分子印迹技术研究新进展

分子印迹技术是在近十几年来才发展起来的一门边缘科学技术。它结合了高分子化学、生物化学等学科 ,是模拟抗体 -抗原相互作用的一种新技术 ,具有选择性识别位点的性质。现已应用于色谱分离、抗体和受体模拟物、固相萃取、生物传感器等领域。     

硝酸铵水凝胶分子印迹聚合物的制备

目的：目前安全问题成为世界各国的首要问题,尤其是对炸药分子的检测。硝酸铵是硝铵炸药的主要成分。研究水凝胶分子印迹法对硝铵炸药分子的检测。方法：水凝胶分子印迹方法制备硝酸铵水凝胶分子印迹聚合物,运用静态结合实验对其结合率进行了测定。结果：聚合物对硝酸铵具有良好的识别和吸附性能。印迹聚合物的解离常数为4.08g/L,最大吸附量为3.51mg/g。结论：水凝胶分子印迹法可合成水溶性炸药分子印迹聚合物,并且识别及吸附性能良好。     

硝酸铵水凝胶分子印迹聚合物的制备

目的:目前安全问题成为世界各国的首要问题,尤其是对炸药分子的检测。硝酸铵是硝铵炸药的主要成分。研究水凝胶分子印迹法对硝铵炸药分子的检测。方法:水凝胶分子印迹方法制备硝酸铵水凝胶分子印迹聚合物,运用静态结合实验对其结合率进行了测定。结果:聚合物对硝酸铵具有良好的识别和吸附性能。印迹聚合物的解离常数为4.08g/L,最大吸附量为3.51mg/g。结论:水凝胶分子印迹法可合成水溶性炸药分子印迹聚合物,并且识别及吸附性能良好。     

分子印迹技术用于生物大分子的识别

分子印迹技术是一种人工合成具有分子识别功能的介质的一种新技术,近年来在许多领域都得到很大的发展。本文介绍了分子印迹技术的发展现状,尤其对生物大分子的分子印迹技术进行了详细论述,对生物大分子印迹采用的功能单体,印迹分子的种类,印迹的方法,印迹的机理,存在的问题和应用的前景等分别进行了讨论。     

化学生物学中识别与组装的若干问题刍议

近年来,伴随着化学技术以及现代分子生物学的优化发展及不断进步,针对拥有者自修复及识别、自复制等相关特征的复杂程度相对较高的超分子体系自组装过程进行深化研究已经成为可能。基于化学家以及生物学家的不断努力,化学生物学获得进一步深化发展,在此进程当中,化学跟生物学之间实现良好渗透。在此,本文将针对化学生物学中识别及组装所涉及的相应问题进行简要探讨。     

分子印迹技术用于生物大分子的识别

分子印迹技术是一种人工合成具有分子识别功能的介质的一种新技术,近年来在许多领域都得到很大的发展。本文介绍了分子印迹技术的发展现状,尤其对生物大分子的分子印迹技术进行了详细论述,对生物大分子印迹采用的功能单体、印迹分子的种类、印迹的方法、印迹的机理、存在的问题和应用的前景等分别进行了讨论。     

