石油生物催化脱硫的研究进展

石油生物催化脱硫技术是新兴的极具潜力的石油非加氢脱硫技术,在降低轻质油品生产成本、提高油品质量和环境保护等方面显示出潜在的优势,被誉为21世纪的石油脱硫技术。本文主要对石油生物催化脱硫技术特点、各种降解路线和研究现状进行了综述,指出了石油生物催化脱硫技术存在的问题,并提出了进一步研究发展的方向。     

天然产物糖基转移酶的分类、进化及底物预测研究进展

糖基化是一种十分重要且独特的天然产物结构修饰方式,该修饰由天然产物糖基转移酶(natural product glycosyltransferases, NP-GTs)催化完成,可以改变底物的理化性质或生物学活性。本文首先从结构、催化机制与糖基化位点的角度总结了NP-GTs的分类;其次,从生物来源和底物类别两个角度分析了NPGTs的进化关系;介绍了NP-GTs底物预测的三种常用策略;最后,展望了NP-GTs的研究趋势,为开展基于糖基化修饰的先导化合物优化、蛋白质设计、合成生物学等研究提供参考。     

工业生物催化技术

以蛋白质酶的工程应用为核心的工业生物催化技术,被认为是生物技术继生物医药和转基因植物之后的第三次浪潮。它的发展与应用将对人类的工业化学过程带来根本的变革。工业生物催化的兴起与以下的两个关键技术因素有密切的关系：(1)蛋白质定向进化技术的出现,(2)基因组学和蛋白质组学的发展。探讨了工业生物催化技术的现状和发展趋势,并对我国如何发展该领域的基础和应用研究提出一些见解。     

超临界甲醇酯交换法制备生物柴油研究进展

超临界甲醇法制备生物柴油是动、植物油脂与超临界甲醇发生酯交换反应生成脂肪酸甲酯的工艺。与传统的酸、碱催化法以及酶催化法等技术相比,超临界酯交换反应具有不需要催化剂、反应速度快、产物分离简单等突出特点。缺点在于反应温度和压力条件不够温和,对设备要求较高,操作费用可观。如何从系统工程的角度发挥其优点、克服缺点,则是未来该项技术能否实现工业化应用的关键。回顾了该技术的研究进展,重点对过程的影响因素进行了分析讨论。     

生物催化技术研究现状和发展趋势

正生物催化技术是当今国际科技发展的热点,将继信息技术后引领新一轮的全球科技革命。文章介绍了近年来国内外生物催化技术的最新研究进展和发展趋势,包括生物催化剂的发现与改造、生物催化机理、生物合成反应的设计与调控、生物催化系统的设计和构建,以及生物催化技术的工业应用实例等。     

生物信息学在工业生物催化研究中的应用

随着石油等不可再生资源的日益减少以及环境污染问题的日益严重,应用工业生物催化技术改造或取代传统化工工艺已经成为新世纪化学工业可持续发展的研究热点。工业生物催化技术的研究对象是生物催化剂及其催化过程。近来,利用生物信息学技术进行工业生物催化研究已经越来越受到人们的重视。随着工业生物催化的发展,生物信息学将直接指导并加快新型高效生物催化剂的发现及功能改造进程。     

离子液体在生物催化反应中的应用

首先概括了离子液体中生物催化反应的特点;阐述了离子液体在生物催化反应中的应用进展,主要包括:蛋白酶催化的反应、脂肪酶催化的反应、氧化还原酶催化的反应以及其它酶催化的反应.离子液体通常起到了提高酶的活性或稳定性,并提高产物收率和选择性的作用;并展望了离子液体作为溶剂和共溶剂在生物催化反应中的发展前景.     

