人胎胸腺细胞的异质性荧光及其与T淋巴细胞分化阶段关系的形态学研究

以７６９０－Ｘｕ荧光染色法结合ＷｕＴ３、ＷｕＴ４、ＷｕＴ８致敏红细胞花环实验观察经胸腺细胞分层液分离所得高密度亚群和低密度亚群人胎胸腺细胞的异质性荧光及其膜分化抗原ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８的表达。结果表明：不同胎龄胎儿胸腺细胞悬液呈现相似形态和相似分布特征的８种异质性荧光的细胞,其中,墨黑核细胞和桔红核细胞分布于两密度亚群,表型为ＣＤ３－ＣＤ４－ＣＤ８－;少数深蓝核和蓝核细胞分布于低密度亚群．表型为ＣＤ３＋,属成熟的胸腺细胞;大多数深蓝核和蓝核细胞、灰蓝核细胞、灰黄核细胞及部分淡桔黄核细胞分布于高密度亚群,表型为ＣＤ３－、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋,为处于中间发育阶段的胸腺细胞。推测这些细胞胞核由深蓝、蓝、灰蓝、灰黄到淡桔黄的荧光光谱的偏移可能与中间发育阶段所发生的生物及理化变化有关。     

蛇毒戒毒治疗中T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

本文介绍运用蛇毒制剂（胶囊）治疗海洛英成瘾者１０例,通过用药及用药后对照观察,药瘾者外周血中Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群（ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８）及体液免疫（ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ和Ｃ３）的变化,并分析临床意义。对照组１０例,采用口服美沙酮治疗,在用药前及用药后检测药瘾者外周血中Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及体液免疫。观察结果,发现蛇毒组用药后药瘾者外周血中淋巴细胞总数增加明显,Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群中ＣＤ３及ＣＤ４均有增加,ＣＤ３有不同程度下降,ＣＤ４／ＣＯ比值有不同程度升高,提示蛇毒用于戒毒治疗有提高机体自身免疫功能的变化。对照组中（用美沙酮者）治疗后外周血中淋巴细胞总数增加不明显,Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ３及ＣＤ４亦有增加,但ＣＤ８也见增加,结果ＣＤ４／ＣＤ３比值增加不明显,原因不详,是否与用麻醉药品有关,有待今后进一步研究。     

血管免疫母细胞淋巴结病与胸腺幼稚T淋巴细胞关系的观察

本文运用荧光原位杂交（ＦＩＳＨ）技术结合淋巴细胞免疫表型分型方法,检测了血管免疫母细胞淋巴结病（ＡＩＬＤ）中含有特征性＋３细胞的免疫表型特征、细胞先经ＣＤ４和ＣＤ８免疫分型,再用３号染色体着丝粒异性的ＤＮＡ探针作原位杂交。结果发现含有＋３的细胞ＣＤ４和ＣＤ８阳性,即外周辅助性Ｔ细胞和抑制性Ｔ细胞均含有＋３,说咀＋３的畸变发生于胸腺中处于中期分化阶段的普通胸腺细胞,从而推测ＡＩＬＤ可能起源于胸腺幼稚的Ｔ细胞。     

丽珠肠乐对老年腹泻者肠道厌氧菌群、T淋巴细胞亚群、血清SOD及LPO的影响

本文应用双歧杆菌活菌制剂──丽珠肠乐治疗３０例老年腹泻患者。腹泻老年组治疗后与治疗前相比,治疗后外周血ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８及ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值均回升,ＣＤ４升高显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＣＤ３相对升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值回升到正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）;血清ＳＯＤ活性亦升高到正常水平（Ｐ＜０．０１）,血清ＬＰＯ含量明显减低（Ｐ＜０．０５）;粪便中双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、乳杆菌数量显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ｂ／Ｅ比值也随之升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而葡萄球菌和肠球菌数量明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１和０．０５）．结果提示,丽珠肠乐对老年腹泻患者具有明显调整Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群免疫功能,提高血清ＳＯＤ活性,降低血清ＬＰＯ含量,扶植肠道厌氧菌群生长,改善肠道菌群紊乱的作用。     

