两种乳杆菌联用在食蟹猴阴道的定植效率及其毒性分析

研究乳杆菌鼠李糖乳杆菌-格氏乳杆菌联用制剂(LACT)的定植效率, 评估其有效剂量在动物体内的急性和长期毒性。

在食蟹猴中进行2轮阴道定植试验, 通过检测阴道分泌物pH值和清洁度, 并分离鉴定分泌物中的乳杆菌, 确定乳杆菌联用制剂的定植率和定植剂量; 通过单次和多次阴道给药, 检测联用制剂对食蟹猴体质量、食量、生殖器官及生化指标等的影响, 检测联用制剂在体内的急性和长期毒性。

联用制剂在食蟹猴中连续阴道给药5 d后能成功定植, 改善阴道的微生态; 甲硝唑预处理能够提高定植效率和定植时间; 联用制剂对食蟹猴不具有急性和长期的毒性作用。

在动物模型中, 2种乳杆菌联用制剂对细菌性阴道病具有良好的治疗潜质。

     

肝靶向动物模型研究与展望

肝癌动物模型是抗肝癌药物实验及肝靶向给药系统验证的重要方法和手段。本文对用于研究肝靶向制剂的动物模型的种类、特征、不足及应用进行了研究论述,提出了目前较适于应用的模型,应用肝癌动物模型可以提供与肝癌病人相似的肝癌生物学特性,也为肝靶向给药制剂药代动力学指标的可靠性提供了保障。     

乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂治疗细菌性阴道病62例与灭滴灵对照41例临床效果观察

观察乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂治疗细菌性阴道病（ＢａｃｔｅｒｉａｌＶａｇｉｎｏｓｉｓ,简称ＢＶ）的疗效及安全性。方法：选择符合入选条件的病人,采用随机对照实验,乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂组４１例,灭滴灵对照４１例。采用开放实验,乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂治疗２１例。观察、记录病人在用药前、用药后第６天及停药后３天的临床表现、阴道分泌物ｐＨ值测定,胺实验及涂片检查线索细胞等;用以评价乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂对细菌性阴道病的疗效。结果：乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂和灭滴灵治疗细菌性阴道病,二者总有效率在症状方面,实验组为８０７７％,对照组为７９３１;在体征方面,实验组为７２９％,对照组为７６９％。统计学分析结果,相对应组间总有效率无显著差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论：乳杆菌活菌胶囊制剂是治疗ＢＶ的安全有效药物,对肝肾功能无不良影响,亦无明显不良反应。     

乳杆菌活菌制剂（定菌生）对细菌性阴道病治疗效果的临床观察

为观察乳杆菌制剂对细菌性阴道病的临床治疗效果,我院女性门诊于９７年４月至７月共接收１１８例细菌性阴道病患者,全部给于乳杆菌胶囊进行治疗,其结果表明,治疗后阴道液中检出线索细胞仅占２５％,阴道ｐＨ值明显下降,临床症状明显减轻。临床疗效总有效率为９６２８％。治疗前与治疗后有显著性差异。揭示乳杆菌对治疗细菌性阴道病有明显疗效     

经皮给药系统产业化开发的关键问题探讨

以经皮给药系统的开发及产业化为主体思路,在对经皮给药系统发展现状认识的基础上,重点对经皮给药产品研发中的吸收模型 及体内外相关性评价研究、产业化设备、国内外研发模式等进行初步探讨,分析经皮给药系统开发中存在的问题和挑战并提出相应的解 决方案,以期为今后国内经皮给药制剂的发展提供思路。     

乳杆菌制剂治疗外阴阴道念珠菌病的研究进展

外阴阴道念珠菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis, VVC)又称念珠菌性阴道炎,是由念珠菌异常增殖引起的女性常见的第二大外阴阴道炎症疾病,常伴有阴道菌群失调和微环境的改变,尤其在妊娠期间,VVC的发病率升高,与不良妊娠结局的发生显著相关,对女性身心健康造成了严重的损害。传统针对VVC的治疗一直以抗真菌药物为主,但并未修复受损的阴道微生态系统,目前乳杆菌制剂被认为可通过维持正常的阴道微生物群来重建阴道微生态系统,有利于治疗女性阴道炎症疾病,因而在临床诊疗工作中,乳杆菌制剂的应用越来越多。以下就国内外乳杆菌制剂联合其他药物治疗VVC的研究进行综述,探讨乳杆菌制剂在VVC的治疗中发挥的作用。     

