Studies in the taxonomy of the Polypores II

The following genera are redefined:Albatrellus S. F. Gray,Heterobasidion Bref.,Haploporus Bond. et Sing. ex Sing.,Fomitopsis P. Karst. andRigidoporus Murrill two new subgenera are described:Polyporus subgen.Dendropolyporus Pouz. (type:Polyporus umbellatus) andRigidoporus subgen.Neooxyporus Pouz. (type:Polyporus latemarginatus); the genusOxyporus (Bourd. etGalz.)Donk is classified as a subgenus of the genusRigidoporus,Murrill and the generaBjerkandera P. Karst. andLeptoporus quél. are classified as subgenera of the genusTyromyces P. Karst. The new subfamilyAlbatrelloideae Pouz. (genera:Albatrellus andGrifola) is described and 14 new specific combinations are made. The new genusIrpicodon Pouz. (type:Irpex pendulus) is proposed.     

The variability of critical species ofLotus L. in Iran and in the neighbouring countries I. the circle ofL. corniculatus L. andL. gebelia Vent.

The region of Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan and the neighbouring countries is important for some groups of the speciesLotus L., especially those of the circle ofL. corniculatus L. andL. gebelia Vent. The first group is represented by the speciesL. corniculatus L. with 4 subspecies (3 of which are important for this region), andL. tenuis Waldst. etKit. which here attains the eastern boundary of the continuous area of distribution, and by the eastern speciesL. krylovii Schischk. etSerg. andL. rechingeri Chrtková-?ertová. The second group is represented by the speciesL. gebelia Vent.,L. michauxianus Ser. in DC. andL. libanoticus Boiss. their areas of distribution covering mostly those regions. Most of the species show considerable variability within the species.     

Differentiation of species in Gonioloboceras

The type specimen ofGonioloboceras goniolobum (Meek), rediscovered by Spath in the British Museum, is the foundation for a more accurate comparative study of this and other species ofGonioloboceras.Gonioloboceras described asG. goniolobum byElias in 1938 is differentiated asGonioloboceras schmidti, new species. Suture sets (new term) for several growth stages inG. goniolobum (Meek),G. welleriSmith,G. schmidtiElias, G.eliasiMiller &Owen, andG. asiaticumLibrovitch are assembled and used for differentiation of the species.The Kazakhstan goniatite faunule containingG. asiaticum is considered of very late Pennsylvanian age.     

Karyo-taxonomic study of the genus<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudolysimachion</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Scrophulariaceae</Emphasis>) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

Flow cytometry was used to determine ploidy levels in the Czech and Slovak taxa of the genusPseudolysimachion (W.D.J. Koch)Opiz (=Veronica auct. p.p.,Scrophulariaceae). In total, 123 populations from the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine (one locality), Austria (one locality) and Hungary (one locality) were analyzed. InP. maritimum (L.)Á. Löve etD. Löve andP. spicatum (L.)Opiz, two cytotypes were found: diploid (2n=2x=34) and tetraploid (2n=4x=68). In both species the tetraploid cytotype predominated (P. maritimum: 41 tetraploid populations out of 45;P. spicatum: 57 tetraploid populations out of 58). The two cytotypes ofP. maritimum have no taxonomic significance because ploidy level is not obviously correlated with morphology, distribution pattern or ecology. Tetraploid populations ofP. spicatum belong to two morphologically different subspecies, subsp.spicatum and subsp.fischeri Trávní?ek. The diploid cytotype (one population only) should be provisionally classified as a third subspecies ofP. spicatum, which is morphologically similar to the Asian subsp.porphyrianum (Pavlov)Trávní?ek. Only diploid plants (2n=2x=34) ofP. orchideum (Crantz)Wraber were found; all 13 populations that were analyzed belong toP. orchideum s.str. One diploid population sample ofP. spurium subsp.foliosum (Waldst. etKit.)Holub (2n=2x=34) and one tetraploid sample ofP. incanum subsp.pallens (Host)Trávní?ek (2n=4x=68) were also analyzed. In addition, three tetraploid populations of hybrid origin were investigated:P. maritimum ×P. spicatum subsp.spicatum (one population) andP. maritimum ×P. spurium subsp.foliosum (two populations). While hybrid plants ofP. maritimum ×P. spicatum arose from tetraploid parental species, plants ofP. maritimum ×P. spurium probably resulted from a cross between tetraploidP. maritimum and diploidP. spurium. The putative origin and evolutionary importance of polyploids in thePseudolysimachion are discussed.     