工业生物催化技术在绿色精细化学品合成中的机遇

生物催化技术具有反应条件温和、专一性强、环境友好等特点,是传统化学方法无法比拟的。本文从生物催化技术的特点及其在精细化学品合成中的应用现状出发,从产品战略、技术策略等方面提出生物催化技术应用的方向与目标：生物催化与有机合成技术的集成、交叉将会是未来生物催化技术发展的重要方向;有机合成技术为生物催化技术的发展、应用指明并提供了更多技术、产品及产业机会。     

蔗糖磷酸化酶的研究进展

蔗糖磷酸化酶属于糖苷水解酶13家族,能够催化蔗糖的可逆磷酸解。利用其广泛的底物混杂性,蔗糖磷酸化酶可以将葡萄糖基转移至不同的受体合成熊果苷、甘油葡萄糖苷、低聚糖及多酚化合物的衍生物等产物,这些催化产物可广泛应用于食品、药品、化妆品等行业。随着酶催化技术和蛋白质工程的发展,蔗糖磷酸化酶受到了越来越多的关注,该酶的应用范围也得到了扩大。本文综述了近年来蔗糖磷酸化酶在酶的来源、结构、功能及应用领域等的研究进展,同时讨论了该酶的蛋白质工程改造方法与局限性,并展望了该酶可能的研究方向。     

脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油的研究进展

环保型燃料生物柴油有望解决能源短缺的问题,脂肪酶催化动植物油脂合成生物柴油的方法具有反应条件温和、产物易分离和不污染环境等优点。综述了酶催化法在提高脂肪酸酯产率和减少生产成本等方面的研究进展。     

Integrated product formation and recovery.

As continues to be demonstrated, the in situ recovery of selected products froma bioreactor can have a significant positive impact on production. The strategies that are focused on here are: aqueous two-phase biocatalysis; non-aqueous biocatalysis; and membrane-enhanced biocatalysis. Additional fundamental understanding of molecular partitioning and biocatalytic activity in these environments will facilitate the rational selection of the components involved in these processing strategies.     

White biotechnology: ready to partner and invest in

It needs three factors to build an industry: market demand, product vision and capital. White biotechnology already produces high volume products such as feed additive amino acids and specialty products like enzymes for enantioselective biocatalysis. It serves large and diverse markets in the nutrition, wellness, pharmaceutical, agricultural and chemical industry. The total volume adds up to $ 50 billion worldwide. In spite of its proven track record, white biotechnology so far did not attract as much capital as red and even green biotechnology. However, the latest finance indicators confirm the continuously growing attractiveness of investment opportunities in white biotechnology. This article discusses white biotechnology's position and potential in the finance market and success factors.     

冲击生物技术第三次浪潮

工业生物催化是继医药、农业之后的生物技术第三次浪潮。从21世纪化学工业发展的前沿特点,介绍生物催化加工过程及生产方式,主要解决传统产业改造和新的应用领域的开拓,提出发展生物催化产业的策略和加强支持力度的建设。     

PEG–salt aqueous two-phase systems: an attractive and versatile liquid–liquid extraction technology for the downstream processing of proteins and enzymes

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand to establish new feasible, efficient downstream processing (DSP) techniques in biotechnology and related fields. Although several conventional DSP technologies have been widely employed, they are usually expensive and time-consuming and often provide only low recovery yields. Hence, the DSP is one major bottleneck for the commercialization of biological products. In this context, polyethylene glycol (PEG)–salt aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) represent a promising, efficient liquid–liquid extraction technology for the DSP of various biomolecules, such as proteins and enzymes. Furthermore, ATPS can overcome the limitations of traditional DSP techniques and have gained importance for applications in several fields of biotechnology due to versatile advantages over conventional DSP methods, such as biocompatibility, technical simplicity, and easy scale-up potential. In the present review, various practical applications of PEG–salt ATPS are presented to highlight their feasibility to operate as an attractive and versatile liquid–liquid extraction technology for the DSP of proteins and enzymes, thus facilitating the approach of new researchers to this technique. Thereby, single- and multi-stage extraction, several process integration methods, as well as large-scale extraction and purification of proteins regarding technical aspects, scale-up, recycling of process chemicals, and economic aspects are discussed.     

