肺结核与糖尿病40例临床分析

在肺科临床工作中常见肺结核合并发糖尿病。我院１９９４年１月至１９９８年１２月共收治肺结核患者６４９４例,其中合并糖尿病患者４０例。现对肺结核合并糖尿病患者４０例进行分析与探讨。１　临床资料１１　一般资料　肺结核并发糖尿病４０例患者中,男性２４例,女性１６例,年龄为２４～７６岁。３９岁以下７例,４０～４９岁９例,５０～５９岁１６例,６０岁以上８例。４０岁以上３３例占８２５％,５０～５９岁最多占４０％。１２　肺结核情况　４０例中浸润型肺结核３３例,占８２５％,慢性纤维空洞型肺结核６例,占１５…     

血型检测用反向定型试剂的研制

将正常的红细胞在特定条件下用甲醛处理,使红细胞膜固定但不影响膜表面糖蛋白血型抗原的活性。采用与正向定型相同的平板凝集试验方法,４０６０份血样正向和反向定型结果完全一致。经稳定性观察９０天,处理后的红细胞与相应抗体的凝集性能未见明显改变。实验结果表明本文介绍的红细胞试剂可用于ＡＢＯ血型鉴定的反向定型试验。     

检验用ABO型和RhD型红细胞试剂的质量评估

目的建立ABO和RhD型检验用红细胞试剂的检测方法和评价指标,并对其进行质量评估。方法利用红细胞保存液的pH、直(间)接抗人球蛋白试验、红细胞抗原特异性试验、红细胞抗原强度试验及亲和力试验5项检测方法及评价指标,对44株红细胞试剂进行质量评估。结果 44株红细胞试剂pH均在6.24~6.95之间,直(间)接抗人球蛋白试验结果均为阴性,其抗原特异性、抗原强度及亲和力性能均符合指标要求。结论 5项检测方法和评价指标可用于ABO和RhD型检验用红细胞试剂的质量评估,为建立统一的检测方法和评价指标提供依据。     

548例蝮蛇咬伤临床分析

我院１９８４～１９９８年共收治蝮蛇咬伤患者５４８例,现分析报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料男性３６２例,女性１８６例。６０岁以上３５例,４０～５９岁１１２例,２０～３９岁３２８例,２０岁以下７３例,最小４岁,最大８７岁。咬伤部位：下肢３５４例,上肢...     

磁疗法治疗臀部注射硬结59例报告

臀部注射硬结是一种常见病症,我们应用磁疗法治疗臀部注射后硬结５９例,收到明显效果,现报告如下。一般资料５９例患者,男２６例、女３３例。年龄４个月～３．５岁６例,８～１５岁９例,２０～３０岁２２例,３０～４０岁４例,４０～５０岁８例,５０～６０岁６例,６０～７０岁１例,７０～８０岁１例,成年２例。治疗方法电磁法：采用电磁疗机治疗时将磁头置于治疗部位;每次治疗时间１５～２０分钟,每日治疗１次,６～１２次为一疗程。脉冲电磁疗机磁头外径１３０mm,脉冲磁场强度０．２～０．８T,脉冲持续时间２２ms,频率４０…     

中国科学家破解“血型检测技术”百年难题

“人ABO血型纳米磁珠检测技术与试剂开发”课题采用现代纳米磁珠技术与免疫学完美结合,将红细胞膜包被于免疫磁珠表面,应用于临床常规检测,如反定型、抗体检测、稀有抗原保存等,特别是“细胞膜抗原免疫磁珠”使红细胞膜抗原成为永生,可以长期保存,解决了红细胞不能长期保存的国际性难题,并将结束我国血型检测长期以来只能测定一半血型的局面。     

卡式微柱凝胶法在猴血型鉴定中的应用

灵长类动物的ABO血型抗原都表达在组织器官内,而不是在红细胞上,这给灵长类动物血型的鉴定带来很大的困难。为找到更加简捷、准确鉴定灵长类动物类人ABO血型的方法,采用近年来临床上广泛应用的卡式微柱凝胶正、反定型法对34只猕猴和16只食蟹猴的血型进行了鉴定,并与肾组织免疫组化法的检测结果进行比较。结果显示:卡式微柱凝胶正定型法的检测结果中无一例为阳性结果;血浆中的纤维蛋白原和人-猴种属间非特异性抗体都会对卡式微柱凝胶反定型法的部分检测结果产生干扰;采用经正常人O型红细胞吸附处理后的清亮血清,卡式微柱凝胶反定型法的检测结果明确,与免疫组化法判定结果一致。由此得出:卡式微柱凝胶反定型法可以用于灵长类动物血型的鉴定,其主要干扰因素为血浆内的纤维蛋白原和人-猴种属间非特异性抗体,在采用清亮血清及经正常人O型红细胞吸附处理后能消除其干扰。     