自由基损伤红细胞膜分子的机理研究

为探明自由基对红细胞膜脂质及蛋白分子损伤机理,本文通过电子自旋共振波谱仪（ＥＳＲ）、激光拉曼波谱仪、圆二色波谱仪（ＣＤ）、显微付立叶变换红外波谱仪（ＭＦＴ－ＩＲ）和表面电子能谱分析系统（ＥＳＣＡ）分别对体外自由基作用３０分钟后,及作用后３小时红细胞膜整体结构、膜蛋白分子及脂质分子进行了分析。结果发现,自由基作用后①红细胞膜中β－胡萝卜素构象由伸展变为卷曲,提示膜整体结构改变,②膜蛋白分子二级结构变化,表现为α螺旋减少和β折叠增加,③膜蛋白分子二硫键与巯基的比例增加（Ｓ－Ｓ／ＳＨ）、亚氨基（ＮＨ）和羰基含量改变,同时蛋白分子的氢键也被破坏（如ＮＨ、ＣＯＨ等基团的减少和ＮＣ、ＣＯ的增加）,④膜脂分子磷氧双键（Ｐ＝Ｏ）成分、羰基成分（Ｃ＝Ｏ）、碳－碳双键（Ｃ＝Ｃ）成分降低;说明自由基导致红细胞膜蛋白及脂质分子化学结构改变是造成膜分子构象及膜整体结构改变的根本原因。３小时后无论是膜蛋白二级结构、二硫键与巯基比或膜脂分子Ｐ＝Ｏ、Ｃ＝Ｏ、Ｃ＝Ｃ不仅没有恢复,反而有加重趋势。这说明了自由基损伤的部分不可逆性     

分子印迹聚合物对血浆中异丙酚吸附的研究

目的：合成异丙酚分子印迹聚合物,并用聚合物萃取人血浆中的异丙酚。方法：用热聚合法制备异丙酚分子印迹聚合物,考查聚合物的性能,并用它来萃取血浆中不同浓度的异丙酚。结果：模板分子和功能单体以氢键的方式结合;分子印迹聚合物选择性地吸附血浆中的异丙酚。结论：分子印迹聚合物可以从人血浆中吸附异丙酚,其吸附率受底物浓度的影响。     

富油微藻布朗葡萄藻分子生态学研究进展

分子生态学是研究生命系统与环境系统相互作用机理及其分子机制的科学,可以从宏观和微观结合的角度真实反映生态现象的本质。简述产烃布朗葡萄藻形态与化学种等生理生态特征的基础上,综述了近年来国内外布朗葡萄藻分子生态学研究的新进展,主要包括分子系统发育学及其与化学种、基因组、地理来源等之间的关系。经典分类学上,关于布朗葡萄藻属于绿藻门(Chlorophyta)还是黄藻门(Xanthophyta)存在争议,而基于18S核糖体核糖核酸(18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid,18S rRNA)序列的分子系统发育学研究结果将布朗葡萄藻界定为绿藻门、共球藻纲(Trebouxiophyceae)。依据藻株的产烃种类和化学结构特征,可将布朗葡萄藻划分为A、B和L 3个化学种,而布朗葡萄藻的分子系统学进化关系与化学种间高度统一。在基因组大小上,位于同一大亚聚群中的化学种B与L间却存在明显差异,而进化关系较远的化学种B与A间则更相近。不同地理来源布朗葡萄藻的18S rRNA序列和内部转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)多态性较高,提示不同地缘藻株间存有较高的遗传多样性。探讨了布朗葡萄藻分子生态学研究尚待解决的问题,并对今后相关研究做了展望。     

化学所模拟生物分子螺旋结构取得新进展

在中国科学院“百人计划”项目和国家自然科学基金委的支持下,中科院化学研究所光化学院重点实验室江华课题组与欧洲化学生物学研究所（法国）的科研人员合作在超分子自组装研究中取得了新进展,成功地合成了一系列具有螺旋结构的喹啉酰胺寡聚物,相关研究工作发表在近期的Angew Chem Int Ed（2008,47：1715-8）上。     

污染生态化学:现状与展望

随着生态学和环境化学的发展和交叉,形成了一门新的学科－污染生态化学。目前,它的主要研究内容包括化学污染物的迁移转化及其微观生态化学过程、化学污染的生态效应与毒理及生态风险评价、全球变化的生态化学、生态系统中化学污染物的分析与监测和污染控制生态化学等５个方面。在知识创新的科学目标指导下,污染生态化学今后的工作必须加强从理论上进行突破,在对基础研究进行深入的同时,应该特别注意开展一些应用研究,从而实现     

