中国东北地区滨棘虫兆族一新种及一新记录种（弹尾纲：棘虫兆科）

记述采自中国东北地区棘虫兆科滨棘虫兆族Thalassaphorurini1新种:宋氏异棘虫兆Allonyc hiurus songi sp.nov.及1新记录种:利富滨棘虫兆Thalassaphorura lifouensis(Thibaud&Weiner,1997),附详细描述及特征图。研究标本保存于中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室。     

浙江省洞头拟裸长角虫兆属一新种（长角虫兆科：弹尾纲）

记述浙江省洞头岛拟祼长角虫兆属1无眼新种,岛屿拟裸长角虫兆Coecobrya islandica Shi&Pan sp.nov.。此新种的鉴定特征为无眼,弹器基具"光滑"刚毛,胫胕节内侧无"光滑"刚毛,下唇MREL1L2为光滑刚毛,X和X4为光滑刺状小刚毛,上唇基刚毛,腹部第II–IV节的感觉毛以及背部毛序。该新种与短毛拟裸长角虫兆Coecobrya brevis Xu et al.,2012最相似。本文给出了该新种的特征图及与相似种的详细特征比较。模式标本保存于台州学院生命科学学院和南京农业大学植保学院昆虫系。     

广东丽虫兆属一新种（弹尾纲：爪虫兆科）

记述广东弹尾纲 1 新种广东丽虫兆Callyntrura (Javaphysa) guangdon gensis sp. nov.,该新种与C. (J.) javana Yosii,1992 在上唇和下唇上比较相似,但是它们在体色、齿节刚毛、头部 V0 大毛、胸部第2节毛序有较大的区别。     

浙江省大雷山刺齿虫兆属一新种描述（弹尾纲：长角虫兆科）

记述浙江省大雷山刺齿虫兆属 1 新种,张氏刺齿虫兆Homidia zhangi sp. nov., 该种鉴别特征有体色,光滑下唇毛 L1,腹部第 4 节后侧中间 3+3 根大刚毛及长度相近的特化毛,腹部第 1 节和第 5 节特化毛的相对位置以及腹管侧瓣和弹器端区的大量纤毛状刚毛。模式标本保存于南京大学生命科学学院和台州学院生命科学学院。     

中国南京地区刺齿虫兆属一新种(弹尾目:长角(虫兆)科)

本文记述刺齿(虫兆)属Homidia 1新种--斑纹刺齿(虫兆)Homidia fascia, sp.nov.(Figs.1～16),该种有些特征可与H. tibetensis Chen & Zhong, 1998 相似,但下唇刚毛L1,第4腹节毛序和腹管毛序可与后者区分.正模♀, 副模13♀♀,江苏南京南唐二陵,1996-Ⅲ-6,存于南京大学生物系.     

刺齿虫兆属温州一新种及浙江分种检索表（弹尾纲：长角虫兆科）

记述刺齿虫兆属温州 1 新种:六毛刺齿虫兆Homidia hexaseta sp. nov.,该种的鉴别特征包括体色,下唇具光滑毛L1,头背部顶区具6根大刚毛,胸部第Ⅱ节具p4系列大刚毛,腹部第Ⅲ节中间具a2大刚毛,腹部第Ⅳ节具B6和Ae5-7大刚毛以及端节亚顶端齿远大于顶端齿。同时,本文还给出了浙江省刺齿虫兆属分种检索表。正模:♀,浙江省温州市泰顺县乌岩岭国家自然保护区,采集号C9271-4,2005-Ⅶ-29;副模:5♀♀。其中两头雌性副模标本保存于台州学院生命科学学院,其余标本保存于南京大学生命科学学院。     

一个中国新纪录种细齿(虫兆)以及微小(虫兆)的重描述

重新描述了广泛分布于中国的微小(虫兆)Ceratophysella adexilu Stach,1964.该种目前分布于北京、南京,河北(新纪录),上海(新纪录),浙江(新纪录),湖南(新纪录)等地.经核对模式标本,尹氏(虫兆)Hypogastrura yinae Yue & Fu,2000是微小姚的新异名.细齿(虫兆)Ceratophysella denticulata(Bagnall,1941)是一个世界广布种,但该种在中国是首次报道.     

