胰岛素B_(26-30)五肽的二维核磁共振研究

用同核相关谱(HOMCOR)和NOE相关谱(NOESY)在D_2O中完成了胰岛素B_(26-30)五肽共振峰的归属.对其溶液构象进行了初步分析.     

Fe-Co杂化血红蛋白E11-Val甲基质子~1H NMR谱峰归属及蛋白溶液构象的研究

在500MHz~1H NMR仪上对HbA,CoHb和对称与不对称的Fe-Co杂化血红蛋白在去氧和一氧化碳配位时环形电流效应对蛋白Ell-Val甲基共振峰的影响进行了研究,将-1.0ppm峰归属于β(Co)的二个甲基质子,-1.55ppm和-2.35ppm的峰归属于α(Co)γ_1CH_3和γ_2CH_3,-1.15ppm与-2.05ppm的峰归属为α(Fe-Co)的γ_1CH_3与α_2CH_3共振峰,-1.52ppm与-2.15ppm的峰指定为β(Fe-Co)的γ_1CH_3与γ_2CH_3.根据归属对蛋白在去氧和一氧化碳配位时其溶液构象变化进行了研究,发现CO配位于β(Fe)比配位于α(Fe)使E11-Val甲基质子化学位移发生更大改变.     

Fe-Co杂化血红蛋白E11-Val甲基质子~1H NMR谱峰归属及蛋白溶液构象的研究

在500MHz~1H NMR仪上对HbA,CoHb和对称与不对称的Fe-Co杂化血红蛋白在去氧和一氧化碳配位时环形电流效应对蛋白Ell-Val甲基共振峰的影响进行了研究,将-1.0ppm峰归属于β(Co)的二个甲基质子,-1.55ppm和-2.35ppm的峰归属于α(Co)γ_1CH_3和γ_2CH_3,-1.15ppm与-2.05ppm的峰归属为α(Fe-Co)的γ_1CH_3与α_2CH_3共振峰,-1.52ppm与-2.15ppm的峰指定为β(Fe-Co)的γ_1CH_3与γ_2CH_3.根据归属对蛋白在去氧和一氧化碳配位时其溶液构象变化进行了研究,发现CO配位于β(Fe)比配位于α(Fe)使E11-Val甲基质子化学位移发生更大改变.     

谷胱甘肽-铬-烟酸螯合物的制备与表征

以烟酸(NA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和CrCl3·6H2O为原料,制备高纯度GSH-Cr3+-NA2螯合物,分析影响合成螯合物的主要因素,获得最佳合成工艺,并对获得的螯合物进行表征,确定其螯合比例。结果表明,在Cr3+/NA/GSH(mol/mol/mol)=1∶2∶4,pH 5.0、温度60℃下反应3h,制备出Cr3+/NA/GSH(mol/mol/mol)=1∶2∶1的GSH-Cr3+-NA2螯合物;红外分析显示,与GSH相比,螯合物的-NH2、-NH-特征吸收峰发生蓝移,-NHC=O中-C=O的特征吸收峰红移,-SH的伸缩振动峰消失,说明GSH上的-NH-、NHC=O中-C=O、-SH均参与相互作用;与NA相比,螯合物的-C=O的伸缩振动峰发生红移,-OH的特征吸收峰消失了,说明NA上的-C=O和-OH参与相互作用。原子力显微镜形貌分析结果指出,由两分子NA和一分子GSH链围绕一Cr3+形成GSH-Cr3+-NA2螯合物。     

神经自发整数倍峰放电节律的随机性和确定性模式的比较

为进一步区分神经自发整数倍峰放电节律的随机性和确定性模式的动力学性质,详细研究了实验神经起步点、随机理论模型(Chay模型)和确定性理论模型(Wang模型)产生的3种整数倍峰放电节律及其变化规律。结果发现,实验和随机模型经随机自共振产生的整数倍峰放电节律具有相同的统计性质(峰峰间期越大,出现的频度越低,约呈指数递减)和变化规律,与确定性Wang模型产生的整数倍节律明显不同。这提示,呈指数衰减分布的整数倍峰放电节律是经随机自共振产生的,是确定性因素和随机因素共同作用的结果。     

