牛凝乳酶原基因在大肠杆菌中表达调控的研究

Shine-Dalgarno序列与起始密码子之问的距离与组成对凝乳酶原基因表达有明显的影响,可导致其表达水平有15倍之差。SD序列至ATG之间为15bp不利于表达,表达质粒中sD-ATG在7-11bp之间都有可能获得高效表达;但决定因素不是简单的长度,而是RBS附近可能的二级结构即△G的大小、SD序列及ATG中参与配对的碱基数目。将pTLC23中凝乳酶原cDNA3＇端端非翻译区插入终止密码子TGA与转录终止子rrnBT₁T₂之间适当位置可提高凝乳酶原基因的表达,这可能是因为这段序列能形成由53个碱基对和8个碱基组成的稳定的mRNA二级结构,起到转录终止子的作用,而一般认为串联终止子对终止转录更为有效。     

SD顺序到ATG之间距离对β干扰素基因表达的影响

E.coli质粒pTS3是由Tac启动子控制的人β干扰素基因表达质粒。经S1酶消化、重组、再克隆,得到了SD顺序到ATG之间距离不等的三个新的克隆株,对β干扰素基因的表达效率都有直接影响。其中pTS6克隆株的表达水平较pTS3克隆株高16倍,其SD顺序到ATG之间的距离为8bp。     

重组痘苗病毒表达乙肝核心抗原基因的研究

pMM2066质粒EcoR I酶切回收ATG前只有12bp的乙肝核心抗原基因片段,将此基因片段插入痘苗转移载体pGJP-5的P7．5启动子后,组建成P5-C2066质粒,通过细胞内同源重组技术,于BudR存在条件下用人TK-143细胞筛选出三株能表达HBcAg的重组痘苗病毒株。感染细胞上清液1：64稀释时仍能用ELISA法测到HBcAg活性,同时也能测到滴度相近的HBeAg活性。免疫电镜可见平均为26．6nm的HBcAg颗粒。进行了不同量的重组痘苗病毒感染不同细胞,和不同培养温度对HBcAg表达影响的观察。     

用重叠PCR合成植物甜蛋白brazzein基因

目的:为在泡盛曲霉(Aspergillus awamori)中进行表达,采用重叠PCR合成了植物甜蛋白brazzein基因。方法:根据非洲热带植物Pentadiplandra brazzeana产生的天然甜蛋白brazzein的氨基酸序列及泡盛曲霉糖化酶基因glaA的密码子偏爱性,设计并化学合成了2对3’-端互补的寡聚核苷酸,通过PCR延伸获得2条末端有部分重叠的双链核苷酸片段,再通过重叠PCR扩增,合成了用于泡盛曲霉表达的植物甜蛋白brazzein基因。结果:将brazzein基因克隆到pMD18-T载体,随机挑取6个重组质粒测序,结果1个重组质粒有连续4个碱基缺失,3个重组质粒各有1个碱基缺失,2个重组质粒携带的brazzein基因核苷酸序列完全正确。结论:合成的brazzein基因大小162 bp,编码54个氨基酸,推断的氨基酸序列与Pentadiplandra brazzeana产生的天然brazzein完全一致,表明植物甜蛋白brazzein基因成功合成。     

一种优化翻译起始效率的方法

本文以人分裂细胞核抗原(PCNA)基因作为目的基因,把包括PCNA基因5′端非翻译区(5′NTR)的24bp和编码38个氨基酸114 bp的顺序插入pTZ19R,构建与LacZ’5′端的融合基因。用寡核苷酸定点突变法在PCNA 5′NTR形成SD顺序,再用PCR法在SD顺序左右两侧分别随机突变6个和7个碱基,使它们与结构基因5′端顺序自发地形成各种可能的翻译起始区(TIR)二级结构。重组质粒转化JM109(DE3),以T7 RNA聚合酶-T7启动子调控转录。对288个重组子的β-gal活性测定表明,不同重组的表达量可相差55倍,其中9个表达量不同的重组子的RNA dot blot证实它们在转录水平无明显表达差异。由此提示,该研究策略和方法能有效地改变目的基因的TIR二级结构和捕获具有高翻译起始效率的表达克隆。     