质控物结合新鲜全血监测不同型号血细胞 分析仪检测结果的对比研究

目的：用全血质控物（以下简称质控物）监测不同型号血细胞分析仪后,对比不同型号血细胞分析仪检测同一份血标本结果的差异,以及用质控物结合新鲜血监测不同型号血细胞分析仪后,对比不同型号血细胞分析仪检测同一份血标本结果的差异。方法：美国亚培公司提供的CD-1600血细胞分析仪及其配套试剂,美国库尔特公司提供的COULTER—JT血细胞分析仪及其配套试剂,检测200例4至6岁健康查体儿童血常规。结果：用质控物检测不同型号血细胞分析仪,CD-1600的检测结果：4至6岁儿童白细胞计数,淋巴细胞、中间细胞、中性粒细胞男性与女性之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板的检测结果男性与女性之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。COULTER-JT的检测结果：4至6岁儿童白细胞计数。淋巴细胞、中间细胞、中性粒细胞男性与女性之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板男性与女性之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。CD-1600与COULTER-JT比较的检测结果：4至6岁儿童男性白细胞计数、淋巴细胞、中间细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。但红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。4至6岁儿童女性白细胞计数、淋巴细胞、血小板均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。但中间细胞（0．01〉P〉0、05）中性粒细胞（P〈0．01）红细胞（P〈0．01）血红蛋白（0．01〉P〉0．05）红细胞压积（P〈0．01）均具有显著性差异。用质控物结合新鲜血监测不同型号血细胞分析仪检测结果上述各项指标均无显著性差异。结论：用质控物监测不同型号血细胞分析仪,同一份血标本不同仪器检测结果,部分指标有显著性差异,用质控物结合新鲜血监测不同型号血细胞分析仪,同一份血标本检测结果,其各项指标均无显著性差异。     

腰椎间盘突出症手术的疗效分析(附198例报告)

我院１９９３～１９９８年３月,对４８６例腰椎间盘突出症患者分别采取“开窗”、“半椎板或全椎板切除”等术式治疗,现将资料完整、并随访的１９８例作一回顾性分析,现报告如下。１临床资料１．１一般资料１９８例中,男性１３９例,女性５９例。年龄最大７２岁,最小...     

国产人ABO血型定型试剂稳定性观察

为了解国内人ＡＢＯ血型定型试剂的稳定性,随机对４个厂家生产的共２０批次的血型试剂置２－８℃条件下,定期进行稳定性观察,结果显示,所有试剂在其效期内,凝集效价均下降１－２个滴度,其中有二个批次的试剂在临近失效期时,效价已低于１：１２８,其余全部合格,合格率为９０％,说明目前国产人ＡＢＯ血型定型试剂的稳定性是良好的,同时提示该剂的稳定性还需进一步提高。     

Blood group A activities of glycoprotein and glycolipid from human erythrocyte membranes.

It is known that ABO blood group substances in human erythrocyte membranes are sphingoglycolipids, but recently several authors have reported that the glycoproteins of the erythrocyte membranes also have ABO blood group activities in addition to MN blood group activities and virus hemagglutination inhibitor activity. We solubilized blood group A erythrocyte membranes with lithium diiodosalicylate and separated the glycoprotein fraction by phenol extraction and ethanol precipitation. This fraction was apparently not contaminated with glycolipid, but it showed weak blood group A activity. The activity of the glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membranes was one-sixth of that of the lgycolipid fraction from the same amount of membranes. The glycoprotein components were purified by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration in SDS. The main component isolated, PAS 1, still showed blood A activity.     

Serological and molecular analysis of ABO and Rh blood group chimeras

The serological examination, blood transfusion strategies and the molecular analysis to blood group chimera were conducted to demonstrate existent of chimera in blood group. The blood grouping of ABO or/and RhD, newborn red blood cells separated by capillary centrifugation. Aabsorption tests and DTT treated agglutination erythrocyte tests were implemented in four patients. Further molecular biological research was conducted on one patient''s sample. The results showed that for patient 1: ABO blood group was AB/B chimera, Rh blood cells contained the RhCE chimera gene; Patient 2: Rh blood cells contained the RhD chimera gene; Patient 3: ABO blood group was AB/B chimera, Rh blood cells contained the RhD chimera gene; Patient 4: ABO blood group was O/B chimera, Rh blood cells contained the RhCE chimera gene. The study suggests that the individuals categorized as chimeras are likely to be more common than existing literature reports. According to the serological tests, in the absence of a history of recent blood transfusion or disease to cause reduced antigen, the phenomena of hybrid aggregation of the ABO and Rh blood system were the main feature. In terms of transfusion strategy, the selection of ABO and Rh blood groups should be depended on the group of cells with more antigens.     