中国浙江省刺齿虫兆属一新种(弹尾目:长角虫兆科)

本文记述了中国刺齿虫兆属１新种——天台刺齿虫兆Ｈｏｍｉｄｉａｔｉａｎｔａｉｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。该种色斑明显不同于此属所有已知种。它的许多特征与朝鲜的Ｈ．ｆｌａｖｏｎｉｇｒａＳｚｅｐｔｙｃｋｉ,１９７３相似,但上唇、下唇和弹器齿节基部等处的刚毛及腹部第ＩＩ节的毛序可区分两者。正模♀,浙江天台山,采集号８５３７,１９９６－ＶＩＩ－１６;副模５♀♀,采集号８５３５、８５３６和８５３７,其它同正模。模式标本保存于南京大学生物系。     

长江中游鱼类寄生棘头虫区系的研究

经过3年10次调查,剖检湖北省宜都、黄冈两处江段所产72种鱼类,共计766尾。收集棘头虫10种,其中包括2新种和1新组合,即蛇鮈新棘吻虫(新种)Neoechinorhynchus saurogobi sp.nov.,长江丽棘虫(新种)Brentisentis yangtzensis sp.nov.(Illiosontidae),鲤丽棘虫(新组合)B.cyprini comb.nov.。对长江中游鱼类寄生棘头虫区系的特点进行了分析和探讨。     

刺齿(虫兆)属温州—新种及浙江分种检索表(弹尾纲:长角(虫兆)科)

记述刺齿(虫兆)属温州1新种:六毛刺齿(虫兆) Homidia hexaseta sp.nov.,该种的鉴别特征包括体色,下唇具光滑毛L1,头背部顶区具6根大刚毛,胸部第Ⅱ节具p4系列大刚毛,腹部第Ⅲ节中间具a2大刚毛,腹部第Ⅳ节具B6和Ae5-7大刚毛以及端节亚顶端齿远大于顶端齿.同时,本文还给出了浙江省刺齿(虫兆)...     

板蓝根田节肢动物群落的结构与多样性研究

为了解河南省板蓝根田节肢动物群落的结构组成及物种多样性,该研究采用5点随机取样,通过网捕法和目测法调查并记录了板蓝根植株及地面上的节肢动物种类和数量。结果表明:河南省板蓝根田节肢动物群落物种丰富,共采集到2 613头,隶属于2纲10目39科61种。其中,植食性种类和捕食性种类均为24种(各占39.34%),寄生性种类4种(占6.56%),中性种类9种(占14.75%)。蜘蛛的种类占群落总种数的比例最高(为21.31%),表明田间的蜘蛛种类最丰富。鳞翅目物种的个体数量远大于其他的目,占群落个体数的43.78%。菜青虫和小菜蛾的相对丰盛度最高,分别为0.184 8和0.162 6,说明二者是河南省板蓝根田的优势害虫。捕食性集团的均匀度指数最高,寄生性集团的优势度指数最高,其中小菜蛾幼虫的寄生性天敌菜蛾盘绒茧蜂的数量最大。     

Trichosporon siamense sp. nov. isolated from insect frass in Thailand

A strain of yeast isolated from insect frass collected in Thailand was found to represent a hitherto undescribed species of a basidiomycetous anamorphic genus Trichosporon. It is described as Trichosporon siamense. In the phylogenetic tree based on the D1/D2 region sequences of 26S rDNA, this yeast constitutes a cluster with several Q-9 having species of Trichosporon including T. otae and T. brassicae but is clearly differentiated from these species by 1.8% or more base substitutions. In the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and ITS2), this species differs from T. scarabaeorum, the nearest species, by 6.5% base substitution.     