实验性神经起步点产生的整数倍簇放电节律

随机Hindmarsh-Rose模型中产生簇（bursting)放电节律是神经放电中存在随机自共振的一个重要理论证据,但是,该簇放电节律在实验中一直没有被发现。在实验性神经起步点细胞外[Ca^2 ]([Ca^2 ]o)低于周期1节律的[Ca^2 ]o时,发现了一种簇放电节律。其簇簇间期（inter-burst intervals,IBIs)呈现出与随机自共振引起的整数倍峰放电（interger multiple spiking)节律的峰峰间期类似的整数倍特征。随机Hindmarsh-Rose模型中产生的簇（bursting)放电节律也表现出类似的特征。结果验证了随机自共振簇放电的存在性,揭示该簇放电节律的统计特征。此外,该簇放电节律的参数区间以及其与整数倍峰放电节律的区别被揭示,簇放电节律的[Ca^2 ]o低于峰放电律的[Ca^2 ]o。     

紫膜热转变与水合

本文首次用DSC研究水合紫膜的热力学性质了,实验发现室温至400K内紫膜有三个吸热峰.水合对紫膜特别是其中蛋白质的结构及结构转变有很大影响.在R≌O.05时,BR变性峰才变得更为明显,其焓值也开始由大到小变化.在R≌O.09处,转变峰Ⅰ消失.在R=0.17处,BR变性峰的焓值及半宽分别达到其稳定值和最小值,△H=2.82±0.18 cal/gPM和△T_(1/2)=5.88K.在R≌0.25处,开始出现反映BR三、四级结构变化及紫膜晶格转化的峰Ⅱ.在R≌0.40处,变性峰半宽及峰温分别达到其稳定值△T_(1/2)=9.20±0.62K和T_3=373.1±0.46K.     

Mn~(2+)对双棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱——β-桐酸脂质体的~1H NMR谱的影响

本文研究了Mn~(2+)对双棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)—β—桐酸(β-ESA—D_2O脂质体的~1HNMR谱的影响.当Mn~(2+)被加于DPPC-β-ESA-D_2O脂质体的外水相时,处于脂质体外表面和内表面的DPPC分子的-N~+(CH_3)_3的~1H NMR峰全都消失.当Mn~(2+)被加于DPPC—D_2O和DPPC—β—ESA—D_2O混合脂质体的外水相时,所有的-N(CH_3)_3的~1H NMR峰也都消失.这个现象被认为是β-ESA与Mn~(2+)相结合及其在脂质体的里.外分子层间和在脂质体间转移的结果.     

Mn~(2+)对双棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱——β-桐酸脂质体的~1H NMR谱的影响

本文研究了Mn~(2+)对双棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)—β—桐酸(β-ESA—D_2O脂质体的~1HNMR谱的影响.当Mn~(2+)被加于DPPC-β-ESA-D_2O脂质体的外水相时,处于脂质体外表面和内表面的DPPC分子的-N~+(CH_3)_3的~1H NMR峰全都消失.当Mn~(2+)被加于DPPC—D_2O和DPPC—β—ESA—D_2O混合脂质体的外水相时,所有的-N(CH_3)_3的~1H NMR峰也都消失.这个现象被认为是β-ESA与Mn~(2+)相结合及其在脂质体的里.外分子层间和在脂质体间转移的结果.     