Evasion of Immunity to Plasmodium falciparum: Rosettes of Blood Group A Impair Recognition of PfEMP1

The ABO blood group antigens are expressed on erythrocytes but also on endothelial cells, platelets and serum proteins. Notably, the ABO blood group of a malaria patient determines the development of the disease given that blood group O reduces the probability to succumb in severe malaria, compared to individuals of groups A, B or AB. P. falciparum rosetting and sequestration are mediated by PfEMP1, RIFIN and STEVOR, expressed at the surface of the parasitized red blood cell (pRBC). Antibodies to these antigens consequently modify the course of a malaria infection by preventing sequestration and promoting phagocytosis of pRBC. Here we have studied rosetting P. falciparum and present evidence of an immune evasion mechanism not previously recognized. We find the accessibility of antibodies to PfEMP1 at the surface of the pRBC to be reduced when P. falciparum forms rosettes in blood group A RBC, as compared to group O RBC. The pRBC surrounds itself with tightly bound normal RBC that makes PfEMP1 inaccessible to antibodies and clearance by the immune system. Accordingly, pRBC of in vitro cloned P. falciparum devoid of ABO blood group dependent rosetting were equally well detected by anti-PfEMP1 antibodies, independent of the blood group utilized for their propagation. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying the severe forms of malaria may in patients of blood group A depend on the ability of the parasite to mask PfEMP1 from antibody recognition, in so doing evading immune clearance.     

Effects of Phyllanthus sellowianus Müll Arg. Extracts on the Rheological Properties of Human Erythrocytes

Phyllanthus sellowianus extracts have been used in Argentina since colonial times in the treatment of diabetes. The in vitro biorheological and hemoagglutinant action of different extracts of P. sellowianus bark on human erythrocytes (RBC) were studied. RBCs were incubated in vitro with four aqueous extracts: Maceration; Controlled Digestion (PD); Decoction; and Infusion. Biorheological parameters (deformability, membrane surface viscosity, elastic modulus, and dynamic viscolelasticity) were determined with an Erythrodeformeter, and erythrocyte adhesion was characterized by image digital analysis. Immunohematological assays in RBC incubated with all the extracts showed large globular aggregates and agglutination in human ABO blood group system. Isolated cell coefficient showed the increase of cell adhesion. Aggregated shape parameters were significantly higher than normal and they changed with the concentration, particularly of PD extracts. Rheological results showed that the extract biorheological action varies with the temperature used in the extract preparations. The results obtained are useful to study the action mechanism of extracts from P. sellowianus bark in order to evaluate its use as therapeutic agent in diabetes. Immunohematological Tests using ABO system showed its agglutinant power, which is of special interest in Immunohematology to be used as hemoclassifier.     

Association of the ABO blood group with certain human diseases

Following the discovery of ABO blood group over 100 years ago, a variety of studies sought to determine whether different disease states are influenced by ABO inheritance. As oligosaccharide antigens, ABO blood group antigens are widely expressed on the membrane of red blood cells and tissue cells, as well as in the saliva and body fluid. It is by far the most important blood group system in human immunohematology and transfusion medicine. While, other than determining blood group phenotype, accumulating evidence indicates that ABO blood group is implicated in the development of a number of human diseases. This review mainly focuses on the association between ABO blood group and cardiovascular system risk, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affective disorders, allergic diseases, as well as cancers.     

