乙肝表面抗原专一的单链嵌合抗体在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用重组ＰＣＲ技术将乙肝表面抗原专一单抗的Ｖｋ与人源的Ｃ基因拼接成轻链嵌合抗体Ｖ－Ｃ,再通过编码柔性肽段（Ｇｌｙ４Ｓｅｒ）的Ｌｉｎｋｅｒ与Ｖ连接成单链嵌合抗体ＳｃＦＶ－Ｃ,并分别在大肠杆菌的热敏与分泌型表达系统中进行表达。表达产物的Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－ｂｌｏｔ与间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测结果表明,ＳＣＦｖ－Ｃ产两种系统中的表达产物均具有抗原结合活性,并已在分泌肽的指导下ＳｃＦｖ－Ｃｋ能被Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ分泌出胞外。     

乙肝病毒表面抗原的抗体双阳性者中病毒S区基因序列分析

为了解乙肝病毒（HBV）表面抗原和抗体双阳性患者中病毒的基因型及其HVB S区是否有变异。用放射免疫试剂检测HBsAg阳性样品中的抗－HBs抗体，用聚合酶链反应法检测双阳性样品中的HBV DNA，然后对阳性样品进行克隆和基因序列分析，并将所得序列与HBV不同基因型的代表株进行比较分析。结果显示389例HBsAg阳性样品中有10例为抗HBs抗体阳性；该10例双阳性样品中有5例为HBV DNA阳性；序列分析显示该5株HBV均为B基因型，其中4株为adw亚型，1株为adr亚型；其中有2株在S区的“a”决定簇的氨基酸发生了变异。     

乙肝阳性血浆中HBsAg的滴度与保存温度和疫苗收量关系

本文报导了乙型肝炎阳性血浆中ＨＢｓＡｇ的滴度与保存温度和疫苗收量的关系。证明：１．４─５年于─２０℃保存该血浆对ＨＢｓＡｇ滴度无明显影响;２．于─２０℃和３０℃反复冻融八次以上ＨＢｓＡｇ滴度开始下降。３．于２５℃保存５６天后,该血浆中的ＨＢｓＡｇ可下降一个滴度,提示要尽可能避免反复冻融,缩短室温保存时间。用乙肝阳性血浆制备疫苗时疫苗的收量与血浆中ＨＢｓＡｇ的滴度密切相关,当ＲＰＨＡ滴度为１：５１２时,收量明显偏低,ＲＰＨＡ滴度为１：２０４８以上时疫苗收量较高。     

乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体可变区基因的克隆及人－鼠嵌合抗体重链基因的表达

本文采用反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术,从鼠抗乙肝病毒表面抗原（ＨＢｓＡｇ）单克隆细胞中克隆到了该抗体重、轻链可变区（Ⅴ区）基因,并分别将其与人的恒定区基因Ｃγ３,Ｃｋ相拼接,构建人－鼠嵌合抗体基因。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ和Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ－Ｂｌｏｔ分析结果证实嵌合抗体重链基因在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中得到了表达。间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法免疫测定的结果表明该表达产物具有与乙肝表面抗原结合的能力。     

4例乙肝表面抗原阴性乙肝病毒DNA阳性标本结果分析

目的 探讨4例乙肝病毒HBV-DNA阳性标本乙肝表面抗原(HbsAg)阴性的原因.方法 4例HbsAg阴性HBV-DNA阳性标本和1例HbsAg阳性HBV-DNA阳性标本,碱裂解法提取乙肝病毒基因组,采用巢式PCR扩增s基因全长片段,T-A克隆后测序,根据s基因序列推导氨基酸序列,分析乙肝表面抗原α决定簇区域的氨基酸变异情况.结果 与参考株比较,5例血清中HBV-DNAs基因均出现不同位点碱基突变,导致乙肝表面抗原α决定簇区域的氨基酸突变主要为:1号标本R122K、I126A、S143T;2号标本R122K、I126N、Q129N;3号标本R122K、I126S、T131N、M133T;4号标本R122K、I126S、T131N、M133T及5号标本的R122K.结论 乙肝表面抗原α决定簇区域126位氨基酸突变可能会影响HbsAg的检测结果.     

