中国棘锤角细蜂属新记录

报道中国锤角细蜂科Diapriidae 1新记录属:棘锤角细蜂属Lyteba Thomson,1859以及1新记录种,双畦棘锤角细蜂Lyteba bisulca (Nees ab Esenbeck,1834),附详细描述和特征图.     

中国东北地区滨棘虫兆族一新种及一新记录种（弹尾纲：棘虫兆科）

记述采自中国东北地区棘虫兆科滨棘虫兆族Thalassaphorurini1新种:宋氏异棘虫兆Allonyc hiurus songi sp.nov.及1新记录种:利富滨棘虫兆Thalassaphorura lifouensis(Thibaud&Weiner,1997),附详细描述及特征图。研究标本保存于中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室。     

中国四川棘蝇属五新种(双翅目:蝇科)

记述分布于中国四川西部蝇科中的棘蝇属Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy,1983五新种：亮黑棘蝇Phaonia clarinigra,sp．nov．;西部棘蝇Phaonia hesperia,sp．nov．;跑马棘蝇Phaonia paomashanica,sp．nov．;蜀棘蝇Phaonia sichuamla,sp．nov．轿顶棘蝇Phaonia jiaodingshanica,sp．nov;模式标本存在中国科学院上海生命科学研究院,植物生理生态研究所。     

中国带鱼科鱼类一新纪录--棘背带鱼

棘背带鱼(新称)Assurger anzac (Alexander, 1916)(图1)隶属带鱼科Trichiuridae,棘背带鱼属(新称)Assurger Whitley,1933.标本1尾,全长2 172 mm,体长2 115 mm,于1996年10月采自舟山群岛海域.棘背带鱼属和棘背带鱼在我国均为新纪录.     

中国两栖动物新纪录--多疣棘蛙的再证实

多疣棘蛙(Paa verrucospinosa(Bourret),1939)是Bourret于1937年根据越南沙巴采集到的标本订为棘胸蛙一新亚种[1],1939年他改订为新种[2]。寇治通等人1983年10月在云南省勐腊县景飘采到一只雌性成体蛙的标本,作为我国多疣棘蛙的新纪录发表[5]。但一直未得到承认[3,4,6~9]。笔者于2003年7月在云南省景洪市勐龙乡勐宋村、2004年8月在云南省勐腊县勐远镇艺班东村进行两栖动物调查时,采集到8号蛙类标本,经鉴定为蛙科棘蛙属多疣棘蛙(Paa verrucospinosa),这是中国两栖动物新记录,标本现保存于云南大学生命科学学院脊椎动物标本室,现报道如下。…     

中国四川省有瓣蝇类三新种(双翅目:厕蝇科,蝇科)

报道采自中国四川省西部山区有瓣蝇类Calyptraae3新种：厕蝇科Fanniiade厕蝇属Fannia2新种：五枝厕蝇Fannia quinquiramula sp.nov.,虞氏厕蝇Fannia yui sp.nov.;蝇科Muscidae棘蝇属Phaonia 1新种：太子棘蝇Phaonia taizipingga sp.nov.。新种虞氏侧蝇的命名,系对虞以新教授在中国蠓科Ceratopogoinidae等医学昆虫研究所作杰出贡献的敬意。厕蝇科模式标本存中国沈阳师范学院昆虫研究所;蝇科模式标本存北京军事医学科学院微生物流行病研究所医学昆虫标本馆。     

条鳅科中国新记录种：曼德勒副棘鳅

副棘鳅属(Paracanthocobitis)隶属于鲤形目(Cypriniformes)条鳅科(Nemacheilidae),分布范围西起巴基斯坦的印度河流域,东至老挝和柬埔寨的湄公河流域。2022年7月,在我国云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州盈江县采集到一批副棘鳅属鱼类标本,经形态性状和分子系统比较,确认为曼德勒副棘鳅(P. mandalayensis),为中国新记录种。本文对中国境内曼德勒副棘鳅进行了形态描述并提供了物种鉴定的分子依据：该种的主要特征为下唇中央部分有一对中断而膨大的片状结构,密布乳突;尾柄基部上缘有一眼状斑;雄性具有眶下沟;侧线完全;腹鳍基部具腋鳞;背鳍有10?分枝鳍条;尾鳍有4 ~ 8条黑色条带。此外,基于系统发育树和间断地理分布推测,曼德勒副棘鳅种内可能存在隐存种,同时对沙副棘鳅(P. botia)中国分布的记录提出了质疑。这一研究为高黎贡山地区的鱼类资源调查和保护提供了科学依据,并对东南亚地区副棘鳅属物种的鉴定提供了新的依据。     

中国棘属二个新记录(弹尾目:棘科)(英文)

本文再次描述了中国云南省棘■科棘■属的二个新记录种,喜马拉雅棘■Onychiurushi-malayensis采自昆明;依田氏棘■O．yodai采自西双版纳,并描述了新的特征。前者以无肛针和具有雄性腹部器官为持征;后者以头部和腹部Ⅳ至Ⅵ节背面具有中间刚毛为特征。     