人免疫重建SCID小鼠的研究

４２只不渗漏ＳＣＩＤ小鼠分别腹腔注射经冷冻、复苏的胎肝或胎肝加胎胸腺细胞,每鼠２×１０７活细胞,建立人胎肝细胞ＳＣＩＤ小鼠模型Ⅰ和Ⅱ,研究人免疫系统。用人肝癌细胞（ＨＨＣＣ）免疫,ＳＣＩＤ鼠出现初始免疫答应,血清人ＩｇＧ平均滴度分别达到５１３．０±８４．２ｎｇ／ｍｌ和７１９．７±２０１．６ｎｇ／ｍｌ,ＩｇＧ峰值分别出现在免疫重建后１０～１２和１０～１４周,特异性抗ＨＨＣＣ抗体滴度分别达到１∶７０．４±３５．０５和１∶２９４．４±１６８．５２,免疫重建后７～８周龄,ＡＢＣ法免疫组化染色,免疫鼠模型肝、脾中可检出标记人的ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ２０＋Ｔ和Ｂ淋巴细胞克隆和细胞岛。流式细胞仪检测了抗原免疫组和模型组外周血、脾脏、肝脏的人ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ８＋、ＣＤ１９＋、ＣＤ２０＋标记的淋巴细胞数,其中标记ＣＤ２０＋淋巴细胞平均值外周血３．１２±３．０３％、脾脏１．４±０．２０％、肝脏２．３２±１．４９％。而无抗原免疫的模型组在肝脏仅有微量或检测不到人标记淋巴细胞。     

低分子量硫酸葡聚糖对小鼠造血干细胞动员作用的研究

给小鼠静脉注射低分子量（＜１０￣４ｕ）硫酸葡聚糖（ＤＳ）１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ后外周血中白细胞、单个核细胞（ｍｏｎｏｎｕｃｌｅａｒｃｅｋ,ＭＮＣ）、ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ产率等指标出现时相性变化。给药后１ｈ开始升高,２ｈ达到高峰、分别为药前值的２．２、２．６、３．８、４．４和３．０倍,７ｈ时趋向正常。给药后２ｈ上述各类细胞在外周血中的含量随着ＤＳ的剂量增加而增加。白细胞、ＭＮＣ计数在ＤＳ１８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时达到峰值,均为对照组的４倍。２４０ｍｇ／ｋ８时未见明显增加。不同剂量ＤＳ对各系祖细胞均有不同程度的动员作用,ＤＳ剂量１５－３０ｍｇ／ｋｇ效果最好,每升血中ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ的数量分别相当于对照组的５．０、１１．９和８．８倍。其峰值出现时间与白细胞、ＭＮＣ不同,表明ＤＳ对不同类型细胞的作用机制也不尽一致。经口给小鼠投以ＤＳ２４０和４８ｏｍｇ／ｋｇ后,未见外周血中白细胞、ＭＮＣ计数有显著性升高,提示对造血干细胞没有动员作用。     

p56^lck与T细胞发育

ｐ５６~（ｌｃｋ）与Ｔ细胞发育田兰,陈慰峰（北京医科大学免疫系１０００８３）来源于骨髓的多能干细胞在胸腺内经过一系列复杂的发育过程成为功能成熟的Ｔ细胞。根据细胞表面ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８分子的表达,可将胸腺细胞分为４个不同的亚群,其发育顺序为ＣＤ４－ＣＤＳ－...     

半导体激光血管内照射对人体外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞的调节作用

本文报道了半导体激光血管内照射对人体外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及ＮＫ细胞的免疫调节作用。实验结果提示：在２３例经６５０ｎｍ．５ｍＷ的半导体激光血管内照射治疗一次,五次和十次的患者中,ＣＤ＋３细胞亚群的百分比与照射前（６３．６６％）比较,分别提高到６５．８６％,６９．９４％,７５．０４％。ＣＤ＋４Ｔ辅助细胞在第十次治疗后也有所增加。除此之外,半导体激光血管内照射对ＮＫ细胞比例及ＣＤ＋４／ＣＤ＋８比值具有双向调控作用,即偏离（即高于或低于）正常值的患者经照射后恢复到正常水平。这种双向调控作用将对临床治疗更有指导意义。     

半导体激光血管内照射对人体外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞…

本文报道了半导体激光血管内照射对人体外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群及ＮＫ细胞的免疫调节作用。实验结果提示：在２３例经６５０ｎｍ．５ｍＷ的半导体激光血管内照射治疗一次,五次和十次的患者中,ＣＤ＾＋３细胞亚群的百分比与照射前（６３．６６％）比较,分别提到６５．８６％,６９．９４％,７５．０４％。ＣＤ＾＋４Ｔ辅助细胞在第十次治疗后也有所增加。除此之外,半导体激光血管内照射对ＮＫ细胞比例及ＣＤ＾＋４／ＣＤ＾＋８比值     