水肥一体化条件下设施菜地的N2O排放

在保证作物产量的前提下,研究减少农田土壤N_2O排放的水肥统筹管理措施对全球温室气体减排具有重要意义。以京郊典型设施菜地为例,设置了农民习惯(FP)、水肥一体化(FPD)、优化水肥一体化(OPTD)和对照(CK)4个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,对果菜-叶菜(黄瓜-芹菜)轮作周期内土壤N_2O排放进行了观测,并分析了氮肥施用量、灌溉方式、土壤温度和湿度等因素对土壤N_2O排放的影响。结果表明:在黄瓜-芹菜种植模式中,各施氮处理除基肥施用后N_2O排放峰持续10—15d外,一般施肥、施肥+灌溉事件后土壤N_2O排放峰均呈现3—5d短而急促的情形。黄瓜生长季N_2O排放通量与土壤湿度(WFPS)之间呈现显著相关的关系;芹菜生长季N_2O排放通量与土壤温度之间呈现显著相关的关系。观测期内FP处理N_2O排放量为(31.00±2.15)kg N/hm~2,FPD处理与之相比N_2O排放量减少了4.2%,而OPTD处理在减少40%化肥氮量的情况下,N_2O累积排放量比FP处理减少了42.7%,且达到显著水平。说明在水肥一体化条件下,合理改变施肥体系是减少N_2O排放的前提,在此基础上进行水肥优化是设施菜地保持产量、减少N_2O排放的重要技术措施。     

多巴胺D1和D2受体拮抗剂对针刺镇痛的增强

在兔K~+透入测痛模型上,应用高选择性的D_1或D_2受体拮抗剂、观察其对针刺镇痛的影响。结果表明,iv.D_2受体拮抗剂氟哌啶醇和氯氮平加强针刺镇痛,且与剂量有关。icv.D_2受体拮抗剂domperidone和舒必利及D_1受体拮抗剂SCH23390,亦能加强针刺镇痛。本文对D_1和D_2受体拮抗剂在针刺镇痛中的作用进行了讨论。     

蛇毒的核磁共振氢谱研究

本文对不同产地的蝮蛇毒和眼镜蛇毒、五步蛇毒等十六个冻干样品,进行了核磁共振氢谱测试.列出了具有代表性的的氢谱图。从谱图中可看出:每种种属蛇毒均有其特征的核磁共振氢谱,此法在准分子水平上是鉴定蛇毒的一种有效而可靠的方法.     

Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide O antigens of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 9 and 11: antigenic relationships among serotypes 9, 11, and 1.

The antigenic lipopolysaccharide O polysaccharides of capsular serotypes 9 and 11 were examined by chemical, immunological, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. Immunodiffusion tests carried out on these O antigens indicated that both contained common epitopes which were also shared by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. Chemical analysis and high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that the O antigens of serotypes 9 and 11 were high-molecular-weight polymers consisting of a backbone of repeating trisaccharide units composed of alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues (2:1). One of the alpha-L-rhamnose units forms a branch point and is stoichiometrically substituted with terminal 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose residues in the serotype 11 O polysaccharide, but only to the extent of 25% in the serotype 9 O polysaccharide. Thus, the serotype 9 O polysaccharide contains two different repeating units: a tetrasaccharide unit with the same structure as that of the serotype 11 O polysaccharide and a trisaccharide unit: [formula: see text] where R = beta-D-GlcpNAc for serotype 1 and 11 O polysaccharides, and R = H (75%) and R = beta-D-GlcpNAc (25%) for serotype 9. The structure of the previously determined serotype 1 O polysaccharide (E. Altman, J.-R. Brisson, and M. B. Perry, Biochem. Cell. Biol. 64:17-25, 1986) is identical to that of the serotype 11 O polysaccharide. We propose a more complete serotyping scheme for A. pleuropneumoniae which includes designation of both the capsular (K) and O antigens.     

Direct assignment of the cysteinyl, the slowly exchangeable, and the aromatic ring 1H nuclear magnetic resonances in clostridial-type ferredoxins.