5′端非翻译区对LT-B基因表达的影响

mRNA5＇端非翻译区的不同结构可影响基因表达,为了改善编码人毒素源性大肠杆菌热敏感肠毒素B亚单位的LT-B基因的表达水平,我们把该基因置于pBV220载体的P_RP_L串联启动子下游,构建了带有不同核苷酸组成的5＇端非翻译区的重组体。这些重组体分别在大肠杆菌HB101和DH5α中表达。结果表明,起始密码前有两个连续串联SD序列的LT-B基因的表达水平低于只有单个SD序列下的表达水平,而翻译偶联可使表达改善;用不同的SD序列LT-B基因的表达水平也有所不同,用基因本身SD序列可能要比用pBV220P_L启动子下游的SD序列好;在只含单个LT-B基因SD序列的重组体中,5＇端非翻译区序列的长短对LT-B基因表达没有什么影响;重组体在HB101中的表达水平高于在DH5α中的表达水平。     

人线粒体转录终止因子3基因RNA干扰表达载体的构建筛选与干扰效果评价

目的:构建人线粒体转录终止因子3(MTERF3)基因的短发夹RNA(shRNA)干扰表达载体,并在mRNA和蛋白质水平对其干扰效率进行验证,以检测和筛选出干扰效率最优的shRNA表达载体。方法:根据人MTERF3基因全长cDNA序列,利用Oligoengine在线软件设计4个shRNA序列,合成4条互补寡核苷酸链,退火成双链后克隆至psiU6.1载体,得到4个重组干扰质粒psi-MTERF3-1～psi-MTERF3-4,并通过PCR和DNA测序对其进行鉴定;将重组干扰质粒利用脂质体介导瞬时转染He La细胞,转染48 h后采用real time RT-PCR检测4个干扰质粒对MTERF3 mRNA表达水平的影响,采用Western印迹检测其对MTERF3蛋白表达水平的情况,并筛选出最有效的shRNA干扰质粒。结果:PCR鉴定和DNA测序鉴定证实重组质粒中已插入目的DNA序列;real time RT-PCR和Western印迹结果表明4个重组载体均可以显著降低人MTERF3基因mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平(P0.05),其中以pSi-MTERF3-4的干扰效率最优,对MTERF3 mRNA表达的抑制率为70.1%,对MTERF3蛋白表达的抑制率为72.2%。结论:在人宫颈癌He La细胞系筛选出有效干扰MTERF3基因表达的shRNA序列,构建了针对MTERF3基因的RNA干扰真核表达载体且能够有效抑制目的基因的表达,为进一步研究人MTERF3在宫颈癌发生发展中的作用机制提供了实验基础。     

人ZP3基因的RT-PCR cDNA克隆

目的：研究人ZP3基因的结构及构建人ZP3基因原核表达系统。方法：从人卵巢组织中分离出mRNA并以此作为模版,通过RT—PCR扩增出人ZP3基因cDNA片段,然后将其克隆在pUC18质粒上,并对克隆片段进行序列分析。结果：共克隆到ZP3-A（1300bp）、ZP3-B（1180bp）、ZP3-C（1200bp）和ZP3-D（1080bp）4种不同长度的人ZP3基因cDNA片段,对其中最长的ZP3-A片段的测序结果表明,它包含了人ZP3基因阅读框内的全部序列,与NCBI Sequence Viewer中公布的人ZP3 mRNA序列（NM-007155）相比较,在1275bp长的编码区内只有一个碱基不同,两者同源性达到99．92％。结论：本研究克隆到的ZP3-A cDNA片段确是人ZP3基因无疑。     

