胃癌发生不同阶段临床和胃镜表现及与幽门螺杆菌感染的关系

目的观察慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)→萎缩性胃炎(CAG)→肠上皮化生(IM)→非典型增生(DYS)→胃癌(GC)五个不同阶段临床和胃镜表现及其与幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)感染的关系。方法对经胃镜及病理证实的上述GC发生五个不同阶段的患者各50例,详细询问其临床症状,记录胃镜下表现,并用快速尿素酶试验(RUT)、14C尿素呼气试验(14C-UBT)、组织学检查及H.pylori培养等方法检测H.pylori感染情况。结果 (1)CSG和GC的临床表现分别以上腹胀和早饱、体重减轻为主,其他阶段均以上腹痛为主;(2)CSG、CAG和GC的胃镜下表现依次以疣状隆起及糜烂、黏膜变薄及血管显露、巨大溃疡及出血为多见,而IM和DYS均以直径小于2 cm的溃疡为多见(P0.05);(3)H.pylori感染:从CSG→GC不同阶段,H.pylori感染率依次降低(分别为80%、78%、62%、56%和36%,P0.05);临床表现中上腹痛及纳差H.pylori感染率高,早饱H.pylori感染率低(P0.05);不同胃镜下表现中溃疡H.pylori感染率最高(P0.05)。结论体重减轻可作为胃癌警示信号,胃镜下巨大溃疡及出血以GC多见;H.pylori感染率与GC发生阶段呈负相关,临床表现为上腹痛、纳差,及胃镜下溃疡患者H.pylori感染率高。     

幽门螺杆菌相关miRNA与胃癌关系的研究进展

微小核糖核酸(microRNA,miRNA)是一种由内源基因编码长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码RNA,其能抑制靶基因蛋白质表达,有多种生物学功能。越来越多的研究表明,miRNA在多种肿瘤中异常表达,参与肿瘤发生、发展过程。幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)作为胃癌的主要致病因素,可通过调节miRNA的表达,在胃癌中起促进或抑制作用。现就Hp相关miRNA在胃癌中的作用作一概述。     

幽门螺杆菌与胃癌相关信号通路研究进展

胃癌(gastric cance, GC)是世界范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其病死率在癌症中位居第二。GC的发病机制目前尚不明确,其发病机制与多种因素有关,其中包括环境因素和遗传因素。幽门螺杆菌( Helicobacter pylori , Hp)感染是GC发生最为重要的环境因素之一。Hp感染在GC的发展过程中,会伴有一些基因和信号通路的异常。现就Hp感染引发GC过程中相关信号通路的异常,包括Hedgehog信号通路、Notch信号通路、Wnt/β-catenin信号通路以及上皮间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)相关信号通路等作一概述,为GC的预防及靶向治疗提供理论依据。     

宿主基因单核苷酸多态性与幽门螺杆菌相关胃癌

幽门螺杆菌相关胃癌是一种由遗传、环境、生活方式等因素共同作用所致的特殊类型胃癌。它的发病过程至少包括炎症、萎缩和癌变3个主要阶段。宿主基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)包括炎症反应、胃酸抑制、免疫识别等相关基因SNP,可能特异性参与了幽门螺杆菌相关胃癌发生发展过程中的不同阶段。文章综述与幽门螺杆菌相关胃癌发病3个主要病理阶段相关的宿主基因SNP及其与胃癌发病风险关系的研究进展。     

幽门螺杆菌相关胃癌与多胺代谢CSCD

幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori, H. pylori)选择性地在人的胃黏膜中定植,是引发胃癌的最强危险因素之一。多胺是一类广泛存在于真核细胞中带高密度正电荷的烷基类小分子化合物,参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等重要的生理过程,多种疾病的发生发展与多胺代谢紊乱相关。近期研究发现,H.pylori感染能诱导宿主胃黏膜上皮细胞和巨噬细胞中多胺代谢异常。特别是该菌对多胺代谢途径中的关键酶ARG2(arginase 2,精氨酸酶2)、ODC(ornithine decarboxylase,鸟氨酸脱羧酶)和SMO(soermine oxidase,精胺氧化酶)的激活作用,与H. pylori免疫逃逸,慢性炎症维持、DNA损伤和胃癌的发生发展密切相关,提示多胺代谢途径可能成为H. pylori相关胃癌防治的新靶点。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌相关性的研究进展