Applications of aqueous two-phase systems in biotechnology

Aqueous two-phase systems can be employed in several areas of biotechnology including the purification of biomolecules, cells and organelles and increasing the speed of product-inhibited fermentations such as the production of acetone, butanol and ethanol. Furthermore, separations in aqueous two-phase systems have been successfully applied in binding assays.     

Analysis of the phase behavior of the aqueous poly(ethylene glycol)-Ficoll system

The PEG-Ficoll polymer phase system is one that has been overlooked in the past for biotechnology applications because of the stability of its emulsions. However, new applications, such as emulsion coating of cells, are appearing that rely on this very property. Ficoll is highly polydisperse and multimodal with three distinct Ficoll peaks in gel permeation chromatography. As a result, the transition between one-phase and two-phase systems is blurred and the binodials obtained through turbidometric titration and tie-line analysis differ significantly. Moreover, since the three Ficoll peaks partition differently, tie-line analysis cannot be described by a simple model of the aqueous two-phase system. A simple modification to the model allowed for excellent fit, and this modification may prove well-suited for the many practical cases where aqueous two-phase systems fail to display parallel tie-lines as implicitly assumed in the simpler model.     

Enhancement of substrate concentration in microbial stereoinversion through one-pot oxidation and reduction by aqueous two-phase system

An extractive biocatalytic method of aqueous two-phase system was employed for stereoinversing (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol into (S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol by Candida parapsilosis CCTCC M203011. It was observed that substrate and product inhibitions in microbial stereoinversion through one-pot oxidation and reduction were removed efficiently by extractive biocatalysis in aqueous two-phase system with PEG 4000/phosphate potassium system, and that the substrate concentration was enhanced from 15 to 30 g/L with product optical purity of 99.02% e.e. and yield of 90% after 60 h. Simultaneously, it was observed that change in cell morphology impedes the further enhancement of substrate concentration in this system but can be reversibly changed after stereoinversion or cultivation in systems without PEG.     

Aqueous two-phase systems for biotechnical use.

The different kinds of aqueous two-phase systems for accepted or potential use in biotechnology are summarized. Some properties of interest for the extractive use are discussed.     

工业生物催化前线动态及名家观点

随着现代生物技术的进步,尤其是酶的快速筛选和活力优化技术的发展,使酶的获取更加容易、酶的操作更加简单,进而促使生物催化成为手性合成的便利工具。综述了一些著名的国际化工或制药公司最近在生物催化技术研发和应用方面的动态信息以及相关技术的一些评论,以便我国从事工业生物催化工作的相关人士能从中获得有益启示。     

Ionic liquids for two-phase systems and their application for purification,extraction and biocatalysis

The development of biotechnological processes using novel two-phase systems based on molten salts known as ionic liquids (ILs) got into the focus of interest. Many new approaches for the beneficial application of the interesting solvent have been published over the last years. ILs bring beneficial properties compared to organic solvents like nonflammability and nonvolatility. There are two possible ways to use the ILs: first, the hydrophobic ones as a substitute for organic solvents in pure two-phase systems with water and second, the hydrophilic ones in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). To effectively utilise IL-based two-phase systems or IL-based ATPS in biotechnology, extensive experimental work is required to gain the optimal system parameters to ensure selective extraction of the product of interest. This review will focus on the most actual findings dealing with the basic driving forces for the target extraction in IL-based ATPS as well as presenting some selected examples for the beneficial application of ILs as a substitute for organic solvents. Besides the research focusing on IL-based two-phase systems, the “green aspect” of ILs, due to their negligible vapour pressure, is widely discussed. We will present the newest results concerning ecotoxicity of ILs to get an overview of the state of the art concerning ILs and their utilisation in novel two-phase systems in biotechnology.