ABO genotyping in leukemia patients reveals new ABO variant alleles

The ABO blood group is the most important blood group system in transfusion medicine and organ transplantation. To date, more than 160 ABO alleles have been identified by molecular investigation. Almost all ABO genotyping studies have been performed in blood donors and families and for investigation of ABO subgroups detected serologically. The aim of the present study was to perform ABO genotyping in patients with leukemia. Blood samples were collected from 108 Brazilian patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (N = 69), chronic lymphoid leukemia (N = 13), acute myeloid leukemia (N = 15), and acute lymphoid leukemia (N = 11). ABO genotyping was carried out using allele specific primer polymerase chain reaction followed by DNA sequencing. ABO*O01 was the most common allele found, followed by ABO*O22 and by ABO*A103. We identified 22 new ABO*variants in the coding region of the ABO gene in 25 individuals with leukemia (23.2%). The majority of ABO variants was detected in O alleles (15/60.0%). In 5 of 51 samples typed as blood group O (9.8%), we found non-deletional ABO*O alleles. Elucidation of the diversity of this gene in leukemia and in other diseases is important for the determination of the effect of changes in an amino acid residue on the specificity and activity of ABO glycosyltransferases and their function. In conclusion, this is the first report of a large number of patients with leukemia genotyped for ABO. The findings of this study indicate that there is a high level of recombinant activity in the ABO gene in leukemia patients, revealing new ABO variants.     

Possible role of ABO system in age-related diseases and longevity: a narrative review

ABO blood group antigens are expressed either on the surface of red blood cells either on a variety of other cells. Based on the available knowledge of the genes involved in their biosynthesis and their tissue distribution, their polymorphism has been suggested to provide intraspecies diversity allowing to cope with diverse and rapidly evolving pathogens. Accordingly, the different prevalence of ABO group genotypes among the populations has been demonstrated to be driven by malaria selection. In the similar manner, a particular ABO blood group may contribute to favour life-extension via biological mechanisms important for surviving or eluding serious disease. In this review, we will suggest the possible association of ABO group with age-related diseases and longevity taking into account the biological role of the ABO glycosyltransferases on some inflammatory mediators as adhesion molecules.     

ABO Blood Group and Incidence of Skin Cancer

Background

Previous studies have examined the association between ABO blood group and the risk of some malignancies. However, no prospective cohort study to date has examined the association between ABO blood group and the risk of skin cancer.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Using two large cohorts in the US, we examined ABO blood type and incidence of skin cancer, including melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We followed up study participants (70,650 female nurses and 24,820 male health professionals) on their diagnosis of incident skin cancer from cohort baseline (1976 in women and 1986 in men) until 2006. Study participants reported their blood type in 1996 in both cohorts. During the follow-up, 685 participants developed melanoma, 1,533 developed SCC and 19,860 developed BCC. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each type of skin cancer. We observed that non-O blood group (A, AB, and B combined) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of non-melanoma skin cancer overall. Compared to participants with blood group O, participants with non-O blood group had a 14% decreased risk of developing SCC (multivariable HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.95) and a 4% decreased risk of developing BCC (multivariable HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99). The decreased risk of melanoma for non-O blood group was not statistically significant (multivariable HR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.05).

Conclusion/Significance

In two large independent populations, non-O blood group was associated with a decreased risk of skin cancer. The association was statistically significant for non-melanoma skin cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm these associations and to define the mechanisms by which ABO blood type or closely linked genetic variants may influence skin cancer risk.     

ABO血型正反定型及交叉配血实验在外科病人手术输血中应用

目的:探讨ABO血型正反定型及交叉配血实验在外科手术患者输血中的应用效果及影响因素。方法:选取我院自2017年2月-2019年2月收治的80例行ABO正反定型与交叉配血治疗的外科手术患者,记录ABO反定型与交叉配血不合的标本,使用2-Me处理被患者自身冷抗体凝集的红细胞,同时使用微柱凝胶法、凝聚胺法对血型不规则抗体以及特异性进行筛选和鉴定。分析ABO血型反定型不符合以及交叉配血不合的影响因素。结果:对正反定型完全无凝集反应的80例血清标本进行交叉配血实验,其中8例存在凝集反应,配血不合情况;导致外科手术患者输血中ABO血型反定型不符交叉配血不合的主要因素包括自身冷抗体、血型抗原性减弱、血型不规则抗体以及血型抗体效价减弱等。结论:ABO血型正反定型及交叉配血治疗中的患者中,大部分配血一致,少数的交叉配血不合,主要与自身冷抗体、血型抗原性减弱、血型不规则抗体以及血型抗体效价减弱等因素相关。     

ABO Blood Groups in Patients with Congenital and Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease

ABO blood groups were determined in 404 patients who had cardiac surgery for heart disease; 136 of these patients had rheumatic valvular heart disease and 268 had congenital heart disease. The incidence of each ABO blood group was compared to a control series of 2171 patients by means of the ϰ² test. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of ABO blood group when patients with congenital and rheumatic valvular heart disease were compared with the control group.