏的HIV会迅速反弹。艾滋病无法彻底治愈的原因是患者体内HIV病毒潜伏储存库的存在。"Shock and kill"策略是使用HIV潜伏感染激活剂(Latency-reversing agents,LRAs)诱导潜伏HIV前病毒复制及表达,然后联合HAART将病毒一网打尽,同时由于细胞病变效应和/或HIV特征性免疫反应使潜伏细胞的半衰期大大缩短,最终达到功能性治愈的目的。因此,高效、安全且特异性促进潜伏库衰减的LRAs成为现今艾滋病治愈研究的热点。本文聚焦国内外前沿研究,对具有临床发展前景的HIV潜伏感染激活剂做一综述,为未来LRAs药物的研发指明方向。     

艾滋病免疫重建治疗策略的研究进展

获得性免疫缺陷综合征( AIDS) 是由人类免疫缺陷病毒( HIV) 侵犯并破坏机体免疫系统引起的疾病。20 世纪90 年代前, 人们普遍认为免疫系统的破坏是不可逆转的, 但自高效抗反转录病毒疗法出现以后, 发现受损的免疫功能可以获得重建并成为研究的热点。免疫功能重建是指患者受损的免疫功能恢复到正常水平或接近正常水平, 从而降低机会性感染和肿瘤的发生, 降低发病率和病死率。随着各项技术的发展和改进, AIDS 的发病机制和免疫重建机制得到进一步研究, 改善调节患者CD4⁺细胞的数量和免疫功能及细胞毒性T细胞( CTL) 的杀伤功能是最重要的保护性免疫机制。目前一些治疗新策略和手段, 如细胞因子治疗、HIV 特异性疫苗的研制已进入试验或临床阶段, 以期进一步改善患者的免疫功能。     

核酶与AIDS治疗

 艾滋病(AIDS)是由人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染并破坏人体免疫功能所导致的一种综合症. 作为具有核酸内切酶活性的RNA小分子,核酶能特异性结合及切割HIV病毒靶分子,并促进靶分子mRNA的裂解,且能相继与多个靶分子RNA作用,同时又不影响宿主细胞RNA. 利用核酶治疗艾滋病不仅没有化疗药物常见的副作用,而且由于核酶本身具有RNA剪切酶活性,可同时剪切HIV mRNA和HIV生命过程中重要的调节蛋白mRNA.因此,较其它基因疗法如RNAi、DNA decoy等,更能有效地抑制HIV复制,并且对由HIV变异而导致的耐药病毒株同样有效,同时对病毒突变的诱导作用也较其它抗病毒药物低.因此,在抗AIDS基因治疗研究中具有潜在的应用价值. 本文在对核酶的结构、催化作用机制及其对HIV-1的作用机制进行概述的基础上,重点讨论了近年来核酶作用于HIV的研究进展以及对AIDS治疗的应用前景.     

人类免疫缺陷病毒解剖学病毒储存库与检测方法的研究进展

由于人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)储存库的存在,获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者即便接受高效抗反转录病毒治疗也无法完全清除体内的潜伏病毒.本文就HIV在人体内可能存在的解剖学储存库、病毒储存库...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.