乙醛磺酸对小鼠胚胎细胞遗传和胚胎发育影响的研究

本文报道乙醛磺酸（ＳＡＤ）不仅会降低小鼠胚胎细胞的ｒＲＮＡ基因转录活性,而且还明显提高了胚胎细胞姐妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）频率,导致胚胎发育停滞和胎儿死亡,最终使幼鼠出生率明显下降。当ＳＡＤ浓度为１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,小鼠胚胎细胞ｒＲＮＡ基因转录活性降低为正常值的１５％,并引起ＳＣＥ频率成倍增加,幼鼠出生率仅为正常值的５０％;当ＳＡＤ浓度增至１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,此时ｒＲＮＡ基因转录活性完全被抑制,而且ＳＣＥ频率增加为正常值的４．８倍,幼鼠出生率从正常值１００％降为４％。ＳＡＤ对小鼠胚胎细胞这种细胞遗传学效应和对胚胎发育影响的程度与该药浓度成正相关。此外,我们还对ｒＲＮＡ基因转录活性和ＳＣＥ的改变与哺乳类胚胎发育之间的关系进行了初步的讨论。     

布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散对轮状病毒肠炎患儿细胞免疫功能的影响及疗效观察

目的探讨布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散对轮状病毒肠炎患儿细胞免疫功能的影响及疗效。方法76例婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患儿均予以补液、抗病毒、纠正水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱等常规治疗。观察组患儿加用布拉酵母菌散剂和蒙脱石散治疗,对照组患儿予以单纯的蒙脱石散治疗。观察两组患儿治疗后临床疗效及不良反应,并比较两组患者治疗后1个月T淋巴细胞亚群的变化。结果治疗72h后,观察组患儿的临床总有效率为94．74％,明显高于对照组的78．95％（χ2=4．15,P〈0．05）,两组患儿治疗中未发现明显药物不良反应。治疗后1个月,观察组患儿CD4＋及CD4＋／CD8＋比值较治疗前明显上升,CD8＋较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．05）。而对照组患儿治疗前后CD4＋、CD8＋、CD4＋／CD8＋比值无明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论布拉酵母菌散联合蒙脱石散治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎具有较好的疗效,安全性较好,与增强患儿的细胞免疫功能密切相关。     

儿童传染性单核细胞增多症淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

目的 通过对儿童传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis,IM)外周血淋巴细胞亚群的检测,探讨其细胞免疫功能变化与疾病的关系.方法 采用流式细胞仪对35例IM患儿外周血T、B和NK淋巴细胞亚群进行检测,30例健康儿童作为对照组;对患儿中的7例进行治疗2周后细胞亚群的测定以观察动态变化;对患儿进行外周血异型淋巴细胞计数.结果 IM患儿CD3、CD8 T淋巴细胞水平明显升高,CD19、NK、CD4和CD4/CD8值水平明显降低,分别与正常对照组比较差异均有统计学意义.7例IM患儿治疗2周后T细胞亚群的测定值与入院时比较差异有统计学意义,治疗前CD4、CD4/CD8值低于治疗后,治疗前CD8高于治疗后.IM患儿急性期CD8、CD4/CD8水平与患儿外周血异型淋巴细胞百分率(≤10％和＞10％)的差异有统计学意义.结论 检测淋巴细胞亚群对评估IM患儿的细胞免疫状况,辅助诊断和指导治疗具有重要的临床价值.     

Frequencies of virus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes secreting gamma interferon after acute natural rotavirus infection in children and adults

Human rotavirus-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied using a flow cytometric assay that detects the intracellular accumulation of cytokines after short-term in vitro antigen stimulation. The frequencies of virus-specific T cells that secrete gamma interferon and interleukin-13 (IL-13) were determined in adults and children during the acute or convalescent phase of rotavirus-induced diarrhea, in asymptomatically infected adults and laboratory workers who worked with human stool samples containing rotavirus, and in healthy adults. Significantly higher frequencies of rotavirus-specific interferon gamma-secreting CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells, but not IL-13-secreting T cells, were detected in symptomatically infected adults and exposed laboratory workers than in healthy adults and children with acute rotavirus diarrhea. The levels of rotavirus-specific T cells returned to levels found in healthy adults by 32 days after the onset of rotavirus diarrhea in most adult subjects. Children with rotavirus diarrhea had undetectable or very low levels of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells that secrete gamma interferon. Adult cytomegalovirus-seropositive individuals had frequencies of cytomegalovirus-specific T cells that secrete gamma interferon that were approximately 20 times the level of rotavirus-specific T cells. This result suggests that rotavirus is a relatively poor inducer of circulating memory T cells that secrete gamma interferon. The frequencies of gamma interferon-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and the frequencies of IL-13-secreting CD4(+) T cells responding to the T-cell superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were lower in children than in adults. In both adults and children, the frequencies of CD4(+) cells secreting gamma interferon in response to SEB were higher than the frequencies of cells secreting IL-13.     