2007～2012年中国大学生乙肝表面抗原阳性检出率的meta分析

目的 评价2007～ 2012年中国大学生乙肝表面抗原阳性的总检出率.方法 通过检索Pub Med、重庆维普(VIP)、清华同方(CNKI)、万方等全文数据库,搜索中国大学生乙肝表面抗原阳性检出率的相关文献,采用Meta Analyst Beta3.13软件对检出率进行Meta分析,评估中国大学生乙肝表面抗原携带状况.结果 根据入选标准,共筛出文献35篇,总样本量为437 290人,检出乙肝表面抗原阳性27 895人,Meta分析显示,中国大学生乙肝表面抗原阳性总检出率为6.38％.结论 我国大学生乙肝表面抗原阳性率低于一般人群,但是仍然需要加大对乙肝健康教育的力度,防止乙型肝炎在大学校园里的传播.     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原-抗体复合物治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒S基因变异研究

目的 研究应用乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)-抗体复合物治疗性疫苗(YIC)治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者是否会诱生S基因免疫逃逸变异株的出现。方法 选取5例用30μg或60μgYIC治疗后血清乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA水平下降>2log10、伴有乙型肝炎病毒e抗原(HBeAg)转阴应答,但在随访6个月后病毒DNA水平重复升高的患者作为研究对象,另选取1例对YIC治疗始终无应答患者和1例注射安慰剂患者作为对照,用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法扩增治疗前(0周)及治疗后(44周)血清中HBV DNA的S基因、前-核心基因、核心基因启动子片段,并进行序列比对分析。结果 S基因“a”决定簇及前-核心基因均未发生变异,但YIC治疗后有3例HBV的核心基因启动子1762/1764位点序列有变异,另有2例在核心基因启动子的其他位点有核苷酸变异。结论 研究显示5例出现病毒重新复制的患者并非由于发生了病毒S基因逃逸变异所致。     

分子筛层析法分析重组乙肝表面抗原聚集物的形成

分子筛层析作为分析蛋白质颗粒聚集物的一种有力工具,被用于研究重组乙肝表面抗原聚集物的形成。已去除聚集物的表面抗原放置在不同的理化条件下或经过不同的纯化方法处理后,应用HPLC分析其聚集物的形成。为研究发酵过程中是否形成表面抗原聚集物,酵母细胞破碎后立即用Sepharose 4 FF层析柱分离为不同的组分,并分别进行HPLC分析。结果发现,在纯化过程和酵母发酵阶段都有表面抗原聚集物的产生。     

鱼山镇1岁以上人群不同年龄组乙肝表面抗原携带率与乙肝疫苗接种关系的调查

研究鱼山镇乙肝疫苗接种率不同人群的乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)携带率的差异。将该镇所有户籍登记在册人员按出生日期分成3组,再按随机抽样法对每个年龄组抽取一定数量的人组成样本,调查乙肝疫苗接种史;对每位参加者采集静脉血5ml,无菌分离血清,使用固相放射免疫试剂和酶联免疫试剂检测乙肝病毒表面抗原和抗乙肝病毒表面抗原抗体(HBsAb,抗-HBs)。小年龄组、中年龄组、大年龄组乙肝疫苗接种率依次为80.00%、50.46%、25.36%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=262.24,P<0.005);小年龄组、中年龄组、大年龄组HBsAg携带率依次为2.07%、11.93%、17.87%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=77.48,P<0.005);小年龄组、中年龄组、大年龄组HBsAb依次为43.38%、24.77%、10.95%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=107.28,P<0.005)。乙肝疫苗接种率在小年龄组、中年龄组、大年龄组依次降低,HBsAg携带率依次增高,HBsAb阳性率依次降低。因此,接种乙肝疫苗对人群有较好的保护作用,人群乙肝疫苗接种率越高,HBsAb阳性率越高,HBsAg携带率越低。     