"Click"化学在药物发现中的应用

“click”化学是最近几年发展起来的一种新技术,它在药物发现的许多方面均有着广泛的应用:快速合成小分子化合物库并从中筛选先导化合物、进行靶标导向的活性小分子合成以及在生物耦联技术等方面的应用。     

Comparison of spatial variation in otolith chemistry of two fish species and relationships with water chemistry and otolith growth

Spatial variation in the chemistry (Mg, Mn, Sr and Ba) of recently deposited otolith material (last 20–30 days of life) was compared between two demersal fish species; snapper Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) and sand flathead Platycephalus bassensis (Platycephalidae), that were collected simultaneously at 12 sites across three bays in Victoria, south-eastern Australia. Otolith chemistry was also compared with ambient water chemistry and among three sampling positions adjacent to the proximal otolith margin. For both species, variation in otolith chemistry among bays was significant for Ba, Mn and Sr; however, differences among bays were only similar between species for Ba and Mn. Only Ba showed significant variation at the site level. Across the 12 sites, mean otolith Ba levels were significantly positively correlated between species. Further, although incorporation rates differed, mean ambient Ba levels for both species were positively correlated with ambient Ba levels. Spatial variation in multi-element otolith chemistry was also broadly similar between species and with multi-element water chemistry. Partition coefficients clearly indicated species-specific incorporation of elements into otoliths. Mg and Mn were consistently higher in snapper than sand flathead otoliths (mean ±s .d ., Mg snapper 22·1 ± 3·8 and sand flathead 9·9 ± 1·5 μg g⁻¹, Mn snapper 4·4 ± 2·6 and sand flathead 0·5 ± 0·3 μg g⁻¹), Sr was generally higher in sand flathead otoliths (sand flathead 1570 ± 235 and snapper 1346 ± 104 μg g⁻¹) and Ba was generally higher in snapper otoliths (snapper 12·1 ± 12·8 and sand flathead 1·8 ± 1·4 μg g⁻¹). For both species, Mg and Mn were higher in the faster accreting regions of the otolith margin, Sr was lower in the slower accreting region and Ba showed negligible variation among the three sampling regions. This pattern was consistent with the higher Mg and Mn, and generally lower Sr observed in the faster accreting snapper otoliths. It is hypothesized that the differences between species in the incorporation of these elements may be at least partly related to differences in metabolic and otolith accretion rate. Although rates of elemental incorporation into otoliths appear species specific, for elements such as Ba where incorporation appears consistently related to ambient concentrations, spatial variation in otolith chemistry should show similarity among co-occurring species.     

Prebiotic chemistry: a new modus operandi

A variety of macromolecules and small molecules-(oligo)nucleotides, proteins, lipids and metabolites-are collectively considered essential to early life. However, previous schemes for the origin of life-e.g. the 'RNA world' hypothesis-have tended to assume the initial emergence of life based on one such molecular class followed by the sequential addition of the others, rather than the emergence of life based on a mixture of all the classes of molecules. This view is in part due to the perceived implausibility of multi-component reaction chemistry producing such a mixture. The concept of systems chemistry challenges such preconceptions by suggesting the possibility of molecular synergism in complex mixtures. If a systems chemistry method to make mixtures of all the classes of molecules considered essential for early life were to be discovered, the significant conceptual difficulties associated with pure RNA, protein, lipid or metabolism 'worlds' would be alleviated. Knowledge of the geochemical conditions conducive to the chemical origins of life is crucial, but cannot be inferred from a planetary sciences approach alone. Instead, insights from the organic reactivity of analytically accessible chemical subsystems can inform the search for the relevant geochemical conditions. If the common set of conditions under which these subsystems work productively, and compatibly, matches plausible geochemistry, an origins of life scenario can be inferred. Using chemical clues from multiple subsystems in this way is akin to triangulation, and constitutes a novel approach to discover the circumstances surrounding the transition from chemistry to biology. Here, we exemplify this strategy by finding common conditions under which chemical subsystems generate nucleotides and lipids in a compatible and potentially synergistic way. The conditions hint at a post-meteoritic impact origin of life scenario.     