胃癌(gastric cancer)是人类最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,是全球性的医疗难题,其病因尚未完全明确。自20世纪80年代初两位澳大利亚科学家Marshall和Warren首先从胃黏膜中分离出幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,Hp)至今,Hp与胃癌的关系为人们所关注。经过多年的研究,人们逐渐接受了Hp感染为胃癌发生发展的重要因素,大多数学者认为根除Hp治疗可以降低胃癌发生的风险。然而,近年来随着研究的不断深入,一些研究报道根除Hp治疗并不能预防胃癌的发生发展,也不能降低胃癌的发生率。胃癌的发病机制错综复杂,Hp感染作为单一致病因素如何引起胃癌的发生目前尚未阐述清楚。本文旨在对Hp感染与胃癌相关性的研究进展做一综述。     

TFF2在胃癌中的表达及与幽门螺杆菌感染关系的研究

目的探讨三叶因子Ⅱ(Trefoil factors2,TFF2)在胃癌和癌前病变中的表达及与幽门螺杆菌感染(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)的关系。方法选取经病理证实的慢性浅表性胃炎、胃溃疡、慢性萎缩性胃炎和胃癌4种不同胃黏膜病变的标本140例,用免疫组化法检测标本中TFF2的表达及H.pylori的感染情况,并分析TFF2的表达与H.pylori的感染的关系。结果在慢性浅表性胃炎、胃溃疡、慢性萎缩性胃炎和胃癌中,TFF2和H.pylori的表达率依序呈逐渐增加的趋势,但TFF2在胃癌组织中表达降低。H.pylori阳性组TFF2的表达率低于阴性组,TFF2的阳性率与H.pylori感染率之间呈负相关(r=-0.335,P<0.05)。结论 TFF2的表达和H.pylori的感染与肿瘤的发生密切相关,检测该指标可为胃癌诊断、判断预后和指导治疗提供理论依据。     

幽门螺杆菌与胃癌

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是一种革兰阴性微需氧菌,世界上约50%的人群有Hp感染.感染通常发生在儿童时期,如不进行治疗,可终身定植于人的胃黏膜上皮,引起多种胃肠道疾病.     

幽门螺杆菌L型感染及血管生成素的表达与胃癌血管生成的关系

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌L型(Hp-L)感染和血管生成素(Ang)在胃癌中的表达及与肿瘤血管生成的关系。方法采用革兰染色和免疫组化方法检测84例胃癌和30例癌旁正常组织中Hp-L型感染,应用免疫组化方法检测Ang-1、Ang-2蛋白表达水平,计数微血管密度(MVD),结合临床病理因素进行分析。结果胃癌组织中Hp-L型感染率、Ang-2阳性表达率、MVD值明显高于正常组织(P0.05),胃癌中Hp-L型感染与肿瘤分化程度、侵袭深度、临床分期、淋巴结转移有关(P0.05),与Ang-2表达、MVD呈正相关。胃癌组织中Ang-2表达与肿瘤大小、侵袭深度、淋巴结转移有关(P0.05),与MVD呈正相关。Ang-1在胃癌中表达略低于对照组,但无统计学差异(P0.05),Ang-1表达与侵袭深度和MVD呈负相关。结果 胃癌Hp-L型感染在肿瘤血管生成中起重要作用,其机制与Ang-2表达上调,Ang-2/Ang-1比例失衡有关。     

幽门螺杆菌与胃癌关系的研究进展

幽门螺杆菌（ＨＰ）是胃炎和胃溃疡的重要病原体,越年越多的流行病学调查表明,ＨＰ的感染与胃癌的发生也密切相关,因而对其致癌机制的研究日益成为人们关注的热点。但目前对其机制所知不多,有关文章主要分析了ＨＰ感染所引起的炎性刺激,ＨＰ感染对人染色体结构和功能的改变,以及ＨＰ感染所致细胞程序性死亡变化对肿瘤发生的影响。本文就将这几方面的内容作一综述。     

Epigenetic changes in gastric cancer induction by Helicobacter pylori

Epigenetic disorder mechanisms are one of the causes of cancer. The most important of these changes is the DNA methylation, which leads to the spread of Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory processes followed by induction of DNA methylation disorder. Mutations and epigenetic changes are the two main agents of neoplasia. Epithelial cells infection by H. pylori associated with activating several intracellular pathways including: MAPK, NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K are affects a variety of cells and caused to an increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines, changes in apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and ultimately leads to the transformation of epithelial cells into oncogenic. The arose of free radicals impose the DNA cytosine methylation, and NO can increase the activity of DNA methyltransferase. H. pylori infection causes an environment that mediates inflammation and signaling pathways that probably caused to stomach tumorigenicity. The main processes that change by decreasing or increasing the expression of various microRNAs expressions include immune responses, apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy. In this review will be describe a probably H. pylori roles in infection and mechanisms that have contribution in epigenetic changes in the promoter of genes.     