C57BL/6J-HBV转基因小鼠随增龄乙肝表面抗原表达及转氨酶水平变化探讨

目的 探讨C57BL/6J-HBV乙肝转基因小鼠随增龄表面抗原表达及转氨酶水平的变化.方法 经血清表面抗原检测,根据S/C.O值将乙肝转基因小鼠分为两组,两组小鼠在4～10周龄每隔一周以酶联免疫吸附法测定血清表面抗原水平;各组小鼠在5～11周龄每隔一周以全自动生化分析仪测定小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)水平.结果 实验1组HBV乙肝转基因小鼠表面抗原表达6周龄与4周龄相比显著增高,6周龄至10周龄趋于稳定;实验2组的雄性小鼠表面抗原表达6周龄与4周龄相比极显著降低(P＜0.01),而雌性小鼠在4周龄至10周龄表面抗原表达相对稳定.实验1组的雄性小鼠ALT 水平9周龄与7周龄比较显著下降(P＜0.05),其余小鼠在5周龄至11周龄呈现下降趋势,但无显著性差异.实验1组的雄性小鼠AST水平11周龄与7周龄相比显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 乙肝表面抗原S/C.O值不同的转基因小鼠表面抗原表达随增龄变化趋势不同;血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶水平在5～11周龄变化趋势相反.     

Aggregation of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen in Pichia pastoris

The combination of immunoaffinity and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a powerful tool to analyze multiprotein particle assembly. This approach was used to investigate the source of aggregation of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) detected in purified material. As HBsAg aggregation does not originate in the stresses, such as the concentration of HBsAg solutions, temperature and chaotropic agents, it is less probable that the HBsAg aggregate is produced during the process. To test whether aggregation takes place in vivo, crude yeast extract containing the expressed HBsAg was fractioned on a Sephacryl S-400 column just after cell disruption, and each fraction immunopurified individually. As a result, the HBsAg aggregate was isolated from a fraction corresponding to the elution of large particle aggregates only, not native HBsAg particles. It was biologically active, which demonstrates aggregate formation by specific assembly of partially or wholly folded HBsAg intermediates.     

Size-exclusion chromatographic study of the reduction of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen

The reduction of the P. pastoris-derived hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has been investigated by size exclusion chromatography performed in a detergent solution containing 0.3% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 0.1 M Tris–HCl, pH 7.0. The HBsAg, reduced under different conditions and passed through the TSK G4000 SW column (600×7.5 mm I.D.) at 0.9 ml min⁻¹, was resolved into two peaks corresponding to the reduced, monomeric, and non-reduced forms, respectively. Under these conditions, the antigen fraction corresponding to the HBsAg dimer can be separated and completely reduced to monomers by repeated reductive treatment with simultaneous lipid removal. The efficiency of reduction was maximal after sample treatment with an equal volume of a solution containing 417 mM dithiothreitol, 4.2% (w/v) SDS and 16% (v/v) 2-mercaptoethanol. In conclusion, complete reduction of recombinant HBsAg to monomer subunits is possible and depends on the efficiency of lipid removal during the reductive treatment.     

Sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen particles

To investigate the factors leading to broadening of the recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) peak in size-exclusion chromatography, the HBsAg particles eluting in different regions of the peak were subjected here to electrophoretic analysis. In nonreduced samples, the 24-kD band corresponding to the S monomer was detected when excessively large amounts of HBsAg were loaded onto the gel. Hence, some monomers are not disulfide-crosslinked in assembled particles. On the other hand, the results of alkylation experiments indicated the presence of free sulfhydryl group(s) in a little portion of freshly-purified HBsAg which was retarded on the size-exclusion chromatographic column and had significant antigenicity. This fraction of HBsAg was shown to be oligomeric and capable of spontaneous assembly into higher-order structures during aging.     