生物技术与绿色化学

介绍了绿色化学与生物技术的研究内容与特点,分析了生物技术在绿色化学技术中的特殊地位,提出了生物技术是一项绿色科技,是实现绿色化学的有效手段,生物技术与绿色化学的交叉与融合产生的化学生物学、生物化工等新兴学科必将为社会与经济的可持续发展提供有效途径。     

The molecular path to inorganic materials - Zinc oxide and beyond

In the current article, we present a concept for the synthesis of complex nanoscaled materials. The synthetic strategy involves a stepwise assembly of materials starting from special molecular precursors possessing multiple information. Therefore, the article focuses on a strong pervasion of inorganic materials chemistry, solid-state chemistry and molecular chemistry. The concept introduced is finally highlighted by examples from our current research in the field of zinc oxide materials.     

全球古海水化学演化与世界主要海相钾盐沉积关系暨中国海相成钾探讨

地球历史中海水的成份不是一直不变的,而是经历了"方解石海"与"文石海"的交替。不同的海水化学决定了不同的蒸发岩沉积序列,并决定了不同时期的蒸发岩矿物组合。海相钾盐沉积于海水蒸发的最后阶段,而同一时期全球海水组成基本一致,因此可以通过地质历史时期全球海水组成及海相沉积石盐的流体包裹体组成分析,探讨世界主要钾盐沉积与海水组成和盐度变化的关系,分析中国海相、海陆交互相蒸发岩沉积时期的钾盐沉积条件与标志,预测钾盐成矿的有利地质时代和层位。     

Influence of microwave irradiation on enzymatic properties: applications in enzyme chemistry

Although microwave-assisted reactions are widely applied in various domains of organic chemistry, their use in the area of enzyme chemistry has been rather limited, due to the high temperatures associated with the microwave heating: Because current technology, allows a good control of reaction parameters, several examples of microwave-assisted enzyme chemistry have been reported, using stable and effective biocatalysts (modified enzymes). The purpose of this review is to highlight the applications and studies on the influence of microwave irradiation on enzymatic properties and their application in enzyme chemistry.     

Synthetic Approach to biomolecular science by cyborg supramolecular chemistry

Background

To imitate the essence of living systems via synthetic chemistry approaches has been attempted. With the progress in supramolecular chemistry, it has become possible to synthesize molecules of a size and complexity close to those of biomacromolecules. Recently, the combination of precisely designed supramolecules with biomolecules has generated structural platforms for designing and creating unique molecular systems. Bridging between synthetic chemistry and biomolecular science is also developing methodologies for the creation of artificial cellular systems.

高脂膳食对小鼠生化及病理形态的影响

目的高脂膳食对机体血液、组织匀浆中各种生化指标的影响,尤其是对胆固醇等脂质代谢的影响,为研究高胆固醇引起的心血管等疾病建立模型。方法将C57BL/6 j小鼠63只随机分为2组。普食组（用普通饲料饲喂）12只,雌雄各6只,高脂组（用高脂饲料饲喂）51只,雌26只、雄25只。单笼饲喂,饲喂期为67 d。观察动物体重、摄食量、比较血液以及肝、肾组织匀浆中有关脂类代谢和抗氧化方面的生化指标以及组织病理学观察。结果高脂组血液中胆固醇（TC）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）均显著高于普食组（P〈0.05）;高脂组肝、肾脏组织匀浆中T-AOC、CuZn-SOD、SOD、AKP、NOS、MDA的水平与普食组相比均无统计学差异;与普食组相比,雄性小鼠摄食量差异显著（P〈0.05）、体重差异不显著;病理观察可见高脂组中肝细胞空泡变性。结论通过高脂膳食成功的建立了高胆固醇血症模型,该模型有可能在胆固醇浓度升高引起的脂质代谢异常、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病和其他代谢性疾病的研究中发挥作用。