Current information on the association of Helicobacter pylori with autophagy and gastric cancer

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium and causative agent of gastric cancer. H. pylori induce defective autophagy or inhibit it by means of CagA and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) toxins leading to the gastric cancer induction. Impaired or defective autophagy leads to the accumulation of cytotoxic materials, such as ROS and P62 that lead to increased mutations in the DNA, genome instability, and risk of cancer formation. H. pylori CagA may inhibit autophagy through the c-Met-PI3k/Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. However, VacA induces autophagy by some signaling pathways. In the gastric epithelial cells, VacA is a necessary and sufficient factor for the creation of autophagy. While CagA is a negative regulator of this phenomenon, the elimination of this gene from H. pylori has increased autophagy and the production of inflammatory cytokines is reduced. In gastrointestinal cancers, some of the microRNAs (miRNAs) act as tumor suppressors and some other are oncogenes by regulating various genes expression. H. pylori can also modify autophagy through a mechanism that includes the function of miRNAs. In autophagy, oncogenic miRNAs inhibit activation of some tumor suppressor signaling pathways (e.g., ULK1 complex, Beclin-1 function, and Atg4 messaging), whereas tumor suppressor miRNAs can block the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. For instance, Beclin-1 is negatively regulated by miRNA-376b (oncogenic miRNA) and miRNA-30a (tumor suppressor miRNA). Similarly, Atg4 by miRNA-376b (oncogenic miRNA) and miRNA-101 (tumor suppressor miRNA). So, this apparent paradox can be explained as that both Beclin-1 and Atg4 play different roles in a particular cell or tissue.     

胃黏膜菌群与幽门螺杆菌的相关性

除幽门螺杆菌之外,胃黏膜内还定居着大量细菌,占主导地位的是厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和梭杆菌门。幽门螺杆菌和胃黏膜菌群之间可通过竞争营养和空间、扰乱抑菌肽的分泌以及改变宿主胃生理环境等直接或间接相互影响。本研究总结了胃内正常菌群的组成特征,分析了胃黏膜菌群与幽门螺杆菌之间的相互关系及其潜在机制,并进一步探讨了胃黏膜菌群对幽门螺杆菌相关胃部疾病的影响,有利于深入理解慢性胃病的发病机制,为疾病预防及治疗提供理论依据。     

Helicobacter pylori antibodies and gastric cancer: a gender-related difference

Helicobacter pylori has been proposed as a causative agent of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to define serum antibodies response against different H. pylori antigens in patients with gastric cancer. Serum samples were collected from 115 Lithuanian patients with non-cardia gastric cancer and 110 age- and sex-matched controls without cancer. Heat-stable, low-molecular-mass, and outer membrane proteins were used as antigens to analyze serum IgG antibody response against H. pylori by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Seroprevalence of H. pylori using low-molecular-mass antigen was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients, compared to controls (77% versus 57%, p<0.05). Significant differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection between gastric cancer patients and controls were found in females using all three studied antigens: heat-stable (98% versus 84%, p<0.05), low-molecular-mass (88% versus 48%, p<0.05) and outer membrane proteins (78% versus 57%, p<0.05). In males, no significant differences were revealed between gastric cancer patients and controls. There may be other cofactors in addition to H. pylori that are important for the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori seems, however, to be a more important for development of gastric cancer in females than in males or males may have more confounding risk factors for gastric cancer than females.     

胃微生物菌群与幽门螺杆菌感染的胃贲门腺癌发病相关性分析

目的 研究胃微生物菌群与胃贲门腺癌发病的相关性。方法 选择2016年4月—2018年4月在本院就诊的胃贲门腺癌（GCA）患者109例。患者均经病理科组织病理确诊为GCA。对照组为健康人群100例,根据有无H. pylori检出将对照组和GCA组患者分为有H. pylori和无H. pylor,其中对照组有H. pylori检出19例,无H. pylori检出81例,GCA组有H. pylori检出53例,无H. pylori检出56例。用胃镜采集标本,胃镜采集镜下正常的贲门胃黏膜。样本取材后置于无菌冻存管放入液氮中保存,使用16S rRNA的方法进行胃黏膜微生物种类检测。结果 GCA组患者幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori）感染比例明显高于对照组,无论有无H. pylori感染的对照组人群中,丰度较高的菌属是不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）,罗斯氏菌（Rothhia）,嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus）,拟杆菌（Bacteroides）,链球菌（Streptococcus）,韦荣球菌（Veillonella）,普氏菌（Prevotella）。无H. pylori组内,GCA组样本中普氏菌（Prevotella）、瓦氏菌（Shewanella）、盐单胞菌（Halomonas）丰度明显高于对照组,有H. pylori组内,GCA组样本中普氏菌（Prevotella）、瓦氏菌（Shewanella）、盐单胞菌（Halomonas）、卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas）、梭杆菌（Fusobacterium）丰度明显高于对照组,不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）明显低于对照组。有H. pylori的GCA组样本中普氏菌（Prevotella）、瓦氏菌（Shewanella）、盐单胞菌（Halomonas）、卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas）、梭杆菌（Fusobacterium）丰度明显高于无H. pylori的GCA组,不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）明显低于无H. pylori的GCA组。结果还发现GCA与普氏菌（Prevotella）、瓦氏菌（Shewanella）、盐单胞菌（Halomonas）、卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas）、梭杆菌（Fusobacterium）正相关,与不动杆菌（Acinetobacter）负相关。结论 GCA患者胃内菌群数量和结果与健康人群存在明显差异,H. pylori可能影响胃内菌群结构在GCA发病中发挥作用。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与胃癌相关基因的筛选及预后分析