Fermentation of recombinant yeast producing hepatitis B surface antigen

Summary Fermentations were performed to determine parameters affecting the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae containing the HBsAg gene. These studies emphasized inereasing both the relative abundance (HBsAg: cell mass) and total production of HBsAg. Specific activity was increased 70-fold when cells were grown in shake flasks containing nonselective rather than selective medium. The addition of adenine, ammonium sulfate or glucose to the complex medium reduced the production of antigen. Results similar to those achieved in shake flasks were obtained when the growth was performed in fermenters. A nutrient addition system was employed to increase the production of cells and HBsAg. The addition of glucose to the culture medium increased cell mass 6-fold but decreased the production of antigen. This imbalance was corrected by supplementing the glucose with complex nutrients.     

Hepatitis B surface antigen immunopurification using a plant-derived specific antibody produced in large scale

This paper provides an evaluation of a plant-derived HBsAg-specific antibody in the immunopurification of the recombinant HBsAg for vaccine purposes. This plant-derived antibody was obtained from different batches of 100-200kg of tobacco leaves and coupled to Sepharose CL-4B with high efficiency. The plant-derived antibody immunoaffinity matrix purification behavior (elution capacity, antigen purity, purification cycles, and ligand leakage) was comparable to that of its mouse-derived monoclonal antibody homolog. This result supports the feasibility of using this plant-derived antibody for the immunopurification of the Hepatitis B surface antigen for human use, opening a new possibility to overcome the constrain of monoclonal antibody production in mice.     

Patterns of circulating hepatitis B surface antigen variants among vaccinated children born to hepatitis B surface antigen carrier and non-carrier mothers

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) variants that possessed missense mutation within the neutralization epitope of the major S antigen as defined by amino acid residues (aa#) 124–147, termed the a determinant variants, were identified through a population-based serosurvey of 2,305 children of the vaccinated birth cohorts born after 1986. Data on the 678 nucleotides encoding the S antigen of HBV were available for 75 HBV strains that were collected from 63 vaccinated children and 12 unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated children, and 21 HBV strains from 25 unvaccinated adults. Among the diverse patterns of one to three amino acid substitutions within the a determinant, 145-Arg occurred most frequently (5/14); other variants were: 126-Ala, 127-Thr, 126-Ser/131-Asn/133-Thr, 129-His, 129-Arg, 123-Asn/131-Ile, 133-Leu, 141-Glu, and 141-Arg/144-Ala. Only one of these variants occurred in the 16 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-carrier children born to HBsAg-negative mothers, whereas 12 of these variants occurred in the 20 (50%) children born to HBsAg-positive mothers. In addition, early administration of HBV vaccine within the noenatal period increased the likelihood of the emergence of these variants to 64.7% (11/17). Five of the 21 (23.8%) unvaccinated HBsAg-carrier adults harbored the a determinant variants possessing mutations within aa# 125–136, i.e. the putative first loop formed by the cysteine disulfide bonds. Vaccinated children were likely to harbor HBV variants possessing mutations involving altered charge of side chains and/or its hydrophobicity of amino acid residues within the putative second loop between aa#140 and 146. Our data suggest that emergence of these HBV S gene mutants in the phase of HBV vaccination program would be most common among populations in whom perinatal/vertical transmission of HBV is most common, i.e. southeast Asian and the Taiwanese.     

Standardization and validation of an alkaline phosphatase-linked immunoassay to quantify a plant-derived antibody directed against the hepatitis B virus surface antigen

Immunopurification is one of the most effective chromatography steps to purify the hepatitis B surface antigen, which have successfully been used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient of hepatitis B vaccines. Plant-derived antibodies could be an appropriated ligand for such purposes because plants are the most cost-effective production systems and have the additional advantage that plant viruses cannot infect humans. In this work, a polyclonal antibody alkaline phosphatase-linked immunoassay was standardized and validated to quantify a plant-derived antibody directed against the HBsAg. The validation of an immunoassay to quantify plantibodies is a relatively complex task due to the complexity of the plant extract, the low level of expression of this molecule, and the potential interferences of endogenous peroxidases contributed by plants. These results allow estimating the plant-derived antibody concentration up to 3.81 ng/mL with high specificity, precision, and repeatability. The working range of the standard curve was between 3.81 and 60 ng/mL, and the intra- and inter-variation coefficients were between 10% and 20% in a production process's sample dependent way. This enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is considered valuable to improve the design of the purification process and also to obtain a better estimation of the antibody expression level and process's recovery.     