miRNA与其靶mRNA的相互作用：绑定位点的质量与数量特征的整合计算分析

miRNAs通过完全或不完全的碱基互补绑定到信使RNA(mRNA)上,通过抑制翻译或者直接导致mRNA降解的方式来调节靶基因的表达．为了研究miRNAs在转录水平上面的调控作用,两种人类基因组中组织特异的miRNAs(miR-1和miR-124)被转染到HeLa细胞中,微阵列(microarray)分析转染前后细胞中各基因mRNA表达水平变化情况的结果表明：动物基因组中靶基因与miRNAs不完全的碱基互补也会导致mRNA的直接降解．通过分析实验得到的mRNA表达水平变化数据,发现这相同miRNA的不同靶基因mRNA表达水平的下调倍数有着明显的差别,推测这些靶基因mRNA序列本身存在某些影响其受调节程度的因素．为此,提取和分析这些靶基因mRNA的序列特征,通过对这些序列特征与mRNA表达水平下调数据进行统计相关分析,最终发现,miRNA靶基因受调节的程度与以下几个因素相关联：mRNA序列中miRNA靶位点的个数,靶位点与miRNA序列碱基互补的程度,以及绑定后形成二级结构的稳定程度(即最低自由能的大小)．在此基础上,初步建立起一个多因子作用下的miRNA 靶基因mRNA表达水平下调程度模型,分析表明：该模型在一定程度上可以反映了部分序列特征对于miRNA靶基因mRNA表达水平下调程度的影响．     

苏云金芽孢杆菌chiA,chiB全基因的克隆、表达及其序列分析

以苏云金芽孢杆菌科默尔亚种15A3菌株基因组DNA为模版,用touchdown PCR方法扩增几丁质酶ChiA和ChiB的全基因序列(GenBank登录号:EF103273和DQ512474)。将PCR产物连接pUCm-T克隆载体,获得重组质粒pUCm-chiA和pUCm-chiB,分别转化E.coliXL-Blue。克隆的几丁质酶基因可以利用本身的启动子异源表达各自的蛋白,不需要几丁质作为诱导物。表达的几丁质酶能够分泌到胞外。证明15A3菌株可组成型表达2种几丁质酶。经核苷酸及氨基酸序列分析证明,chiA基因全长1426bp,含有343bp的上游非编码区和1083bp的ORF,编码360个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量为36kD,只有一个几丁质酶催化域。chiB基因全长2279bp,含有248bp的上游非编码区和2031bp的ORF,编码676个氨基酸。推测成熟蛋白分子量约为70.6kD,具有三个功能域。核苷酸序列分析显示chiA和chiB的启动子所处的位置及转录起始碱基都不相同,-35区相同,而-10区有两个碱基不同,SD序列也不完全一致。     

HBcAg表达菌株的筛选、初步鉴定与DNA顺序分析

为提高HBcAg(乙型肝炎核心抗原)在大肠杆菌体内表达水平,将有HBcAg的基因片段用核酸外切酶从两端消化,插入载体质粒pUR222的EcoRI酶切位点,转化Ecoli BMH71—18,用菌落原位酶联免疫法由275个转化子筛选到7株阳性克隆,用ELISA比较了它们的表达水平,表达水平最高者为M2066菌株,P/N=2.0时菌体裂解液的稀泽度为1:33000’比表达最低者M2098高8,000倍,比第一代菌株M206高15,000倍,DNA顺序分析结果表明与mRNA起始密码上游的发卡结构去除有关。用SDS-PAGE和聚乙烯簿膜复印法检测菌体裂解液中HBcAg的分子量为21000,42000及63000,呈单体和聚合物形式存在,比由病人肝脏和血液中提取的HBcAg(19000)分子量大,为融合蛋白。经琼脂免疫双扩散与ELISA阻断试验未发现与β半乳糖苷酶有免疫学交叉反应。用ELIDA法,M2066-HBcAg与肝-HBcAg同时检测40份血清标本的抗-HBc,二者符合率95％。     

Two-cistronic expression plasmids for high-level gene expression in Escherichia coli preventing translational initiation inhibition caused by the intramolecular local secondary structure of mRNA