We have directly assigned the 1H NMR corresponding to the cysteinyl protons, the slowly exchangeable protons, and the aromatic ring protons in the 1H NMR spectrum of Clostridium acidi-urici ferredoxin by isotopic labeling and 13C NMR decoupling techniques. We also show that the resonance pattern in the 8- to 20-ppm (from 2,2-dimethyl-2-sialapentanesulfonic acid) region of the 1H NMR spectra of oxidized Clostridium acidi-urici, Clostridium pasteurianum, Clostridium perfringens, and Peptococcus aerogenes ferredoxins are very similar, and we assign the resonances in this region by analogy with the spectrum of C. acidi-urici ferredoxin. The 1H NMR spectra of the beta protons of the cysteinyl residues of these ferredoxins differ, however, from the 1H NMR spectra of equivalent beta protons of the methylene carbon atoms bonded via a sulfur atom to [4Fe-4S] clusters in synthetic inorganic analogues. In the spectra of the synthetic compounds, the beta protons appear as a single resonance shifted 10 ppm from its unbonded reference position. In the spectra of oxidized clostridial ferredoxins, the cysteinyl beta protons appear as a series of at least eight resolved resonances with shifts that range from 6 to 14 ppm, relative to the free amino acid resonance position. This difference in the spectra of the protein and the synthetic compounds probably results from the fact that the equivalent beta protons of the synthetic compounds are not constrained and are free to rotate and thus assume the same average orientation with respect to the [4Fe-4S] cluster. The shift pattern in the 9- to 14-ppm region is identical in three different clostridial ferredoxins. This suggests that the molecular environments of the corresponding cysteinyl residues are identical. Significant differences in the resonance positions occur, however, in the 14- to 18-ppm region, suggesting that the physical environments of these cysteinyl residues differ. This may reflect differences in the orientation of the corresponding cysteinyl residues relative to the [4Fe-4S] clusters or differences in charge density at the cysteinyl beta protons or both. The slowly exchangeable protons were identified by comparing the 1H NMR spectra of ferredoxins reconstituted in H2O and 2H2O. The remaining resonances in the 8- to 20-ppm region were assigned to each of the 2 tyrosyl residues in C. acidi-urici ferredoxin. This was done by comparing the 1H NMR spectra of C. acidi-urici [(3',5'-2H2)Tyr]ferredoxin and C. acidi-urici [PHE2]ferredoxin with that of C. acidi-urici native ferredoxin.     

多巴胺D1和D2受体激动剂和拮抗剂对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的影响

实验应用开阔法、组织病理学方法、原位末端标记(in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-metliated de-oxy-UTP mick end labeling,TUNEL)法及免疫组织化学等方法,探讨多巴胺D1、D2受体激动剂和拮抗剂对沙土鼠前脑缺血／再灌注损伤海马CA1区神经元凋亡及凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax表达的影响。结果显示：前脑缺血5min可引起沙土鼠探索活动增加;再灌注3d,海马CA1区约95％的锥体细胞凋亡;再灌注7d,海马CA1区仅残存约2％—7％的存活锥体细胞;前脑缺血5min可抑制bcl-2的表达并诱导bax表达增高;预先应用D2受体激动剂培高利特可减轻缺血后沙土鼠行为学异常、抑制海马CA1区锥体细胞凋亡、提高锥体细胞存活数、显著诱导bcl-2的表达并抑制bax的表达。预先应用SKF38393、SCH23390及螺哌隆对以上结果无明显影响。实验结果提示,培高利特具有确切的脑保护作用,诱导bcl-2并抑制bax的表达可能是其脑保护作用机制之一。     

Structures of the O1B and O1C lipopolysaccharide antigens of Escherichia coli.

The O-specific moieties of the O1B antigen (lipopolysaccharide) from Escherichia coli O1B:K1 and the O1C antigen from E. coli O1C:K- both consist of L-rhamnose, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and N-acetyl-D-mannosamine in a molar ratio of 2:1:1:1. By using fragmentation procedures, methylation analysis, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the structures of these polysaccharides were found to be [formula: see text] In the O1B polysaccharide X is 2, and in the O1C polysaccharide X is 3. With the recently published structure of the O1A polysaccharides (B. Jann, A. S. Shashkov, D. S. Gupta, S. M. Panasenko, and K. Jann, Carbohydr. Polym. 18:51-57 1992), three related O1 antigens are now known. Their common (O1-specific) epitope is suggested to be the side-chain N-acetyl-D-mannosamine residue.     