Prevalence of Antibodies to Borrelia Spirochetes among Wild Small Rodents in Central and Western Japan

Field rodents serve as a reservoir for Lyme disease spirochetes. To evaluate the antibody responses of rodents against different Borrelia species in relation to fauna of vector ticks feeding on them, we examined 272 sera of wild rodents, Apodemus speciosus, A. argenteus, and Eothenomys smithii, obtained in 27 locations in central and western Japan from 1981 to 1994. As to prevalences by rodent species using immunoperoxidase test, A. speciosus, A. argenteus and E. smithii showed 29.4%, 11.6% and 30.8% reactivity to Borrelia japonica, 10.7%, 7.2% and 3.8% to B. afzelii, 0.6%, 1.4% and 0% to B. garinii, and 14.7%, 7.2% and 11.5% to an unknown Borrelia species designated as It type, respectively. Each antibody to B. japonica, B. afzelii and B. sp. It type was detected widely both in central and western Japan, but the antibody to B. garinii was scarcely detectable in any area and rodent species examined. Apodemus mice in high mountain altitudes tend to have antibody to B. afzelii or B. japonica, and those in lower altitudes tend to have B. japonica or B. sp. It type. All 13 Apodemus mice from which B. japonica or B. sp. It type were isolated showed higher titers of antibodies to each homologous Borrelia species. The present results indicate that these antibody prevalences among rodents may be associated with dominant Ixodes ovatus and sporadic I. persulcatus on the mainland of Japan, and that Apodemus mice may not be an efficient reservoir for B. garinii. Such a serosurvey is a useful measure to evaluate the natural distribution of the pathogen.     

Hyperproduction of Orotic Acid and Orotidine by Mutants of Bacillus subtilis

The fatty acid composition of lipids in various organs and in the stomach contents of two species of frigate mackerel, Auxis rocheri and Auxis thazard, related to the tuna species was determined. Docosahexaenoic acid was the dominant unsaturated fatty acid accounting for 20% or more of the total fatty acids in all organs of the two frigate mackerel species (mean ±S.D.: 22.6 ± 6.0% for rocheri, 28.0 ± 4.3% for A. thazard), while the fatty acids in lipids from their stomach contents were comparatively low (1.5–13.0% for A. rocheri, 15.4–16.5% for A. thazard). It is suggested that the high content of DHA in the lipids of tuna species is a general characteristic.     

Revision of the cyprinid genus Placocheilus Wu, 1977 in China,with description of a new species from Yunnan

Placocheilus is re-diagnosed on the basis of oromandibular structures compared to those of closely related groups. It is represented in China by three species restricted to Yunnan, namely P. caudofasciatus from the Tengtiaohe River (Nam Na), P. cryptonemus from the Nujiang Rive (upper Salween River basin), and P. robustus, herein described as a new species from the Yuanjiang River (Red River basin). P. robustus n. sp. is differentiated from its congeners in having a stout caudal peduncle (depth 72.4–82.5% of its length) and the medium-sized scaleless midventral region of belly extended slightly beyond halfway from the pectoral- to pelvic-fin origin. It is further distinguished from P. caudofasciatusin having a coarsely crenulated rostral fold with 18–23 indentations on its distal margin and a smaller mental adhesive disc (length 66.7–71.4% of its width and 37.0–43.1% of the head length).     