Two-cistronic expression plasmids for the wild-type solubilized domain of porcine NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (PsCPR) gene in Escherichia coli were systematically constructed using a solubilized domain of porcine cytochrome b5 gene (Psb5 gene) or a derivative of it as the first cistron to examine their utility for second gene expression preventing the translational inhibition caused by the intramolecular local secondary structure of mRNA at the ribosome-binding site (RBS). The mRNAs from the plasmids lacking an RBS for the second cistron (SD2) accumulated very low levels of PsCPR, while those from the plasmids having an SD2 accumulated higher levels of PsCPR. The level of accumulation of PsCPR by the mRNA from plasmid pCbSD-T-CPR-3, which has an SD2 upstream of the termination codon of the first cistron, was higher than for those with an SD2 in the intercistronic region. The predicted intramolecular local secondary structures at the SD2 of mRNAs from these plasmids were stable enough to cause translational initiation inhibition. These results indicate that the use of a two-cistronic expression plasmid is an effective way to overcome translational initiation inhibition. Improved plasmids, pCP1 and pCP2P, were constructed from pCbSD-T-CPR-3. Using these plasmids, the solubilized donain of porcine NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase was also highly accumulated on prevention of the translational initiation inhibition. These plasmids are expected to be useful tools for the comprehensive high-level expression of heterologous genes in E. coli cells.     

乙肝病毒核心抗原基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

根据乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA全基因组克隆pHBV-NC的酶切图谱,分别用限制性内切酶HincⅡ-AvaⅠ和BgLⅡ剪切pHBV—NC_1-DNA,获得了两种不同长度HBV核心抗原基因片段:HBcAgⅠ片段和HBcAgⅡ片段。用带有P_R启动子的质粒pCQV2和带有Lac启动子的质粒pUR222与HBcAgⅠ段和HBcAgⅡ片段连接,分别转化到大肠杆菌中,获得了三种不同的表达菌株,命名为pHBcAgⅠ、pHBcAgⅡ和pLcAgⅡ,并对其核心抗原的表达量做了比较。     

在大肠杆菌中反义RNA抑制乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原的表达

将乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HBcAg)基因的DNA序列分别按正、反方向置tac启动子的控制下,并克隆进入同一个质粒中,转化大肠杆菌JM103后,观察到HBcAg和HBeAg的合成均明显低于仅含有HBcAg基因的细菌,最大抑制率可达70％～80％,分子杂交可见反义RNA存在。     

Unusually high-level expression of a foreign gene (hepatitis B virus core antigen) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

As a model system for the study of factors affecting gene expression, hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has been expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The singularly high levels of expression achieved are approx. 40% of the soluble yeast protein. The HBcAg polypeptides are present as 28-nm particles which are morphologically indistinguishable from HBcAg particles in human plasma and are highly immunogenic in mice. The plasmid construction employed to achieve these very high levels of expression utilizes the constitutively active yeast promoter from the GAP491 gene which is fused in a way that all non-translated sequences flanking the HBcAg coding region are yeast-derived. Hybrid constructions containing 3'-nontranslated viral DNA (yeast 5') or 5'-nontranslated viral DNA (yeast 3') as well as a construction with both 5'- and 3'-nontranslated viral DNA also have been made. A comparison of these constructions for levels of HBcAg expression indicates that the strongest contributor to the high levels of protein is the presence of 5'-flanking sequences which are yeast-derived; secondarily, a significant improvement can be achieved if the 3'-flanking sequences also are yeast-derived. The high abundance of HBcAg in the highest producer is explicable in part on the basis of the very high stability in yeast cells of HBcAg polypeptides. Analysis of the HBcAg coding sequence reveals a very low index of codon bias for S. cerevisiae, largely discounting codon usage as a contributor to the high level of protein obtained.     

Hepatitis B virus core antigen: enhancement of its production in Escherichia coli,and interaction of the core particles with the viral surface antigen

The core antigen (HBcAg) of hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can be expressed in Escherichia coil where it assembles into icosahedral particles containing 240 or 180 subunits. Analysis of the two kinds of particles by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that a substantial proportion of their subunits were smaller than the full-length HBcAg monomer and of variable size, but all had the same N-terminal sequence showing that the smaller species were heterogeneous in their arginine-rich C-terminal regions. Around 50% of these arginine residues are encoded by the triplet AGA which is rare in E. coli. Supplementation of the level of AGA tRNA in the cell by transformation with plasmids expressing the T4 AGA tRNA gene significantly enhanced the yield of HBcAg. Fusion phage carrying a ligand specific for HBcAg showed no significant difference in the affinity for the two sizes of HBcAg particles, but in similar reactions in solution HBV surface antigen exhibited differential affinities for the same two HBcAg preparations.