Beiträge zur Sedimentation und fossilführung des hunsrückschiefers 14.Viriatellina fuchsi (Kutscher, 1931) im Hunsrückschiefer und im Tentaculitenknollenkalk thüringens

The new genusViriatellina Bou?ek, 1964 unites the two older species namedNovakia gemündina Runzheimer, 1932 andTentaculites fuchsi Kutscher, 1931. ThusViriatellina gemuendina (Runzheimer) is cancelled, on the other handViriatellina fuchsi (Kutscher) remains valid. RecentlyViriatellina fuchsi (Kutscher) has been found in the tentaculitiferous limestone of Thuringia.     

Some chromosome numbers of the CzechoslovakLeguminosae

Chromosome numbers of the Czechoslovak species of the genusLotus, from various localities have been determined. The paper includes the speciesLotus uliginosus Schkuhr,L.tenuis Waldst. etKit. andL. borbásii Ujhelyi.     

On the taxonomy ofPuccinia sieversiae Arth. and some remarks on the phylogeny of the rusts onGeeae

Puccinia tatrensis Urban onGeum reptans in Czechoslovakia is recognized as a subspecies ofPuccinia sieversiae Arth.Puccinia waldsteiniae, P. gei andP. gei-parviflori appear to be the most ancient rusts known on the tribeGeeae and it is assumed that their common ancestral form was already present in the Cretaceous period.Puccinia sieversiae is more advanced and has its centre of origin and spread in Central Asia. Phylogenetically most advanced and at the same time most differentiated from each other are species ofPhragmidium, i.e.P. circumvallatum andP. miyabeanum.     

New subfamily Proschizophoriinae of dalmanellid Brachiopds

Proschizophoria Maillieux is restudied and found to be related to the Silurian genusIdiorthis McLearn and a new genusCordatomyonia, type speciesCordatomyonia shupei, n. sp.Proschizophoria, Idiorthis, andCordatomyonia are united in the new subfamily Proschizophoriinae which is assigned to the dalmanellid family Rhipidomellidae. Rhipidomellidae and its included subfamilies Heterorthinae, Rhipidomellinae, and Proschizophoriinae are emended and newly diagnosed. A new dalmanellid genus,Megasalopina, is proposed for the Lower Devonian species“Dalmanella” elevata Williams & Breger and its allies. It is thought to have been derived from the draboviinid genusSalopina Boucot and therefore belongs to the Schizophoriidae.Dalmanellopsis Khalfin is removed from the synonymy ofLevenea and is shown to be related toSalopina.     

Die Arten der Foraminiferen-GattungAsterigerina d'Orb. im Tertiär NW-Deutschlands

Some species ofAsterigerina are described and discerned, as they occur in different levels of the sequence from Eocene to Miocene in northwestern Germany.Asterigerina bartoniana (Dam) in the Eocene is followed byAsterigerina rotula haeringensis Lühr andAsterigerina brandhorstiana n. sp. in the Lower Oligocene (sensuBeyrich).Asterigerina gürichi gürichi (Franke), typical for the lowermost part of sequences of Upper Oligocene age, is furnished with a lectotype out ofFrankes material. This species is substituted by the subspeciesAsterigerina gürichi staeschei (Dam & Reinhold) in the Miocene. The localities of Lower Oligocene in littoral facies near Bünde (Westfalia) are mentioned and described. (Localities “Brandhorst” resp. “Hof Fahrenkamp” and newer outcrops).     

Glacial relics in the bryoflora of the highlands Českomoravská vrchovina (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands); Their habitat and cenotaxonomic value

The paper sums up the information which the author has so far collected about the habitats and phytocenotic conditions of the glacial relics ofScorpidium scorpioides (Hedw.) Limpr.,Calliergon trifarium (Web. etMohr.)Kindb.,Paludella squarrosa (Hedw.) Brid., andMeesia triquetra (Hook. etTayl.)Aongstr. in the Highlands ?eskomoravská vrchovina (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands) in Czechoslovakia. Simultaneously, it presents a survey of the localities in which the occurrence of these species has been ascertained up to now.     

Über böhmische und türkische Vertreter vonAnetoceras (Ammon., Unterdevon)

The Bohemian speciesAnetoceras solitarius (Barrande 1865) is re-described, including the TurkishA. barrandei (De Verneuil 1866). The other Bohemian species areA. aff.advolvens Erben 1960 and?A. fritschi (Barrande 1877). A new speciesA. recticostatum n. sp. is described from the German Lower Devonian, and several still problematical species of the genus are discussed. Finally, the supposed phylogenetic position and the relations ofAnetoceras are pointed out. The Upper SiegenianA. hunsrueckianum Erben 1960 is regarded as most primitive coiled ammonoid and as connecting link between the bactritids, and early coiled ammonoids.Mimosphinctes Eichenberg is considered to be a descendant fromAnetoceras.     

