S／D法处理凝血因子浓缩物类制品的病毒灭活验证

以水泡性口炎病毒 (VSV)为指示病毒 ,验证应用有机溶剂 /去污剂 (简称S/D)法灭活血液制品中病毒的生产工艺 ,并对不同厂家不同批号的四种凝血因子浓缩物类制品 (中间品 )的病毒灭活效果进行了分析总结。结果表明当制品中TNBP和Tween80终浓度为 0 3%和 1 0 % ,在 2 5± 1℃处理 6小时后对于包膜病毒确有显著的灭活效果。     

冻干人纤维蛋白原病毒灭活方法研究概况

纤维蛋白原对治疗获得性或先天性纤维蛋白原缺乏或低下造成的凝血障碍有极其重要的作用。传统工艺生产的纤维蛋白原是传播肝炎病毒的高危产品,１９７８年美国ＦＤＡ取消其临床使用许可使该种产品在世界范围内的使用日趋减少。进入八十年代,血液制品病毒灭活技术的发展使易变性的纤维蛋白原的灭活成为可能。本文对该制剂的病毒灭活技术作一概述和讨论     

冻干人纤维蛋白原加热处理灭活病毒的研究

本试验比较了多种加热病毒灭活方法,包括巴斯德消毒法干热灭活法等。发现６０℃１４４小进干热灭活病毒可能适合于纤维蛋白原的生产。     

S/D处理结合低pH放孵灭活静注人免疫球蛋白

在低ｐＨ静脉注射用人免疫球蛋白（ＩＶＩＧ）的制备中,采用有机溶剂／表面活性剂处理和低ｐＨ放孵（２３°Ｃ～２５°Ｃ,２１天）进行病毒灭活,以提高ＩＶＩＧ的安全性,两法累积灭活效果为：＞８ｌｏｇＨＩＶ－Ⅰ;＞１１．３ＬｏｇＶＳＶ和＞１０．８ＬｏｇＳｉｎｄｂｉｓ。     

S/D灭活血浆内脂包膜病毒及病毒灭活血浆的研究

研究磷酸三丁酯(TNBP)／Triton X-100对血浆内脂包膜病毒的灭活效果。用VSV病毒和Sindbis病毒作指示病毒,加入血浆后再加磷酸三丁酯／Triton X-100,观察病毒的滴度变化及对血浆蛋白的影响。结果发现终浓度各为1％的磷酸三丁酯／Triton X-100在60min内可以灭活血浆内的两种指示病毒,而血浆蛋白的组成和功能变化很小。经层折、超滤后血浆内磷酸三丁酯和Triton X-100的残余量分别低于5μg/ml,表明S／D处理血浆的安全性和治疗作用都很好,其制剂冰冻血浆或冻干血浆可用于临床治疗凝血因子缺乏症,或用作血容量扩张剂。     

有机溶剂/去污剂病毒灭活处理对破伤风抗毒素质量的影响

目的 探索用有机溶剂/去污剂(solvent/detergent, S/D)病毒灭活处理对破伤风抗毒素质量的影响。方法 3批破伤风抗毒素样品,每批样品取3等份,向其中2份中分别加入磷酸三丁酯(tri- n -butylphosphate, TNBP)和吐温-80(Tween 80)至终质量分数为0.3%和1%;一份放置在(25±1)℃水浴中振摇6 h后取样,另一份放置在(30±1)℃水浴中振摇4 h后取样;向第3份破伤风抗毒素原液中加入等量的生理盐水混匀后室温放置作为对照。各样品经超滤后检测其效价和蛋白质含量,同时用SDS-PAGE电泳和凝胶过滤色谱柱测定。结果 破伤风抗毒素原液样品经过S/D病毒灭活处理后,其动物效价与对照相比差异无统计学意义( P >0.05),蛋白质含量、分子大小分布无明显变化,多聚体、二聚体及F(ab′) 2含量也无明显变化。结论 S/D病毒灭活处理对破伤风抗毒素的效价,蛋白质含量,分子大小分布,多聚体、二聚体及F(ab′) 2含量均无明显影响,可以作为破伤风抗毒素病毒灭活的候选方法。     

S／D处理血浆过程中的脂包膜病毒灭活试验观察

通过有机溶剂/去污剂对血浆中指示病毒VSV灭活的观察评估有机溶剂/去污剂对脂包膜病毒死活的效果。血浆样品与VSV病毒按9:1混合,然后用1％TNBP/1％ Triton X-100在30℃处理4h,测定开始样品中的病毒总量和S/D处理后不同时间取样内的病毒总量。实验中样品内加入1％TNBP/1％ Triton X-10015min后VSV病毒已全部灭活,灭活效果≥6.0log。按所述S/D处理方法可以完全灭活血浆内所有的脂包膜病毒而没有主要血浆蛋白的损失。     

S/D法灭活血液制剂中脂包膜病毒效果验证的研究

选用不同核酸的脂包膜病毒,其中RNA病毒为水疱性口炎病毒(VSV),DNA病毒为伪狂犬病毒(PRV),将两种指示病毒分别用于验证S/D法处理对纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原复合物、凝血因子Ⅷ、静注丙种球蛋白、免疫血浆等血液制剂的病毒灭活效果。结果该法对所有被处理的血液制剂中的PRV及VSV灭活能力分别为≥3.38~5.88和≥3.50~4.75logTCID50/0.1ml,表明S/D法对两种病毒核酸类型的脂包膜病毒有良好的灭活效果。     

冻干加热处理凝血因子类制剂的病毒灭活验证

在病毒灭活验证过程中,比较了冻干后不同加热方法对凝血因子类制剂中伪狂犬病毒(PRV)的灭活效果,包括80℃干烤72h、100℃水浴加热30min以及100℃蒸汽加热30min方法。结果表明80℃干烤72h对制品中PRV灭活较彻底,另外两种方法对制品中PRV的灭活效果均不理想。     