正确看待阴道乳杆菌在难治性阴道炎治疗中的应用

正常阴道内虽然有多种微生物存在,但这些微生物与宿主阴道环境之间相互依赖、相互制约,达到动态的生态平衡,并不致病。乳杆菌是维持女性阴道微生态平衡的主要微生物,它在维持阴道酸性环境和拮抗病原体方面起着重要作用。大部分阴道感染可以用抗生素治愈,然而很多时候由于治疗不规范造成病情延误或反复发作,最终发展为难治性阴道炎。补充乳杆菌可能恢复正常的阴道微生态平衡,从而对难治性阴道炎的治疗起到积极作用。本综述主要探讨了乳杆菌制剂在难治性阴道炎治疗中的临床应用及使用方式的选择,包括抗菌药物与乳杆菌制剂联合应用、抗菌药物与乳杆菌制剂序贯疗法及阴道菌群移植等。

     

对德氏乳杆菌DM8909菌株的临床药代动力学研究

本文对大连医科大学微生态学研究所研制的阴道乳杆菌活菌制剂进行药代动力学研究 ,目的是为了探讨德氏乳杆菌活菌阴道制剂在正常志愿者阴道中的变化情况 ,确定临床观察的给药剂量、间隔时间和给药方法。现将有关试验情况报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 .1　药代动力学试验研究对象　为 1 0名志愿者进行阴道乳杆菌活菌动态研究。1 .2　药品来源　定菌生 DM890 9由大连医科大学科达药业有限公司提供 ,批号 961 0 2 0。1 .3　试验设计　分 3个剂量组 ,单次阴道给药 ,低剂量组 ( 0 .2 5× 1 0 6CFU/粒 )、中剂量组 ( 0 .2 5×1 0 7CFU/粒 ) ;高剂…     

阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的Meta分析

目的 系统评价阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗复发性外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病（RVVC）的疗效及安全性。方法 计算机检索CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed及Cochrane等数据库（检索时间为各数据库创建时间至2018年1月）,纳入关于阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的临床随机对照试验（RCT）,采用RevMan 5.3软件对相关研究进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入32篇RCT,包括3 635例患者,结果显示：阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC的痊愈率优于单纯抗菌药物[P＜0.001,OR=2.15,95%CI（1.81,2.54）],总有效率高[P＜0.001,OR=3.26,95%CI（2.5,4.26）],复发率低[P＜0.001,OR=0.19,95%CI（0.15,0.25）],不良反应发生率低,Begg's检验表明纳入的RCT研究无发表偏倚（P=0.102＞0.05）。结论 基于现有临床证据,阴道用乳酸菌制剂辅助治疗RVVC疗效优于单纯抗菌药物,可有效改善临床症状,减少疾病发作次数,安全性高,不良反应发生率低,值得临床推广使用。     

奶牛阴道菌群分析与乳酸菌的分离及鉴定

目的研究奶牛阴道菌群,并从健康奶牛阴道分离出产酸能力很强的乳酸菌。方法采用常规的方法对奶牛阴道进行细菌的分离及鉴定,并进行菌群分析。结果健康奶牛阴道优势菌群主要为乳酸菌(P<0.01),屡配不孕奶牛阴道优势菌群主要为金黄色葡萄球菌(P<0.01);从健康奶牛阴道分离出的乳酸菌为55株,其中产酸能力很强的6株乳酸菌鉴定结果分别为Lactobacillus plantarum、Lactobacillus brevis、Enterococcus faecalis、Lactococcus garvieae、Lactobacillus kitasatonis和Lactobacillus amylovorus。结论奶牛阴道菌群中分离的6株乳酸菌可作为潜在的奶牛阴道微生态制剂进行深入研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.