Time-resolved resonance Raman characterization of the bL550 intermediate and the two dark-adapted bRDA/560 forms of bacteriorhodopsin.

The resonance Raman spectrum of the second intermediate in the bacteriorhodopsin cycle, bL550, is obtained by a simple flow technique. The Schiff base linkage in this intermediate appears to be protonated, contrary to previous suggestion. The fingerprint region of the spectrum of bL550 does not closely match those of any presently available model Schiff bases of retinal isomers, though some comparisons can be made. The resonance Raman spectrum of dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin is obtained and decomposed by computer subtraction of the spectrum of bR570. The remaining spectrum does not match the spectra of any model compounds presently in the literature. The spectra of bL550 and dark-adapted bRDA/560 from purple membrane in H2O are compared to those in D2O. It is found that changes in the spectrum occur in the 1,600 - 1,650 cm-1 region as well as in the 800 - 1,000 cm-1 region, but apparently not in the fingerprint region (1,100 - 1,400 cm-1). The possibilities of conformational changes of the retinal chromophore in the light adaptation process as well as the photosynthetic cycle are discussed.     

Kringle-2 domain of the tissue-type plasminogen activator. 1H-NMR assignments and secondary structure

A recombinant 90-residue polypeptide fragment containing the three-loop kringle-2 domain of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has been studied by two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz. Complete sequence-specific resonance assignments were derived. Overall, the kringle exhibits a compact, folded conformation with more than 50% of the residues in irregular structures. Elements of secondary structure were identified from sequential, medium- and long-range dipolar (Overhauser) interproton interactions. These identifications were corroborated by analysis of spin-spin scalar 3J alpha N splittings and identification of backbone amide NH protons exhibiting retarded 1H/2H exchange in 2H2O. Three antiparallel beta-sheets and six tight turns were located. In addition, one short alpha-helical region was found in the Ser43-Ala44-Gln44a-Ala44b-Leu44c-Gly45+ ++ segment; this region contains three-residue insertions unique to the t-PA and urokinase kringles. Although the secondary structure of the t-PA kringle 2 in solution is in overall agreement with that observed in the crystallographic structure of the prothrombin kringle 1 [Tulinsky, A., Park, C.H. & Skrzypczak-Jankun, E. (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 202, 885-901], the alpha-helical segment and other details of the secondary structure differ somewhat from the prothrombin homolog.     

Thermal stability studies of a globular protein in aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) by (1)H NMR

The reversible folding destabilization of hen lysozyme has been confirmed by a melting temperature (T(m)) decrease in aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The percent denatured, extracted from the histidine 15 C2H (H15 C2H) native and denatured peak areas from 500-MHz one-dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1D (1)H NMR) spectra in D(2)O, was analyzed through denaturation temperatures at 0% and 20% (w/w) PEG 1000. The lysozyme (3.5 mM) T(m) decreased by 4.2 degrees C and 7.1 degrees C in 20% (w/w) PEG 1000 at pH 3.8 and 3.0, respectively. The T(m) decreased with increasing lysozyme concentration. Additionally, the temperature-induced resonance migrations of 17 protons from 8 residues indicate that the native lysozyme structure undergoes temperature-induced conformational changes. The changes were essentially identical in both 0% and 20% (w/w) PEG 1000 at both pH 3.0 and 3.8. This small, local restructuring of the hydrophobic box region may be a manifestation of temperature-dependent solution hydrophobicity, whereas active-site cleft fluctuations may be due to the inherent active-site flexibility. The lysozyme structure in PEG at 35 degrees C was determined to be essentially native from the (1)H nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) fingerprint regions. Additionally, lysozyme chemical shifts, from 1D spectra, in PEG 200, 300, and 1000 at 35 degrees C and various concentrations were essentially identical, further confirming that the conformation remains native in various PEG solutions. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.