论神昏与蛇毒内陷.毒入心包

中医温病学的理论,对指导蛇伤治疗临床的立法、选方、用药都具有实用意义。危重的蛇伤病人常可出现神昏。为了提高蛇伤危重症的抢救成功率,我们从温病学的基本观点出发,对神昏的辨证论治进行简要的复习。并探讨神昏的特点。神昏在卫、气、营、血各个阶段均可出现。叶天士早有明训:“大凡看法,卫之后方言气,营之后方言血”。“在卫汗之可也,到气才可清气,入营犹可透热转气……,入血就恐耗血动血,直须凉血散血”。不同阶段的神昏,其病机、证候均有不同,治法亦当有别。1、卫分神昏:系肺卫郁闭而致。邪犯肺卫,不从外解,郁闭气机,内热扰乱神明。证见发热、无汁、头痛、身重、神识昏蒙、舌红苔薄而干,或苔白腻,脉浮数,也可有濡脉。治宜“火郁发之”。张景岳说:“发,发越也,故当因势而解。散之,升之,扬之,如开其窗,如揭其被,皆谓发”。应微     

中国对虾红腿病药物防治的研究

本文重点对中国对虾(Penaeus oriemalis Kishinouye)“红腿病”进行物治防治的研究,试验中可看到患“红腿病”的试验虾,在药物的作用下,能控制病情的发展与蔓延,减少死亡。特别是中草药饵在防治中也有良好的疗效,药饵中加入矫味增效剂后,病虾对所投药饵能主动抱食,促进了药饵的合理利用,提高了防效。     

崔尚志中西医结合生平及思想

崔尚志（1924—1989）,辽宁名医,中西医结合的开拓者,活血化瘀研究的先驱者,毕生从事中西医结合防治冠心病的临床与研究。他参与研制了“冠心1号”等制剂,通过临床系列研究,总结其疗效规律,并率先开展动物实验研究,探讨中药制剂防治冠心病的作用机制。他主张中医“辨病”“辨证”与西医“辨病”相结合的方法辨证论治,以《内经》理论指导冠心病治疗,将冠心病辨为“心痹”病,分别气滞血瘀、气虚血瘀两大主证,并根据冠心病临床合并症不同,再分为阴虚阳亢等八个兼证。     

荔枝蝽传播龙眼鬼帚病的研究

荔枝蝽2龄以内若虫不会传病．3,4和5龄若虫及成虫均会传病．获毒着虫蜕皮后的高一龄若虫或羽化后的成虫不经再饲毒也能传病．荔枝蝽在田间的传病虫态主要是成虫,龙眼鬼帚病原病毒在成虫体内的循回期为4天(或短于4天）至34天．生产上治虫防病的关键时期是越冬成虫恢复活动,进入交尾产卵期和春夏之交若虫盛发期开展化防。把荔枝蝽防治在羽化传病之前．     

中药外治类风湿性关节炎临床概况

类风湿性关节炎 ( RA)是以慢性对称性多关节炎为主要表现的一种全身性免疫性疾病。本病属中医“痹症”范畴 ,中医在治痹上有悠久的历史和丰富的内容 ,采用中药内服治疗局部药效较差 ,中药外治则因药物直接作用于局部 ,药力直达病所而起效迅速 ,在患者中广被接受。现将近 1 0年来中药外治 RA取得的成效 ,综述如下。1　熏洗疗法　　熏洗疗法是利用药物煎煮汤液 ,趁热在患处进行熏蒸、淋洗和浸浴的一种治疗方法。此法借助药力和热力的作用改善病变部位的血液循环和代谢 ,促进渗液的吸收 ,减轻炎症反应 ,达到治疗效果。如陈允旺 [1]等用顽痹气…     

腰椎间盘突出症辩证分型的饮食调护

中国古代行医十分重视“食疗”、“药膳”的作用。《金匮要略》中记载“所食之味,有与病相宜,有与身为害,若得宜则益体,害则成疾”。又有“食治胜于药治,药补不如食补”之说法。进一步阐明了饮食在疾病的发生、康复和转归中的作用。笔者以中医有关饮食的理论为指导思...     

