中国绿芫菁属新记录亚属——印绿芫菁亚属及一新记录种记述(鞘翅目:芫菁科,绿芫菁族)

首次报道绿芫菁属Lytta Fabricius, 1775印绿芫菁亚属Indiolytta Selander, 1960和端黑绿芫菁Lytta(Indiolytta)melanura(Hope, 1831)在中国的分布。标本采自广西壮族自治区宁明县那才村,保存在中山大学生物博物馆。此外,给出端黑绿芫菁形态描述和特征图,并比较和讨论了该种与印绿芫菁亚属其他3种的区别。     

中国绿芫菁属一新种（鞘翅目：芫菁科）

记述采自中国河北的绿芫菁属Lytta Fabricius 1 新种:周氏绿芫菁Lytta choui sp. nov.。新种外形与绿边绿芫菁L. suturella (Motschulsky, 1860)十分相似,但新种:1)头部黄色额斑菱形;2)前足胫节末端 2 距,外距细小,内距大而弯;3)第8节背板锐角凹陷;4)前胸前缘凹陷较浅;5)中茎腹钩发达,阳茎细长等特征可与后者区别。文中还给出了新种的成虫和形态特征图。模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

中国北方常见芫菁分子物种界定(鞘翅目: 芫菁科)

【目的】应用线粒体COI和核CAD基因片段探讨自动条形码间隔探索(automatic barcode gapdiscovery, ABGD)、广义混合Yule溯祖模型(generalized mixed Yule coalescent, GMYC)、贝叶斯泊松树进程(Bayesian Poisson tree processes, bPTP)和贝叶斯系统发育和系统地理分析(Bayesianphylogenetics and phylogeography, BPP) 4种分析方法在芫菁科(Meloidae)昆虫分子物种界定中的适用性。【方法】分别基于COI, CAD和COI+CAD串联序列数据集,应用ABGD, GMYC, bPTP和BPP 4种方法对中国北方芫菁科常见的6属(沟芫菁属Hycleus、斑芫菁属Mylabris、豆芫菁属Epicauta、绿芫菁属Lytta、星芫菁属Megatrachelus和短翅芫菁属Meloe)18个形态种进行分子物种界定,并与形态学鉴定结果进行比较。【结果】利用COI+CAD串联序列数据集所得物种界定结果与形态鉴定结果一致;COI数据集使用ABGD和GMYC方法的界定结果与形态鉴定结果一致,而bPTP划分的物种数较形态鉴定结果多;基于CAD序列在3种单基因物种界定方法的结果中,除GMYC与形态划分一致外,其余均显示部分结果与形态划分不同。【结论】在芫菁科分子物种界定中,多基因联合序列、多种界定方法分析所得结果优于单一基因片段和界定方法的分析结果。本研究的结果为芫菁科昆虫的分子物种界定和整合分类提供了数据支持和参考。     

河北省芫菁种类记述(鞘翅目:芫菁科)

在多年野外物种考察基础上,依据河北大学馆藏标本和文献资料,对河北省的芫菁种类进行分类和整理,共计9属24种,其中丽斑芫菁Mylabris(Chalcabris)speciosa(Pallas,1781)、四星栉芫菁Megatrachelus politus(Ge-bler,1832)、二斑狭翅芫菁Stenoria(Stenoria)fasciata (Faldermann,1835)和异色带栉芫菁Zonigis fortuccii Fairmaire,1887为河北省新纪录种,并编制了属、种检索表.记述了各种的地理分布.     

沙地沟芫菁指名亚种在中国首次发现(鞘翅目:芫菁科)

报道采自中国新疆的沟芫菁属1新记录亚种——沙地沟芫菁指名亚种Hycleus tekkensis tekkensis (Heyden,1883),提供其特征图、整体图及生境照片,并首次根据鞘翅斑纹将其分为4种类型.观察标本分别保存在河北大学博物馆和新疆大学昆虫标本室.     

基于触角感器的部分芫菁属、种分类地位和关系分析(鞘翅目:芫菁科)

针对斑芫菁族分类系统中伪斑芫菁属Pseudabris分类关系的不确定,选择该族6个代表种,对其触角感器的形态特征、类型变化和分布位置做了记述、分析比较,提供了扫描电镜照片;基于14个触角特征的分析数据,构建了该族3个属和6个种可能的系统发育树。属间关系:沟芫菁属Hycleus+(伪斑芫菁Pseudabris+苹斑芫菁Mylabris);种间关系:(眼斑沟芫菁H.cichorii+大斑沟芫菁指名亚种H.phaleratus)+((长角伪斑芫菁P.hingstoni+长腹伪斑芫菁P.longiventris)+(苹斑芫菁M.calida+丽斑芫菁M.speciosa))。     

中国沟芫菁属分类研究及一新种记述(鞘翅目,芫菁科)

总结中国沟芫菁属Hycleus Latreille,1817并记述1新种:毛背沟芫菁Hycleus dorsetiferus sp.nov.及1新组合:多毛沟芫菁Hycleus hirtus(Tan,1992)comb.nov.。新种模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。提供了中国已知种类的分种检索表。     