目的 通过分析幽门螺杆菌感染胃黏膜组织和胃癌细胞系后的差异基因变化,并在癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库和肿瘤基因芯片(Oncomine)数据库进行验证,探究幽门螺杆菌导致胃癌发生、发展的分子机制。 方法 分析基因表达汇编(Gene Expression Omnibus,GEO)数据库幽门螺杆菌感染相关芯片集GSE5081与GSE70394,绘制维恩图查找幽门螺杆菌感染后共同上调的差异基因。对共同上调的差异基因进行功能富集分析。通过TCGA和Oncomine数据库验证差异基因在胃癌中的表达。利用Kaplan Meier Plotter数据库和GEPIA数据库分析差异基因表达高低与胃癌患者预后是否存在相关性。 结果 通过差异基因筛选和维恩分析,两个芯片集共有21个共同上调差异基因。GO分析发现共同上调差异基因主要富集在对细菌来源分子的反应、趋化因子CXCR受体结合、中性粒细胞趋化作用等相关的基因功能上;KEGG通路主要富集在癌症通路、TNF信号通路、趋化因子信号通路等。STRING以及PPI数据库分析发现21个基因中PRDM1、IL10、NRP1、BIRC3、GNG13、CXCL1、CXCL2、CXCL3、CXCL8基因存在有网络关系,属于关键枢纽基因。通过TCGA和Oncomine数据库筛选及验证,发现在胃癌组织中NRP1、CXCL1、CXCL8 基因明显上调,结果差异有统计学意义(TCGA数据库中,三者P值均小于0.05,Oncomine数据库中,NRP1:t=4.607,P结论 不同的数据库均显示NRP1、CXCL1、CXCL8三个基因与幽门螺杆菌感染相关,同时在胃癌中高表达,并且NRP1的高表达与胃癌的不良预后相关,这些结果为进一步探究幽门螺杆菌导致胃癌发生、发展的分子机制提供了重要基础。     

pH-dependent binding of Helicobacter pylori to pig gastric mucins

A microtiter-based assay was developed to study the binding of Helicobacter pylori to pig gastric mucins purified by density-gradient centrifugation in CsCl/4 M guanidinium chloride. Binding of H. pylori was observed over the 'mucin' band as well as with 'low-density' components in the gradients, and binding to the latter was more pronounced when incubations were performed at 37 degrees C as compared to 20 degrees C. At a lower pH, binding of H. pylori (strain SVA 40) to the 'high-density' mucins from pig antrum was increased but binding to the 'low-density' ones was decreased. Binding of the P466 strain (Le(b)-specific) was mainly associated with the 'mucin' band, whereas the MO19 strain reacted preferentially with the 'low-density' components. In summary, H. pylori may bind to gastric mucins and the binding is influenced by temperature, pH and the repertoire of bacterial adhesins.     

PCR detection of Helicobacter pylori in string-absorbed gastric juice

Molecular methods for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection have been shown to be highly sensitive in gastric biopsies and cultures. The objective of this work was to compare PCR detection of H. pylori DNA in string-absorbed gastric juice and in gastric biopsies. The study was performed in 47 dyspeptic adult patients undergoing endoscopy, and infection was detected by amplification of a segment of H. pylori ureA gene. Of the 29 patients positive in biopsy analysis, 23 (79%) were also positive in the gastric string. PCR analysis of gastric strings is a sensitive and safe procedure to detect H. pylori when endoscopy is not indicated, and may be of great clinical and epidemiological usefulness in determining effectiveness of eradication therapies, typing virulence genes and detecting antibiotic resistance mutations.