鲑鱼隐鞭虫病及其防治策略

鲑鱼隐鞭虫病的病原为Cryptobiasalmositica。据报道,北美西海岸的所有大西洋鲑(Oncorhynchusspp.)均有该虫的寄生。该病除了通常情况下经河流中的水蛭传播外,在特定的条件下可直接经鱼类传播。鲑隐鞭虫病的临床症状包括贫血、食欲减退、脾脏肿大、全身性水肿、腹水性腹胀。被感染的鱼类需要付出巨大的能量代价,表现出明显的新陈代谢及游泳功能的衰退。鱼体对缺氧相当敏感,免疫系统也受到抑制。鱼类对隐鞭虫病的感染严重程度和死亡率可因鱼种而存在差异。预防感染的有效策略包括选育抗隐鞭虫的新品种,“抗隐鞭虫感染”在遗传上是孟德尔显性遗传。在抗隐鞭虫的鱼体内,虫体可被宿主免疫系统的“补体旁路途径”所裂解。在“隐鞭虫耐受性鱼”(处于感染状态但未发病)的血液中存在一种天然的抗蛋白酶———α2巨球蛋白,可以中和分泌的金属蛋白酶(毒力因子)。因此,繁殖转基因“隐鞭虫耐受性”鲑鱼是一种很好的选择,而无需通过疫苗和药物来治疗隐鞭虫病。康复后的鱼体具有对该病的免疫保护力,因而,利用这一特点采取疫苗免疫也是防治隐鞭虫病的另一种策略。我们所研制的致弱疫苗单一剂量免疫鱼体可获得至少两年的免疫保护。免疫保护机制包括产生“抗体结合补体”、强化吞噬作用及细胞介导的细胞毒作用。氯化氮氨菲啶是防治隐鞭虫病的有效药物,它通过溶解虫体而杀灭寄生虫,也可在线粒体中富集,显著影响有氧呼吸的顺利进行并造成线粒体的损伤。通过药物与抗体连接可以显著增强药效,这种利用“免疫化学疗法”控制鲑隐鞭虫病的策略,其优点在于减小了药物剂量,因而大大降低了化学治疗所引起的副作用。对于食用性鱼类而言,减少药物在鱼体的富集符合食品安全的需要     

新疆石河子地区印度麻花叶病植株病毒分离物的鉴定

1984年,从新疆石河子农学院实验站印度麻花叶病植株上,分离到一株病毒分离物Sc-1,经汁液摩擦接种试验表明,它可以侵染10种豆科植物和2种藜科植物。在印度麻、蚕豆、豌豆、箭舌豌豆、扁豆、山藜豆、田菁和红三叶草上引起系统花叶,在豇豆上产生局部枯斑和系统花叶,在苋色藜、昆诺藜上表现为系统黄斑。失毒温度为55～60℃,稀释限点10~(-3)～10~(-4),体外保毒期3～4天。可经汁液和蚜虫传播,不通过种子传毒。病毒粒体为线条状,大小为13～15×750nm。光学显微镜检查可见,病叶表皮细胞内形成不定形的内含体。电镜下可见风轮状、环状内含体。分离物Sc-1与菜豆黄色花叶病毒(BYMV)抗血清呈阳性反应。我们将Sc-1归为菜豆黄色花叶病毒(BYMV),且为豇豆株系。     

朊毒体病治疗对策的研究进展

朊毒体病又称传染性海绵状脑病(TSE),是一类人畜共患的慢性、致死性中枢神经系统退行性疾病,可表现为传染性、遗传性和散发性3种形式。朊蛋白PrP^c向PrP^Sc的转化以及PrP^Sc的复制是TSE致病的关键。目前已发现多种化合物可针对朊毒体扩散和复制的不同环节在体外或动物模型中发挥一定的抗朊毒体活性,其中几种药物已进行了初期临床试验。近年来PrP抗体的研究引起了人们广泛的兴趣,提示主、被动免疫可能成为有效的防治策略。     

从菌群失调与泄泻的关系论中医的同病异治

同病异治理论是中医学的重要治疗原则之一, 强调的是中医证候的差异。肠道菌群作为人体代谢和免疫的重要组成部分对于中医证候的形成有着不容忽视的作用, 同一疾病的不同中医证候必然存在不同的肠道菌群特征。泄泻是一种常见的胃肠道疾病, 与菌群失调密切相关。从肠道菌群失调与泄泻的关系出发, 理解中医同病异治的理论, 将充分展示中医的守正创新。本文通过论述菌群失调的内涵、菌群失调与泄泻的相关性、泄泻不同病因引起的菌群失调差异和同病异治理论在菌群失调治疗中的应用, 希望能从肠道菌群的视角初步阐明中医同病异治理论的内涵, 进一步促进同病异治理论在菌群失调相关疾病治疗中的应用。

     

After the virus has cleared—Can preclinical models be employed for Long COVID research?

