蚯蚓纤溶酶分子生物学进展

蚯蚓纤溶酶是近年发现的一种新型的溶解血栓物质,属丝氨酸蛋白酶,不同种属的蚯蚓中均可分离到,具纤溶活性和溶栓活性。有较好的热稳定性,多为单体酶,多数兼有纤溶活性和纤溶酶原激活活性。不同种属的蚯蚓分离的纤溶酶性质上有一定差别。已获得多种纤溶酶的N端序列及部分核酸序列,相互之间及与某些蛋白酶之间有一定的同源性。纤溶酶通过降解目的蛋白的特定位点而起作用。     

蚯蚓纤溶酶的成分分析

蚯蚓纤溶酶（ｅａｒｔｈｗｏｒｍｆｉｂｒｉｎｏｌｙｔｉｃｅｎｚｙｍｅｓ,ＥＦＥ）是从蚯蚓体内提取的一类纤维蛋白水解酶,是一种新的溶栓药．利用亲和层析技术,自蚯蚓匀浆液一步提取蚯蚓纤溶酶,并对该酶的成分进行了分析．实验表明,蚯蚓纤溶酶是一组非均一的糖蛋白,含糖量为５％左右,以中性已糖为主;等电点（ｐＩ）在４．０以下;富含Ａｓｐ,而Ｍｅｔ、Ｔｒｐ和Ｌｙｓ含量很少;ｌｍｇ蚯蚓纤溶酶相当于２５０～３００尿激酶单位．     

赤爱胜蚯蚓（EiseniaFoetidaSarigny）纤溶酶的研究：Ⅶ.纤溶酶片释放度的…

本文采用紫外分光光度法对纡溶酶片的释放度进行了测定研究，释放Ｔ５０为４５分钟，释放时间８０分钟，释放量不少于７０％，本测定方法快速简便，适宜生产中控制药品质量，进一步指导生产。     

蚯蚓纤溶酶组分及其基因的多态性

生化制备证明,蚯蚓纤溶酶为一组含有10个以上同工酶组分的混合酶.为了研究这些组分的DNA和蛋白质序列的异同,本文通过对数据库中已报道的28条蚯蚓纤溶酶基因按相似性进行归类,将它们分为4组(基因型).同一组中的序列具有共同特征,即保守的N-末端、C-末端和相同的结构域,而且这些结构域在序列中分布的位置也相同;但它们之间在中间部分存在明显差异,这些差异说明了基因型中存在多态性.这种多态性可能是它们在体内溶栓的药理药效作用存在差异的结构基础.     

蚯蚓纤溶酶组分的抗原性

以大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂为配基 ,通过亲和层析制备出的蚯蚓纤溶酶 (EFE)含有 11～ 13个组分 .为了了解这些组分的相互关系 ,用EFE免疫家兔获得了抗血清 .利用该抗血清与已纯化的 10个组分进行免疫双扩散 ,根据形成沉淀线的形状可以将上述 10个组分分为 4大组 .各组内组分之间的沉淀线完全融合 (免疫反应同一性 ) ;组间沉淀线交叉 (免疫反应非同一性 )或为支线 (免疫反应部分同一性 ) .这种按免疫学性质分组与根据分子量大小、氨基酸组成和N端氨基酸序列分组基本吻合 .上述结果为EFE的分类提供了依据 .     

蚯蚓纤溶酶的分离纯化及性质

蚯蚓纤溶酶的分离纯化及性质邢宝东殷慎敏茹炳根（北京大学生命科学学院生物化学及分子生物学系,北京１００８７１）关键词蚯蚓;纤溶酶;纤维蛋白收搞日期：１９９７－０１－２１;接收日期：１９９７－０３－２７。蚯蚓作为中药已有悠久历史,许多中医都把它作为活血药...     

蚯蚓纤溶酶的糖成分分析

以大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂为配基的亲和层析制备的蚯蚓纤溶酶是一组糖蛋白。通过苯酚一硫酸法测中性糖,3,5一二硝基水扬酸法测还原糖,硅胶G薄层层析法鉴定糖的种类,结果为：蚯蚓纤溶酶主要含有中性己糖,含量为15％左右,TFMS的去糖处理会使蚯蚓纤溶酶酶活丢失．     

蚯蚓纤溶酶的纯化及稳定性研究

蚯蚓纤溶酶（ＥＰＡ）抽提液经３０％ ～７０％ 饱和度的（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ 盐析、ＤＥＡＥ—纤维素柱层析、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－７５葡聚糖凝胶过滤等纯化步骤,得到了具有纤溶活性的洗脱峰,置凝胶电泳后,得到四个活性组分,它们经５０℃保温６ｈ,活力上升６４％ ;在２ ｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸胍存在时,活力仅保存７．２％ ,当其浓度降低时,活力可恢复至９０％ ;在１％ ＳＤＳ存在时,活力仅保存１２．１％ ,但当ＳＤＳ除去时,活力又可恢复。因此,盐酸胍、ＳＤＳ均为ＥＰＡ 可逆性抑制剂。另外,ＥＰＡ 中含有较高的糖链（占总量的４５％ ）,具有良好的抵抗自水解作用。     