细纹豆芫菁和大斑芫菁的性行为

本文对细纹豆芫菁EpicautamannerheimiM kl和大斑芫菁MylabrisphalerataPallas的求偶和交配过程进行了描述。列举了芫菁亚科 5族 1 3属 3 4种芫菁的性行为 ,并讨论了雄成虫在形态构造上对求偶和交配行为的适应性行为。     

基于后翅特征的中国芫菁科(鞘翅目,拟步甲总科)族级阶元系统发育分析

通过对中国芫菁科5族11属19种(亚种)后翅翅脉、翅关节和翅基部综合特征的比较形态学研究,归纳了族级特征,并用Hennig 86(1.5)软件对其后翅综合特征进行支序分析得出它们之间初步的进化关系,即栉芫菁族Nemognathini+(齿角芫菁族Cerocomini+(豆芫菁族Epicautini+(绿芫菁族Lyttini+斑芫菁族Mylabrini)))。     

Phylogenetics of Chinese Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) based on the chloroplast rps4-trnS sequence data

Dryopteris is one of the largest and most taxonomically complex fern genera in the Dryopteridaceae, with 127 species occurring throughout temperate, sub-temperate, subtropical, and tropical China. Investigations of the evolutionary relationships of a subset of these Chinese Dryopteris species, using DNA sequence-based methods, specifically tested the monophyly of the genus and the validity of the previous subgeneric classifications. Sixty species of Dryopteris, four closely related non-Dryopteris and three species of Arachniodes, were used as outgroup taxa. The rps4-trnS region of the chloroplast genome was sequenced in these species for the first time. Both maximum parsimony (MP) and neighbor-joining (NJ) analyses identified six polyphyletic clades that contained Dryopteris species. These results were supported by a Bayesian analysis of the same data set. The phylogenetic patterns strongly suggest the polyphyletic status of Dryopteris; the monophyletic groupings of the species do not correspond with either Fraser-Jenkins [In: Bull Brit Mus (Nat Hist) Bot 14(3):183–218, 1986} or Wu (In: Flora Reipublica Popularis Sinicae Tomus 5 (1) pp 1–241, 2000] subgeneric classification of Dryopteris, except in a few specific cases. This work represents the first molecular systematic analyses of Chinese Dryopteris, and we propose the next steps necessary to recognize new subgenera of the genus.     

A review of the systematic position of the North American species of the genusGlyptotendipes

The systematic position of the North American species of the genusGlyptotendipes is reviewed using morphological characters from all life history stages. The cladistic analysis revealed adult characters which support the monophyly of the three species groups (A, B and C) of PINDER and REISS (1983, 1986) for pupae and larvae. These species groups are given formal subgeneric status, with Group A becomingGlytotendipes, s.s., placingPhytotendipes Goetghebuer, 1937 in synonymy, Group B is namedCaulochironomus (type-species,Tendipes caulicola Kieffer, 1913) and Group C is namedTrichotendipes (type-species,Tendipes signatus Kieffer, 1911).     

Exudate flavones and flavanones in Origanum species and their interspecific variation

Surface flavonoids in nine species of Origanum, representing taxa from all three of the currently recognised subgeneric groups, were examined both by HPLC coupled to diode-array detection and APCI–MS. Many of the flavonoids present were characterised by O-substituent at C-6 (OH, OMe) and/or C-8 (OMe). In total, 25 flavones and flavanones are described in this study, of which 13 are new to the genus and 5,4′-dihydroxy-6,7,3′-trimethoxyflavanone is reported for the first time. Taxa in subgeneric Group A accumulated flavonoids with methoxyl groups at both C-6 and C-4′; however, taxa in subgeneric Group B did not accumulate 4′-methoxylated compounds, and taxa in Group C did not accumulate 6-methoxylated compounds.     

Anatomy of stem‐node‐leaf continuum in Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) in the Eastern Carpathians

Studies of the anatomical structure of the stem and leaf, with special emphasis on the organization of the vascular system, has been carried out on 13 Aconitum species from Aconitum subgenera Aconitum, Anthora and Lycoctonum. All investigated species show a more or less mesomorphic anatomical structure, typical for other Ranunculaceae. Hence, these species have similar trilacunar three‐trace organization of the nodal vascular system. In the stem the vascular system is open (with weakly developed cambium) or closed collateral, and incomplete (consisting of the bundles were represented), large complete, middle‐size complete and small incomplete or with weakly developed xylem. The number of vascular bundles in petioles appear to have no taxonomical value. Nevertheless, it was found that the spatial organization of these vascular bundles in the petiole are of taxonomic importance. As a result, the investigated species can be divided into four main groups congruent with the current sectional and subgeneric division of the genus. The only exception was A. × cammarum (A. sect. Acomarum) in which the is identical to that of A. sect. Cammarum. The most primitive vascularization is found in A. anthora, while the most advanced one is found in A. variegatum. The highly differentiated and distinct nodal anatomy of A. anthora suggests a high, plausibly subgeneric, taxonomical rank of this species.     