小儿轮状病毒肠炎与乳糖不耐受的相关性研究

目的探讨轮状病毒（Rotavirus,RV）肠炎及与乳糖不耐受（Lactose intolerance,LI）之间的相关性。方法前瞻性的纵向观察并随访重庆医科大学附属儿童医院2010年1月至2月收治的52例确诊为RV肠炎的患儿,分成LI组（观察组）28例及非LI组（对照组）24例,比较分析2组之间临床表现及预后。结果观察组及对照组的腹泻次数、脱水程度及腹泻的预后之间的差异没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）;去乳糖治疗后2组的腹泻次数均有显著性减少（P〈0.01）,但去乳糖3 d后观察组的腹泻次数比对照组多（P〈0.05）。结论 LI对RV肠炎临床表现及预后没有明显的影响,在RV肠炎急性期去乳糖治疗的价值有限,益生菌可能有助于急性腹泻的缓解。     

自体CIK细胞联合化疗治疗老年急性白血病的临床疗效评估

目的:探讨自体细胞因子诱导杀伤(CIK)细胞联合化疗方案治疗老年急性白血病的临床疗效。方法:采集6例在我院进行化疗治疗的老年急性白血病患者的静脉血制备自体CIK细胞,成熟后回输入体内,持续注射10天为一个疗程。观察培养前和培养13天后白细胞各亚型细胞所占百分比,并比较CIK细胞回输前后患者白细胞亚群、感染次数及输血量的变化。结果:培养后CD3~+、CD8~+、CD3~+CD8~+、CD3~+CD56~+亚型细胞百分比均显著高于培养前(P0.05),CIK细胞回输后患者体内CD3~+、CD3~+CD8~+、CD3~+CD56~+亚群细胞百分比显著高于回输前(P0.05);CIK细胞回输后,患者感染次数和持续时间均显著少于回输前(P0.05),疾病稳定期输血量显著低于回输前(P0.05),疾病进展期输血量与回输前差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:自体CIK细胞联合化疗治疗老年急性白血病患者有效且安全,可维持病情的稳定、提高机体细胞免疫功能和抗感染能力,值得临床推广。     

CD4+CXCR4highCD69+ T cells accumulate in lung adenocarcinoma

The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is involved in the growth and metastasis of tumor cells. However, the expression of its ligand, the chemokine CXCL12, in tumors and its role in regulating the accumulation of immune cells within the tumors is not clear. Using ELISA and immunohistochemistry we found that CXCL12 is expressed in the majority of nonsmall cell lung cancer tissue sections obtained from stage IA to IIB nonsmall cell lung cancer patients undergoing operation. Histopathologic examination of these sections indicated that high CXCL12 expression correlated with increased tumor inflammation. In addition, disease recurrence rates in a subgroup of adenocarcinoma patients showed a tendency to correlate with high CXCL12 expression in the tumor. Isolation of adenocarcinoma-infiltrating immune cells demonstrated an increase in the percentage of CD4+CD69+CXCR4+ T cells as compared with normal lung tissue. About 30% of these cells expressed the regulatory T cell markers CD25high and FoxP3. The percentage of CD8 T cells within the tumor did not change, however; the percentage of NK and NK T cells was significantly reduced. In correlation with CXCR4 expression, CD4 T cells showed increased migration in response to CXCL12 compared with CD8 T cells and NK cells. Overall, these observations suggest that CXCL12 expression may influence tumor progression by shaping the immune cell population infiltrating lung adenocarcinoma tumors.     