蚯蚓纤溶酶组分的分离纯化和分析

通过以大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂为配基的亲和层析,从蚯蚓（大平二号, 即赤子爱胜蚓）纯化出的纤溶酶是一组非均一的纤维蛋白水解酶.经DEAE-纤维素离子交换和制备电泳进一步分离纯化,得到12个单一组分. 这些组分的等电点(pI)按照它们在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)图谱上的顺序从4.0开始依次降低; SDS-PAGE证明, 除3、4外,其余组分均只含一种多肽链,分子质量在22～34 ku之间;用shiff试剂和酚-硫酸染色, 显示1、2、6.5和7是糖蛋白,其中7的糖含量最高; 以BAEE、Chromozym UK和Chromozym PL为底物测定,7的纤溶酶活性最高.     

蚯蚓纤溶酶底物特异性

蚯蚓纤溶酶是具有较强溶栓作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶,为研究蚯蚓纤溶酶在溶栓的同时是否对其他血液蛋白有破坏作用,本实验以一些血液功能蛋白为底物,用蚯蚓纤溶酶在体外对其进行水解,采用SDS—PAGE检测水解前后底物成分的变化。结果显示,蚯蚓纤溶酶短时间内能完全水解纤维蛋白和纤维蛋白原,长时间作用下能部分水解牛血清白蛋白和人免疫球蛋白重链,不水解牛血红蛋白、牛血超氧化物歧化酶和牛凝血酶原。表明蚯蚓纤溶酶对血栓成分具有较强的识别和水解能力,而对其他血液蛋白作用微弱,说明蚯蚓纤溶酶作为药物使用时具有较强的溶栓和预防血栓形成的作用,且副作用较小。     

纳他霉素的分子生物学研究进展*

纳他霉素是一种多烯大环内酯类抗真菌抗生素,广泛用于食品防腐。通过综述纳他霉素分子生物学的研究进展,揭示了纳他霉素的生物合成基因簇,包括纳他霉素26元环的形成基因(pimSO-pimS4)和修饰基因共16个可读框架,并对其编码的蛋白质PKS、PimD、PimJ、PimK的功能作了较为详细的论述。     

Production of Pyoluteorin and Its Derivatives from n-Paraffin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa S10B2

In investigations of biological active substances in metabolites of n-paraffin-utilizing microorganisms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) S10B2 isolated from soil was found to produce pyoluteorin and its derivatives. One derivative was identified as 3′-nitropyoIuteorin, a new metabolite of microorganisms. Some of these products were found to have antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the herbicidal activity of these products was discovered.     

On Further Study of Extracellular Accumulation of DNA by Hydrocarbon-utilizing Pseudomonas Species

Extracellular accumulation of high molecular weight DNA was further studied using Pseudomonas species. More efficient production was obtained by the use of glucose-grown seed culture and by controlling the broth-pH at around 6.0 for first 24 hr and then around 8.0 during the fermentation. The maximum yield was 5 to 6 g per liter of the broth culture, which corresponded to 10-fold of that reported in the previous work.

Purified DNA (4 × 10⁶ daltons) was obtained successfully by applying an aqueous biphase system of dextran-polyethyleneglycol and dextranase.

Significant release of DNA occurred only with cell lysis of H-paraffin-grown bacteria. The primary cause of rapid lysis was explained by the exhaustion of cellular glucose pool. Relation of DNA accumulation to the effect of rhamnolipids on cell membrane was also investigated.     

昆虫分子生物学的一些进展：杀虫剂抗性的分子基础

昆虫分子生物学的一些进展：杀虫剂抗性的分子基础翟启慧（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）昆虫对杀虫剂的中毒,在药物动力学上包括三种不同水平上的作用：穿透表皮组织,在体内组织中的分布、贮存和代谢,以及对最终靶部位的作用。因此,已经公认的抗性机理包括...     