中国鼬鳚科鱼类二新纪录种暨亚科、属和种的分类检索

记述了采自中国南海外海深水区的鼬鳚科鱼类2新纪录种:光口索深鼬鳚Bassozetus levistomatus Machida及圆吻棘鼬鳚Hoplobrotula badia Machida,并编制了中国已知的鼬鳚科4亚科19属35种的检索表。     

中国棘豆属（豆科）二新记录种

报道了中国棘豆属二新记录种——黄绿花棘豆和丛棘豆。黄绿花棘豆主要分布于蒙古国,丛棘豆主要分布于蒙古国和俄罗斯,在中国为首次记录。文中凭证标本存放于内蒙古大学植物标本馆(HIMC)。     

中国兰科二新记录种

兰科植物资源调查是掌握地区兰科本底资料的基础,对研究兰科植物的地理分布和资源多样性具有重要意义.该文报道了分别产自中国西藏自治区墨脱县和巴宜区的石豆兰属(Bulbophyllum Thou.)中国分布新记录种——尼泊尔大苞兰(B.raskotii J.J.Verm.,Schuit.&de Vogel)和曲唇兰属[Pan...     

New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae III

Sixteen new species are proposed in the generaAckermania, Dressleria, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Oncidium, Rodriguezia, Sigmatostalix, andTrigonidium. All new species are illustrated.Maxillaria vittariifolia L. O. Williams is newly recorded for Peru. A key is provided forTrigonidium of Peru.Trigonidium loretoense Schltr. andT. peruvianum Schltr. are lectotypified.     

中国万代兰属(兰科)一新记录种——双色万代兰

该文报道了在中国西藏林芝地区墨脱县发现的中国兰科(Orchidaceae)万代兰属(Vanda W.Jones ex R.Br.)一新记录种——双色万代兰(Vanda bicolor Griff.)。双色万代兰与白柱万代兰(V.brunnea Rchb.f.)的形态较近似,但前者唇瓣中裂片正面粉色或黄绿色,不具纹,先端稍开裂,易与后者相区别。同时还描述了该新记录种的形态特征,并提供了彩色图版。该研究为兰科植物的研究提供了基础,对丰富我国兰科植物物种多样性具有一定意义。     

青藏高原特有属——固沙草属(禾本科)2个类群的修订

固沙草属(Orinus)是禾本科(Poaceae)中一个具有重要经济价值的高山特有属,共记载6个物种,它们均具有较强的抗逆特性,是农业良种繁育、畜牧业牧草改良利用的重要资源,但固沙草属物种形态差异不显著,种间界限较模糊。该研究通过标本研究、野外考察、形态性状分析以及实验的观察研究,对固沙草属2个类群进行了分类修订,将长颖固沙草(O.longiglumis)和西藏固沙草(O.tibeticus)以及高秆固沙草(O.alticulmus)和鸡爪草(O.anomala)分别处理为固沙草(O.thoroldii)和青海固沙草(O.kokonorica)的新异名。     

中国钩瓣叶蜂属一新种及M. planata种团种类检索表（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

记述采自中国西藏的钩瓣叶蜂属 Macrophya Dahlbom 1新种:尖盾钩瓣叶蜂Macrophya acutiscutellaris Wei, Li & Heng sp. nov.。简要讨论了M. planata 种团的特征,编制了M. planata 种团已知种类分种检索表。该新种与在中国墨脱和印度那加兰邦地区分布的拟平盾钩瓣叶蜂M. pseudoplanata Saini et al., 1996最近似,但新种的雌虫体长13.5 mm,后足胫节端部1/3完全黑色,触角2.5倍长于头宽,单眼后区宽长比为1.6,雄虫抱器向顶部弱度变窄等,与后者不同。新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室。     

Pollination ofOpuntia lindheimeri and related species

The large, yellow, bowl-shaped flowers ofOpuntia lindheimeri, O. discata, O. phaeacantha major, andO. compressa in Texas are visited by various species of beetles and bees. The beetles and small bees (Perdita, Dialictus) are pollen thieves. The pollinators are the medium-sized and larger bees (Melissodes, Diadasia, Lithurge, Megachile, Agapostemon, etc.). Different species of theOpuntia lindheimeri group have the same pollination system and there is no evidence of any floral isolation between them. The pollination system of these species ofOpuntia in Texas is essentially the same as that ofEchinocereus fasciculatus andFerocactus wislizeni in Arizona.Pollination of North American Cacti, II.—SeeGrant & Grant (1979).     