外周血T细胞CD38和HLA-DR的表达水平在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症中的临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨传染性单核细胞增多症（IM）患儿外周血T细胞活化分子CD38和人类白细胞抗原DR（HLA-DR）表达水平的临床意义。方法：采用流式细胞术分别检测45例IM患儿急性期和恢复期的活化分子CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的表达水平,并与30例健康体检儿童进行对比。分析IM患儿急性期CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的表达水平与EB病毒载量、肝功能指标、外周血异型淋巴细胞比例、淋巴细胞计数的相关性,并采用ROC曲线分析CD8⁺CD38⁺T和CD8⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比的诊断效能。结果：与对照组比较,IM急性期患儿的CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）。CD8⁺CD38⁺T、CD8⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比分别与EBV-DNA、ALT、AST、LDH、异型淋巴细胞百分比、淋巴细胞计数呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与白蛋白（ALB）呈负相关（P＜0.05）;CD4⁺CD38⁺T、CD4⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比与上述指标无显著相关性（P均＞0.05）。IM恢复期CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的表达水平较急性期明显降低（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析CD8⁺CD38⁺T、CD8⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比显示诊断儿童IM的AUC值分别为0.931和0.993,特异度均为100%,灵敏度分别为88.89 %和93.33 %。结论：流式法检测CD38和HLA-DR在T细胞的变化有助于判断病情变化。外周血CD8⁺CD38⁺T、CD8⁺HLA-DR+T细胞百分比不仅能反映出IM急性期肝功能损伤严重程度,还可作为儿童IM的流式诊断指标。     

Distribution and quantitative expression of the complement receptor type 1 (CR1) on human peripheral blood T lymphocytes.

The complement receptor, type 1 (CR1) is expressed on a variety of cell types including primate erythrocytes, phagocytic cells, and B lymphocytes. On these cells, CR1 plays a role in a diverse spectrum of biological activities including the clearance of immune complexes from the circulation, down-regulation of the complement system, recognition of complement-coated microorganisms, and cellular activation. CR1 is also expressed by some, but not all, T lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken in order to examine the distribution of CR1 on normal human T cell subsets by flow cytometry and to quantify the expression of T cell CR1 by radioimmunoassay. Data presented here indicate that, in a panel of 19 normal individuals, a mean of 9.7% of the overall peripheral blood lymphocyte population expressed CR1 and that, as assessed by two-color flow cytometry, 12.0% of CD3+, 13.0% of CD4+, and 20.0% of CD8+ cells expressed CR1. While single peaks of CR1 staining were observed within the CD3 and CD4 subsets, a biphasic pattern of staining was evident within the CD8 subset in which relatively high-intensity CR1 staining was detected within the subpopulation of "dull" CD8+ cells, whereas a lower intensity of CR1 staining was observed within the subpopulation of "bright" CD8+ cells. Duplicate analyses performed over a relatively short time frame suggested that, while the overall percentage of cells that expressed CR1 varied considerably among normal individuals, in at least some individuals the percentage of cells expressing CR1 was relatively stable, especially within the CD4 subset. In cell suspensions enriched for T lymphocytes by rosetting with sheep erythrocytes, 10.0% of the cells were CR1+ and a mean of approximately 3700 CR1 were expressed per CR1+ cell. There was no apparent correlation between the number of CR1 per T cell and the number of CR1 expressed per erythrocyte in the same blood sample. The expression of CR1 on subpopulations within the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets may play a role in both normal cell function and in the pathophysiology of disease states including the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).     

23例1型糖尿病初发患儿免疫学改变与胰岛β细胞功能的关系

目的：观察1型糖尿病（T1DM）初发患儿细胞免疫与胰岛β细胞功能之间的关系。方法：T1DM组23例初发患儿均测定淋巴细胞亚群（T细胞、B细胞及NK细胞）、HbA1c、INS、C-P,正常对照组20例,测定淋巴细胞亚群。结果：T1DM组CD4、CD4/CD8较正常对照组升高（P〈0.05）;CD8、CD3-CD56＋较对照组降低（P〈0.05）;CD4/CD8比值与HbA1c呈正相关（r=0.9451,P〈0.01）,而与INS呈负相关（r=-0.1020,P〈0.01）,与C-P呈负相关（r=-0.6174,P〈0.01）;CD3-CD56＋与HbA1c呈正相关（r=0.1320,P〈0.01）,而与INS呈正相关（r=-0.0846,P〈0.01）,与C-P呈负相关（r=-0.3224,P〈0.01）。结论：T1DM初发患者CD4、CD4/CD8明显增高,CD8、CD3-CD56＋明显降低,提示细胞免疫功能改变与胰岛β细胞功能损伤密切相关。