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can cause the life-threatening acute respiratory disease called COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) as well as debilitating multiorgan dysfunction that persists after the initial viral phase has resolved. Long COVID or Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is manifested by a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, dyspnea, arthralgia, myalgia, heart palpitations, and memory issues sometimes affecting between 30% and 75% of recovering COVID-19 patients. However, little is known about the mechanisms causing Long COVID and there are no widely accepted treatments or therapeutics. After introducing the clinical aspects of acute COVID-19 and Long COVID in humans, we summarize the work in animals (mice, Syrian hamsters, ferrets, and nonhuman primates (NHPs)) to model human COVID-19. The virology, pathology, immune responses, and multiorgan involvement are explored. Additionally, any studies investigating time points longer than 14 days post infection (pi) are highlighted for insight into possible long-term disease characteristics. Finally, we discuss how the models can be leveraged for treatment evaluation, including pharmacological agents that are currently in human clinical trials for treating Long COVID. The establishment of a recognized Long COVID preclinical model representing the human condition would allow the identification of mechanisms causing disease as well as serve as a vehicle for evaluating potential therapeutics.     

Susceptibility to COVID‐19 in populations with health disparities: Posited involvement of mitochondrial disorder,socioeconomic stress,and pollutants

SARS‐CoV‐2 is a novel betacoronavirus that has caused the global health crisis known as COVID‐19. The implications of mitochondrial dysfunction with COVID‐19 are discussed as well as deregulated mitochondria and inter‐organelle functions as a posited comorbidity enhancing detrimental outcomes. Many environmental chemicals (ECs) and endocrine‐disrupting chemicals can do damage to mitochondria and cause mitochondrial dysfunction. During infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 via its binding target ACE2 and TMPRSS2 can disrupt mitochondrial function. Viral genomic RNA and structural proteins may also affect the normal function of the mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi apparatus. Drugs considered for treatment of COVID‐19 should consider effects on organelles including mitochondria functions. Mitochondrial self‐balance and clearance via mitophagy are important in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, which indicate monitoring and protection of mitochondria against SARS‐CoV‐2 are important. Mitochondrial metabolomic analysis may provide new indicators of COVID‐19 prognosis. A better understanding of the role of mitochondria during SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may help to improve intervention therapies and better protect mitochondrial disease patients from pathogens as well as people living with poor nutrition and elevated levels of socioeconomic stress and ECs.     

Allocation of scarce resources in Africa during COVID‐19: Utility and justice for the bottom of the pyramid?

The COVID‐19 pandemic has raised important universal public health challenges. Conceiving ethical responses to these challenges is a public health imperative but must take context into account. This is particularly important in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). In this paper, we examine how some of the ethical recommendations offered so far in high‐income countries might appear from a SSA perspective. We also reflect on some of the key ethical challenges raised by the COVID‐19 pandemic in low‐income countries suffering from chronic shortages in health care resources, and chronic high morbidity and mortality from non‐COVID‐19 causes. A parallel is drawn between the distribution of severity of COVID‐19 disease and the classic “Fortune at the bottom of the pyramid” model that is relevant in SSA. Focusing allocation of resources during COVID‐19 on the ‘thick’ part of the pyramid in Low‐to‐Middle Income Countries (LMICs) could be ethically justified on utilitarian and social justice grounds, since it prioritizes a large number of persons who have been economically and socially marginalized. During the pandemic, importing allocation frameworks focused on the apex of the pyramid from the global north may therefore not always be appropriate. In a post‐COVID‐19 world, we need to think strategically about how health care systems can be financed and structured to ensure broad access to adequate health care for all who need it. The root problems underlying health inequity, exposed by COVID‐19, must be addressed, not just to prepare for the next pandemic, but to care for people in resource poor settings in non‐pandemic times.     