华广虻肠道溶纤活性蛋白的纯化和性质(英文)

经过 75 %饱和度硫酸铵沉淀、SephadexG 75凝胶过滤层析、Lys Sepharose 4B亲和层析和电泳制备洗脱 ,从华广虻 (TabanusamaenusWalker)腹部组织匀浆液中分离纯化出分子量约为 6 7KD的溶纤活性蛋白TAFP。经纤维蛋白平板测定表明 ,TAFP不仅具有纤溶酶作用 ,还具有激活纤溶酶原的作用 ;通过三肽生色底物测定发现 ,TAFP能分解纤溶酶原激活剂的生色底物—ChromozymUK及S 2 2 88。还能水解胰蛋白酶专一底物Bz Phe Val Arg NA及CBZ Gly Pro Arg NA ,表明TAFP具有类胰蛋白酶活性 ,专一水解精氨酸形成的酰胺键 (或肽键 )。TAFP无胰凝乳蛋白酶活性     

钜齿远蚓(Amynthas dancataa)纤溶酶的分离纯化及其若干性质

 以野生型钷齿远蚓为材料,组织匀浆后,经生理盐水抽提,硫酸铵分级沉淀,葡聚糖凝胶过滤和DEAE离子交换层析,得到两种纯的蚯蚓溶酶,具有强烈的溶解纤维蛋白的作用。它们都是糖蛋白,非寡聚酶,分子量分别为23,000、40,000。测定了一个酶的氨基酸组成,它对某些底物的作用,被一些抑制剂抑制的程度,说明它是练氨酸蛋白酶类、胰蛋白酶类酶     

CHARACTERIZATION AND PURIFICATION OF GUT FIBRINOLYTIC PROTEASE FROM TABANUS AMAENUS

Abstract After ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, Lys-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and elution from electrophoresis, the fibrinolytic protease (TAFP) was isolated and purified from the extract of T. amaenus Walker gut. It appeared a single band corresponding to molecular weight of approximately 67kD on SDS-PAGE and an probably pI of 7.2 on IEF. On fibrin plate and plasminogen-free fibrin plate (heated at 85°C for 30 minutes to eliminate plasminogen), TAFP showed same fibrinolytic activity. The result might indicate that TAFP is a fibrinolytic enzyme degrading fibrin, as well as a plasminogen activator degrading fibrin via activating plasminogen. The result of chromogenic substrates indicated that TAFP possesses trypsin-like activity specifically degrading argininyl amide bond or peptide bond, but has no chymotrypsin activity. TAFP was almost inhibited powerfully by antipain, PMSF, soybean trypsin inhibitor and soybean Bowman-Birk inhibitor. However, leupeptin, antitrypsin and TLCK was more powerful effective inhibitors of TAFP. Optimal reaction pH of TAFP was 7.5, and it was stable in 5.5–7.0 of pH range.     

昆虫分子生物学的一些研究进展：生物钟的基因

昆虫分子生物学的一些研究进展：生物钟的基因翟启慧（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）生物的许多行为和生理现象有周期性波动,称为生物节律或生物钟。长期以来,这是一个十分吸引人却又难以理解的问题。虽然有大量文献描述生物钟的现象,但对其机理却一无所知。...     

昆虫分子生物学的一些进展：神经递质和离子通道

昆虫分子生物学的一些进展：神经递质和离子通道翟启慧（中国科学院动物研究所北京１０００８０）１神经递质神经递质（ｎｅｕｒｏｔｒａｎ。ｍｉｔｔｅｒ）是在化学突触神经ｆＧ。１问传递信息的化学物质。神经递质有许多不同类型,如乙酸胆碱、丫一氨基丁酸、生物胺等。...     

Crystal structure of earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component a: revealing the structural determinants of its dual fibrinolytic activity

Earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component A (EFEa) from Eisenia fetida is a strong fibrinolytic enzyme that not only directly degrades fibrin, but also activates plasminogen. Proteolytic assays further revealed that it cleaved behind various P1 residue types. The crystal structure of EFEa was determined using the MIR method and refined to 2.3A resolution. The enzyme, showing the overall polypeptide fold of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases, possesses essential S1 specificity determinants characteristic of elastase. However, the beta strand at the west rim of the S1 specificity pocket is significantly elongated by a unique four-residue insertion (Ser-Ser-Gly-Leu) after Val217, which not only provides additional substrate hydrogen binding sites for distal P residues, but also causes extension of the S1 pocket at the south rim. The S2 subsite of the enzyme was partially occluded by the bulky side-chain of residue Tyr99. Structure-based inhibitor modeling demonstrated that EFEa's S1 specificity pocket was preferable for elastase-specific small hydrophobic P1 residues, while its accommodation of long and/or bulky P1 residues was also feasible if enhanced binding of the substrate and induced fit of the S1 pocket were achieved. EFEa is thereby endowed with relatively broad substrate specificity, including the dual fibrinolysis. The presence of Tyr99 at the S2 subsite indicates a preference for P2-Gly, while an induced fit of Tyr99 was also suggested for accommodation of bigger P2 residues. This structure is the first reported for an earthworm fibrinolytic enzyme component and serine protease originating from annelid worms.