乙肝病毒表面抗原基因在胡萝卜中的克隆及表达

构建HBV表达抗原（HBsAg)植物表达载体并在胡萝卜植株中表达。采用自行构建adr亚型HBsAg基因克隆T-adr,再次酶切获得860bp含PreS2的HBsAg基因片段,将其插入到植物表达载体pBPC55,新质粒命名为pBPC91adr。将其与含除草剂抗性基因及GUS蛋白基因的筛选质粒pBPC93共同经基因枪（PDS-1000/He)转化胡萝卜悬浮细胞,经含除草剂（Biolaphos)的培养基筛选及植物激素诱导分化,获得除草剂抗性胡萝卜幼苗,结果为转化后8周,自胡萝卜细胞中分化出除草剂抗性胡萝卜幼苗,提取新分化幼苗总DNA,特异性引物PCR扩增后可见860bp扩增带;Southern-Blot证明有HBsAg基因整合,胡萝卜蛋白萃取物的Western-Blot及ELISA检测证实有HBsAg蛋白表达。利用基因枪转化使质粒pBPC91adr中HBsAg基因在胡萝卜幼苗内整合并表达,提示以植物生产疫苗具有可行性。     

Evidence for the denaturation of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen on aluminium hydroxide gel

Despite the complexity of the subject of protein–alum interactions, a valuable information can be obtained by analyzing the adsorbed and desorbed protein by common physico–chemical methods. In the present work, to approach the adsorption of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on alum, the experimental data were supported by complementary analyses of the adsorbed protein by immunoelectron microscopy and the desorbed protein by denaturing size-exclusion chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. First, the depletion of HBsAg was investigated. The aspects assessed were the conditions, recovery and chromatographic performance of the desorbed protein. The results obtained strongly suggested the loss of particulate structure of HBsAg after adsorption on alum. This conclusion was further reinforced by direct immunoelectron microscopic visualization of HBsAg in the adsorbed state.     

抗原抗体复合物型治疗性疫苗(乙克)临床研究中患者血清乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原下降的分析与启示

近年来全球慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B,CHB)防治指南提出了“功能性治愈”(functional cure)的概念,即患者经过治疗达到血清乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(hepatitis B virus surface antigen,HBsAg)消失,但现有抗病毒治疗很难实现这一目标。本研究对既往临床试验中经抗原抗体复合物型治疗性疫苗(乙克)治疗后的CHB患者HBsAg下降情况进行了归纳分析,结果显示,经乙克治疗随访后达到乙型肝炎e抗原(hepatitis B e antigen,HBeAg)血清学转换者的HBsAg下降高达0.95log₁₀IU/mL,显著高于未达到HBeAg血清学转换者的0.32log₁₀IU/mL(P<0.01),而经氢氧化铝佐剂治疗随访后发生HBeAg血清学转换(0.49log₁₀IU/mL)者与未发生HBeAg血清学转换者(0.36log₁₀IU/mL)之间HBsAg下降无统计学差异。乙克组治疗过程中,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)骤升(ALT flare)在HBsAg下降>1.0log₁₀IU/mL者中较多见,氢氧化铝组未观察到此现象。回归分析显示,乙克治疗后HBsAg下降的影响因素有患者出现HBeAg血清学转换、感染的HBV为B基因型、治疗过程中ALT出现10倍增高,以及基线血清HBsAg为高水平。结果提示,乙克诱导的特异性免疫对降低CHB患者血清HBsAg水平有一定效果,采用“抗病毒药物治疗＋针对HBsAg的中和性抗体被动免疫＋乙克主动免疫”的“三明治”治疗策略可能会提高“功能性治愈”率。