Zooming Toward a Telehealth Solution for Vulnerable Children with Obesity During Coronavirus Disease 2019

Health inequities exist throughout the life course, resulting in racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity and obesity‐related health complications. Obesity and its comorbidities appear to be linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mortality. Approaches to reduce obesity in the time of COVID‐19 closures are urgently needed and should start early in life. In New York City, a telehealth pediatric weight‐management collaborative spanning NewYork‐Presbyterian, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Weill Cornell Medicine was developed during COVID‐19 with show rates from 76% to 89%. To stave off the impending exacerbation of health disparities related to obesity risk factors in the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic, effective interventions that can be delivered remotely are urgently needed among vulnerable children with obesity. Challenges in digital technology access, social and linguistic differences, privacy security, and reimbursement must be overcome to realize the full potential of telehealth for pediatric weight management among low‐income and racial/ethnic‐minority children.     

Scientific research progress of COVID‐19/SARS‐CoV‐2 in the first five months

A cluster of pneumonia (COVID‐19) cases have been found in Wuhan China in late December, 2019, and subsequently, a novel coronavirus with a positive stranded RNA was identified to be the aetiological virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS‐CoV‐2), which has a phylogenetic similarity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV). SARS‐CoV‐2 transmits mainly through droplets and close contact and the elder or people with chronic diseases are high‐risk population. People affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 can be asymptomatic, which brings about more difficulties to control the transmission. COVID‐19 has become pandemic rapidly after onset, and so far the infected people have been above 2 000 000 and more than 130 000 died worldwide according to COVID‐19 situation dashboard of World Health Organization ( https://covid19.who.int ). Here, we summarized the current known knowledge regarding epidemiological, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical features, comorbidities and treatment of COVID‐19/ SARS‐CoV‐2 as reference for the prevention and control COVID‐19.     

Lessons from the Ebola epidemics and their applications for COVID‐19 pandemic response in sub‐Saharan Africa

COVID‐19, caused by a novel coronavirus named SARS‐CoV‐2, was identified in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. It was first confirmed in sub‐Saharan Africa in Nigeria on 27 February 2020 and has since spread quickly to all sub‐Saharan African countries, causing more than 111,309 confirmed cases and 2,498 deaths as of 03 June 2020. The lessons learned during the recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks in some sub‐Saharan African countries were expected to shape and influence the region’s responses to COVID‐19 pandemic. However, some of the challenges associated with the management of the EVD outbreaks persist and create obstacles for the effective management of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This article describes the commonalities between the EVD epidemics and COVID‐19 pandemic, with a view to draw on lessons learned to effectively tackle the ongoing pandemic. Key successes, failures and lessons learned from previous EVD outbreaks are discussed. Recommendations on how these lessons can be translated to strengthen the COVID‐19 response in sub‐Saharan Africa are provided.     

中医药治疗胃溃疡的特色

胃溃疡是临床常见但十分棘手的消化系统疾病,主要临床表现为长期性、周期性、节律性上腹部疼痛。现代治疗多采用西医治疗,效果显著,但复发率高、不良反应较大。大量研究表明,祖国医学对治疗胃溃疡具有独特的优势,且在临床上取得了良好的疗效,尤其是大大降低了胃溃疡的复发率。关于中医药治疗胃溃疡的方式非常成熟且规范全面,主要包括辨证论治、专方加减、专药治疗、其他中医治法等,说明中医药治疗胃溃疡具有一定的特色及广阔的前景,同时也面临一些问题,需要医务人员共同思考并解决。现将中医药治疗胃溃疡的现状概述如下。     

中西医结合探析COVID-19所致细胞因子风暴

COVID-19大流行已成为一场全球危机, 比以往任何其他传染病都更具破坏性。研究表明, 引起COVID-19的病毒SARS-CoV-2的毒力主要取决于宿主异常免疫反应的触发, 而不是病毒直接诱导的细胞损伤, 尤其是细胞因子风暴的产生。所谓细胞因子风暴, 即机体对外界刺激产生的一种过激免疫反应对自身组织器官所造成的损伤, 大大增加了重症患者的救治难度, 也是目前造成年轻患者死亡的主要原因之一。由于细胞因子风暴产生机制复杂, 因此目前缺乏早期预警指标和特异的有效治疗措施。本文分别从现代医学和传统医学视角解析细胞因子风暴产生机制和治疗策略, 探究二者的局限性以及中西医结合治疗的优势, 为临床实践和深入科研攻关提供线索和思路。