An annotated checklist of the fish fauna of the river systems draining the Kahuzi-Biega National Park (Upper Congo: Eastern DR Congo)

The Kahuzi-Biega National Park (KBNP), situated mainly in the Eastern Highlands Ecoregion of the Upper Congo basin, is drained by the Lowa and Ulindi rivers, and some western affluents of Lake Kivu. In this study, the first list of the fish diversity of these systems is provided based on museum collections and complemented, for the Lowa River system and the western Lake Kivu affluents, with recently collected specimens (2013–2017). A total of 118 species are reported from the Lowa basin, 22 from the Ulindi basin and seven from these Lake Kivu affluents. Within the Lowa and Ulindi, respectively, five and one species, all cichlids, have been introduced. Currently, 51 species are reported from within the park, only two of which have been reported from the highlands, i.e., Amphilius kivuensis from the Luha, the source of the Luka River, and Clarias liocephalus from the headwaters of the Lake Kivu’ affluents. With a total of 30 species, Cyprinidae is by far the largest family, representing 25% of the total species diversity of the Lowa basin. It is followed by Mormyridae with 13 species (11%), Alestidae and Mochokidae with 10 species each (8%), Clariidae and Amphiliidae with eight species (7%), and Distichodontidae with six species (5%). Seven new species for science were discovered and 11 species were found to be endemic to the Lowa system. Although further exploration is needed, this underscores the importance of the KBNP in protecting the fish fauna of the Lowa basin but also highlights the park's limited coverage of the fish fauna of the Lowa basin.     

Saccopharynx berteli, a new gulper eel from the Pacific Ocean (Teleostei, Saccopharyngidae)

A new species,Saccopharynx berteli, is described from one specimen collected in the Central Pacific Ocean. It differs from the other nine species in the genus in morphometric characters, principally including the extreme elongation of the caudal region (88.5% of TL) compared with 71–82% in the other species.     

Distribution, prevalence and intensity of earthworm populations in arable land and grassland in Scotland

The earthworms of arable and pasture fields from 100 randomly chosen arable farms were identified and counted and their relationship with soil factors examined. Thirteen species of earthworm were recorded including Lumbricus friendi from Scotland for the first time. The most prevalent and numerous species were Aporrectodea longa, Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris. All earthworm species had cosmopolitan distributions apart from Aporrectodea nocturna and Lumbricus festivus which were confined to southern/central Scotland. Four soil characteristics (% moisture, % sand, % organic matter and pH) shared no relationship with species recorded but tillage may have had a detrimental effect on species composition and size of population. It is suggested that the magnitudes of the earthworm populations found, particularly in permanent pasture, were important in maintaining soil structure and fertility, and the spread of the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata), an obligate predator of earthworms, could have a considerable impact on agricultural productivity and wildlife in Scotland.     

A new species of the genus Acyrtus on the eastern Pacific: A cornerstone for the evolution and biogeography of the genus

The genus Acyrtus Schultz, 1944 currently includes four species distributed in the western Atlantic (WA), three occurring from the Bahamas to the southern Caribbean, and one endemic to the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in north-east Brazil. We describe a new species of Acyrtus based on morphology and genetics from several individuals caught at artificial hard substrates deployed between 10 and 16 m deep at Malpelo Island, Colombian Pacific. The Malpelo clingfish, Acyrtus arturo new species, differs from all its WA congeners by a combination of morphology, meristics and genetics. This species is unique within Acyrtus in having the greatest number of caudal rays (12–13). It can also be distinguished by the greater body height (19.8–27.8% standard length), its longer disc (34.0–39.1% standard length) and the greater distance between anus and disc (13.9–18.1% standard length). A. arturo sp. nov. is the first Acyrtus so far recorded from the eastern Pacific and adds to the already high number of fishes endemic to Colombia's remote oceanic territory of Malpelo.     

Pichia nongkratonensis sp. nov., a new species of ascomycetous yeast isolated from insect frass collected in Thailand

A yeast strain isolated from insect frass collected in Thailand was found to represent a new species of the genus Pichia. It is described as Pichia nongkratonensis sp. nov. In the phylogenetic tree based on the D1/D2 domain sequences of 26S rDNA, this yeast constitutes a cluster with Pichia dryadoides with high bootstrap confidence level; however, it differs from the latter species by 5.6% base substitutions. Pichia nongkaratonensis resembles P. dryadoides also in the phenotypic characteristics but is distinguished from this species by the assimilation of several carbon and nitrogen compounds.