ELISA检测外用人纤维蛋白原中纤溶酶原残留量的验证及应用

目的 ELISA检测外用人纤维蛋白原中纤溶酶原残留量,并对其进行方法学验证及应用。方法按照方法学验证的要求,对专属性、线性与定量范围、样品稀释线性、准确性、精密度、耐用性、样品稳定性进行验证分析。应用该方法检测外用人纤维蛋白原主要工艺步骤样品及成品中纤溶酶原残留量,并进行分析和控制。结果专属性验证结果表明,制剂缓冲液对检测结果无干扰,准确性均在(100±10)%以内;线性和定量范围验证结果表明,在0.137～100 ng/mL定量范围内,线性相关系数(R~2)>0.99,对照品回收率均在(100±20)%内,变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)<5%;样品稀释线性验证结果表明,将样品稀释至0.332～83.050 ng/mL范围内,准确性均在(100±20)%内,CV均<15%;准确性验证结果表明,回收率均在(100±20)%以内;精密度验证结果表明,重复性和中间精密度CV均<10%;耐用性验证结果表明,样品孵育时间缩短至2.0 h,回收率为(89.5±1.4)%,CV为1.5%;样品稳定性验证结果表明,样品室温放置6 h以内,冻融3次以内,准确性均在(100±20)%以内。用此方法检测外用人纤维蛋白原主要工艺步骤样品及成品中的纤溶酶原残留量,结果表明层析步骤去除了95.1%纤溶酶原,是控制纤溶酶原的关键步骤;3批样品纤溶酶原残留量检测结果批间CV<20%,生产工艺稳定。结论该方法线性与定量范围、样品稀释线性均达到可接受标准,专属性、准确性、精密度、耐用性、样品稳定性均良好。应用此方法检测外用人纤维蛋白原中的纤溶酶原残留量,为去除痕量纤溶酶原时提供检测分析手段,有利于人纤维蛋白粘合剂产品质量的控制。     

不对称还原苯乙酮的酵母菌株筛选与分子鉴定

利用苯乙酮作为模式底物,对145株菌株进行初筛和复筛,获得一株具有高效立体选择性的酵母菌株YS6-2,能够不对称还原苯乙酮生成(S)-1-苯基乙醇.在苯乙酮浓度为70mmol/L时,底物的初始转化率达26.8%,产物(S)-1-苯基乙醇的对映体过量值为98.8%.基于形态学、生理生化特征、18S rDNA和26S rDNA D1/D2区域的分析表明,YS6-2为胶红酵母(Rhodotorula muci-laginosa).     

血液制品病毒灭活及去除工艺进展

随着医学科学的进步和大众生活水平的提高,血液制品的安全性愈来愈受到关注。为了提高血液制品的安全性,国家食品药品监督管理局发布的相关指导原则要求生产工艺要具有一定的去除/灭活部分病毒能力,生产过程中应有特定的去除/灭活病毒方法。我们对几种适用于血液制品的病毒灭活方法及病毒去除工艺进行综述,以期对生产及科研提供参考。     

Structures involved in the binding of human fibrinogen to Candida albicans germ tubes

Abstract Recent evidence for the interaction between human fibrinogen and Candida albicans germ tubes have led us to attempt to characterize the structures involved. Using ¹²⁵I-radiolabeled proteins, fibrinogen purified by affinity chromatography and its plasmin degradation products, the binding sites on the fibrinogen molecule appeared to be located specifically in the D-domain. Conversely to the fibrinogen and the fragment D, radiolabeled fragment E, however, did not interact with cell. The binding was time-dependent, saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis of the data obtained revealed an average of 6000 binding sites per germ tube with dissociation constant ( K _d) of 5.2 × 10⁻⁸ M. No potent competition was observed for a range of different proteins and carbohydrates. Fibrinogen fragment D binding proteins were identified using a dithiothreitol-iodoacetamide extract of the fungus. By sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, one compotent of 68 kDa was detected. Thus, the presence of fibrinogen binding proteins specifically localized on the cell wall surface of C. albicans germ tubes may constitute one of the factors involved in the development of candidosis.     

Gating Properties of a Sodium Channel with Three Arginines Substituted by Histidines in the Central Part of Voltage Sensor S4D4

In voltage-dependent sodium channels there is some functional specialization of the four different S4 voltage sensors with regard to the gating process. Whereas the voltage sensors of domains 1 to 3 control activation gating, the movement of the voltage sensor of domain 4 (S4D4) is known to be tightly coupled to sodium channel inactivation, and there is some experimental evidence that S4D4 also participates in activation gating. To further explore its putative multifunctional role in the gating process, we changed the central part of S4D4 in rat brain IIA (rBIIA) sodium channels by the simultaneous replacement of the third (R1632), fourth (R1635) and fifth (R1638) arginine by histidine (mutation R3/4/5H). As a result, the time course of current decay observed in R3/4/5H was about three times slower, if compared to wild type (WT). On the other hand, the recovery, as well as the voltage dependence of fast inactivation, remained largely unaffected by the mutation. This suggests that at physiological pH (7.5) the effective charge of the voltage sensor was not significantly changed by the amino-acid substitutions. The well-known impact of site-3 toxin (ATX-II) on the inactivation was drastically reduced in R3/4/5H, without changing the toxin affinity of the channel. The activation kinetics of WT and R3/4/5H studied at low temperature (8 degrees C) were indistinguishable, while the inactivation time course of R3/4/5H was then clearly more slowed than in WT. These data suggest that the replacement of arginines by histidines in the central part of S4D4 clearly affects the movement of S4D4 without changing the activation kinetics.