Origin and phylogeny of Oryza species with the CD genome based on multiple-gene sequence data

The CD genome species in the genus Oryza are endemic to Latin America, including O. alta, O. grandiglumis and O. latifolia. Origins and phylogenetic relationship of these species have long been in dispute and are still ambiguous due to their homogeneous genome type, similar morphological characteristics and overlapping distribution. In the present study, we sequenced two chloroplast fragments (matK and trnL-trnF) and portions of three nuclear genes (Adh1, Adh2 and GPA1) from sixteen accessions representing seven species with the C, CD, and E genomes, as well as one G genome species as the outgroup. Phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and distance methods strongly supported that the CD genome originated from a single hybridization event, and that the C genome species (O. officinalis or O. rhizomatis instead of O. eichingeri) served as the maternal parent while the E genome species (O. australiensis) was the paternal donor during the formation of CD genome. In addition, the consistent phylogenetic relationships among the CCDD species indicated that significant divergence existed between O. latifolia and the other two (O. alta and O. grandiglumis), which corroborated the suggestion of treating the latter two as a single species or as taxa within species.We thank Tao Sang of Michigan State University (East Lansing, USA) and Bao-rong Lu of Fudan University (Shanghai, China) for their encouragement and assistance. We are also grateful to the International Rice Research Institute (Manila, Philippines) for providing plant material for this study. This research was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (kscxz-sw-101A), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30025005) and the Program for Key International S & T Cooperation Project of P. R. China (2001CB711103).     

Polymorphism and phylogenetic relationships among species in the genus Oryza as determined by analysis of nuclear RFLPs

Summary Ninety-three accessions representing 21 species from the genus Oryza were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphism. The majority (78%) of the accessions, for which five individuals were tested, were found to be monomorphic. Most of the polymorphic accessions segregated for only one or two probes and appeared to be mixed pure lines. For most of the Oryza species tested, the majority of the genetic variation (83%) was found between accessions from different species with only 17% between accessions within species. Tetraploid species were found to have, on average, nearly 50% more alleles (unique fragments) per individual than diploid species reflecting the allopolyploid nature of their genomes.Classification of Oryza species based on RFLPs matches remarkably well previous classifications based on morphology, hybridization and isozymes. In the current study, four species complexes could be identified corresponding to those proposed by Vaughan (1989): the O. ridleyi complex, the O. meyeriana complex, the O. officinalis complex and the O. sativa complex. Within the O. sativa complex, accessions of O. rufipogon from Asia (including O. nivara) and perennial forms of O. rufipogon from Australia clustered together with accessions of cultivated rice O. sativa. Surprisingly, indica and japonica (the two major subspecies of cultivated rice) showed closer affinity with different accessions of wild O. Rufipogon than to each other, supporting a hypothesis of independent domestication events for these two types of rice. Australian annual wild rice O. meridionalis (previously classified as O. rufipogon) was clearly distinct from all other O. rufipogon accessions supporting its recent reclassification as O. meridionalis (Ng et al. 1981). Using genetic relatedness as a criterion, it was possible to identify the closest living diploid relatives of the currently known tetraploid rice species. Results from these analyses suggest that BBCC tetraploids (O. malampuzhaensis, O. punctata and O. minuta) are either of independent origins or have experienced introgression from sympatric C-genome diploid rice species. CCDD tetraploid species from America (O. latifolia, O. alta and O. grandiglumis) may be of ancient origin since they show a closer affinity to each other than to any known diploid species. Their closest living diploid relatives belong to C genome (O. eichingeri) and E genome (O. Australiensis) species. Comparisons among African, Australian and Asian rice species suggest that Oryza species in Africa and Australia are of polyphyletic origin and probably migrated to these regions at different times in the past.Finally, on a practical note, the majority of probes used in this study detected polymorphism between cultivated rice and its wild relatives. Hence, RFLP markers and maps based on such markers are likely to be very useful in monitoring and aiding introgression of genes from wild rice into modern cultivars.     

Relationships betweenOryza species (Poaceae) based on 5S DNA sequences

Relationships between 9Oryza species, covering 6 different genomes, have been studied using hybridization and nucleotide sequence information from the5S Dna locus. Four to five units of the major size class of 5S DNA in each species, 55 units in all, were cloned and sequenced. Both hybridization and sequence data confirmed the basic differences between the A and B, C, D genome species suggested by morphological and cytological data. The 5S DNA units of the A genome species were very similar, as were the ones from the B, C, and D genome-containing species. The 5S DNA ofO. australiensis (E genome) grouped with the B, C, D cluster, while the units ofO. brachyantha (F genome) were quite different and grouped away from all other species. 5S DNA units fromO. minuta, O. latifolia, O. australiensis, andO. brachyantha hybridized strongly, and preferentially, to the genomic DNA from which the units were isolated and hence could be useful as species/genome specific probes. The 5S DNA units fromO. sativa, O. nivara, andO. rufipogon provided A genome-specific probes as they hybridized preferentially to A genome DNA. The units fromO. punctata andO. officinalis displayed weaker preferential hybridization toO. punctata DNA, possibly reflecting their shared genome (C genome).