Phylogeny of Snub-Nosed Monkeys Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA,Cytochrome B,and 12S rRNA Sequences

Snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.) are confined to isolated mountainous regions in China and North Vietnam. Their systematic classification and phylogenetic relationship has been controversial. The structures of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b and 12S rRNA show that the 4 species of Rhinopithecus are quite different from other colobines. It is reasonable to regard them as an independent genus, as determined by external features, morphometric characters and behavior. However, whether or not there should be a subdivision between the Vietnamese and Chinese species at the subgeneric level remains to be clarified; more evidence from a large range of Asian colobine species is needed. The Guizhou species, Rhinopithecus brelichi, is a valid species, which is more closely related to Pygathrix than the other species ( R. roxellana, R. bieti and R. avunculus) are. Results also indicate that 3 species—Rhinopithecus roxellana, R. bieti and R. avunculus—might have diverged from R. brelichi, but the phylogenetic relationship of R. avunculus is not clear.     

A chemically defined medium for rearing Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Abstract

The endemic New Zealand genus Neolimnia is redescribed, and a key is given to the 14 species now included. Four new species are described - Neolimnia raiti, N. pepekeiti, N. ura, and N. repo. Two new synonymies are proposed; N. ocellata Tonnoir &; Malloch with N. castanea (Hutton); and N. dubiosa Tonnoir &; Malloch with N. irrorata Tonnoir &; Malloch. Lectotypes are designated for N. tranquilla (Hutton), N. castanea (Hutton), N. obscura (Hutton), and N. striata (Hutton). Male postabdomens of all species are illustrated. Character variation and generic, subgeneric, and species relationships are discussed briefly.     

Bulb tunic anatomy and its taxonomic implication in Allium L. (Amaryllidaceae: Allioideae)

Abstract

Allium is taxonomically a difficult genus with blurred taxonomic borders at all taxonomic ranks. In this research, anatomy and morphology of bulb tunics in 42 species of the genus representing its 16 currently recognized sections and 6 subgenera (Allium, Cepa, Reticulatobulbosa, Amerallium, Polyprason and Melanocrommyum) were investigated. Our results indicated the following characters to be most informative at sectional and subgeneric levels: features of calcium oxalate crystals and subepidermal cell layer of the outermost bulb tunic, type of tracheids, and bulbils presence. Three main types of crystals, i.e. prismatic, sand and druses, were fairly common among the investigated species except for the members of A. sect. Acanthoprason (A. subg. Melanocrommyum) that often lack crystals. The subepidermal layers of outer tunics were mostly composed of hexagonal, rectangular, or elongated cells but A. paradoxum (A. subg. Amerallium, sect. Briseis) showed the pentagonal type and A. longisepalum (A. subg. Amerallium, sect. Molium) the elliptic type of subepidermal cells. The members of A. sub. Melanocrommyum showed various types of tunic cells and crystals.     

An integrative approach to species delimitation in Echinodorus (Alismataceae) and the description of two new species

Summary  Taxonomy of the genus Echinodorus is partially revisited in the light of current understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of the genus. As a result of new taxonomy, the species status of some previously synonymised taxa are restored, other names are synonymised, and some nomenclatural problems unnoticed by previous authors are resolved. Two new species, Echinodorus reptilis and E. emersus are described. The subgeneric divisions of the genus are not accepted, and all subspecific taxa are either rejected or established as species. As a result, 28 species based on a phylogenetic species concept are now recognised in Echinodorus and an identification key to these species is provided.     

How cold‐adapted flightless flies dispersed over the northern hemisphere: phylogeny and biogeography of the snow fly genus Chionea Dalman (Diptera: Limoniidae)

A phylogeny of the 37 known species and subspecies of the micropterous snow fly genus Chionea Dalman is presented using adult morphological characters. The genus contains two major clades: a strictly Palaearctic clade, and a combined Nearctic‐Palaearctic clade with representatives in the Nearctic and Western Palaearctic regions. As there is little congruence between the recovered phylogeny of Chionea and the currently used subgeneric division in Chionea s.s. and Sphaeconophilus Becker, we propose to abandon the use of subgeneric taxa in Chionea. A strictly morphological analysis appears to be insufficient to fully resolve the phylogeny of the genus at the species level, and future molecular work should provide additional evidence for the establishment of relationships among the members of Chionea. The large‐scale historical biogeography of Chionea was analysed using dispersal‐vicariance analysis. The initial distribution area of the genus probably extended in the Eastern Palaearctic, and the Nearctic and the origin of Chionea could be dated in the Late Cretaceous. The various dispersal and vicariance events that led to the major speciation events in the genus are set against major paleogeographic developments. The ancestor of the Western Palaearctic group in the second major clade originated from the Nearctic. The presence of the cold‐adapted Chionea in currently temperate to warm climatic zones in the southern parts of its distribution was analysed using ecological niche modelling. It appears that prolonged periods of climate cooling, as occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum, enabled Chionea to cover large parts of central and southern Europe and reach the southern distribution areas where the genus is present today. A similar biogeographic pattern was less evident in the Nearctic region.