Glacial relics in the bryoflora of the highlands Českomoravská vrchovina (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands); Their habitat and cenotaxonomic value

The paper sums up the information which the author has so far collected about the habitats and phytocenotic conditions of the glacial relics ofScorpidium scorpioides (Hedw.) Limpr.,Calliergon trifarium (Web. etMohr.) Kindb.,Paludella squarrosa (Hedw.) Bred., andMeesia triquetra (Hook. etTayl.) Aongstr. in the Highlands ?eskomoravská vrchovina (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands) in Czechoslovakia. Simultaneously, it presents a survey of the localities in which the occurrence of these species has been ascertained up to now.     

Die systematische Stellung von Angustiphyllum cuneiforme n. gen. n. sp., einer eigenartigen Tetrakoralle aus dem Mitteldevon Nordspaniens

The newly found tetracoralAngustiphyllum cuneiforme n. gen. n. sp. from theGosseletia-Sandstein (Couvinium) of Candás/Prov. Oviedo (Northern Spain) is described and designed an ancestor of the so called “cuneate corals”Homalophyllum Simpson, 1900,Xenocyathellus Bassler, 1937 andHomalophyllites Easton, 1944 from the Devonian and Mississippian of North-America. Because of their undoubtful genetic relations the whole group of cuneate corals is joined to the subfamily Homalophyllidae n. subfam. within the family ZaphrentoididaeSchindewolf, 1938. Evidently the evolution developed in a progressive orthogenetic manner from the new genesAngustiphyllum (Middle Devonian) toXenocyathellus (higher Middle Devonian) andHomalophyllites (Mississippian), whileHomalophyllum (Middle Devonian) separated from this line in a early stage and thenceforth had its own evolution.     

Holothurien-Sklerite aus dem Dachsteinkalk (Ober-Trias) der nördlichen Kalkalpen

By dissolving Dachstein-limestone with acetic acid, Holothurian sclerites were obtained, i. e. sieve plates and wheels. One new species of the genusCalclamna, two new species of the genusCalclamnella, and the well known speciesFissobractites subsymmetrica Kristan-Tollmann were received within the family Calclamidae. For the first time the family Priscopedatidae is represented in the Triassic by two new species of the genusPriscopedatus and byStaurocumites cf.bartensteini Deflandre-Rigaud. Within the family Theeliidae four new species can be adjoined to the genusTheelia whileAcanthotheelia spinosa Frizzell & Exline could be confirmed by comparison.     

Cytotaxonomic notes on the generaIndigofera L. andCyamopsis DC.

Continuing cytotaxonomic research in the generaCyamopsis andIndigofera, this time with attention payed for the greater part to East Tropical African species yielded the following results:

1. 1.
   Except for four rather small subsections ofIndigofera proper and the related genusRhynchotropis Harms, information was obtained about all Taxa. Of the 283 species described inGillett'ss monograph, some 80 species, among them a few with subspecies and varieties, now have been cytologically examined.     
   
   

Soluble carbohydrates in developing and mature diaspores of polar Caryophyllaceae and Poaceae

The accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in maturing diaspores of flowering plants comprising Arctic populations of Cerastium alpinum, indigenous Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia antarctica, and cosmopolitan Poa annua from the Antarctic was investigated. For comparative purposes, the diaspores of two species of flowering plants growing in the area of Olsztyn (Poland), Poa annua (Poaceae) and Cerastium arvense (Caryophyllaceae) were used. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of soluble carbohydrates conducted by means of high-resolution gas chromatography showed that monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), maltose and sucrose, raffinose, myo-inositol and galactinol are ubiquitous in developing and mature diaspores among investigated species. Moreover, D. antarctica and P. annua caryopses additionally contained stachyose and 1-kestose; the seeds of Caryophyllaceae studied were found to contain d-pinitol and d-ononitol. The development and maturation of the seeds of polar Caryophyllaceae and Poaceae were accompanied by the changes in the concentration of their soluble carbohydrates. During maturation, seeds accumulated galactinol and raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs), except C. quitensis. Although seeds of the studied Caryophyllaceae contained d-pinitol and lower amounts of d-ononitol, they did not accumulate α-d-galactoside derivatives of mentioned cyclitols. P. annua caryopses, occurring in the Antarctic, were found to accumulate considerably higher amounts of sucrose and 1-kestose than those developed in Olsztyn.     

Die GattungEridoconcha Ulrich & Bassler (Eridostraca) im Mitteldevon von Ost-Thüringen

The presence of the genusEridoconcha Ulrich & Bassler 1923 (Eridostraca) is reported for the first time from the Lower Paleozoic sediments of Germany. The three speciesE. spinosa n. sp.,E. papillosa n. sp., andE. cf.rugosa Ulr. & Bassl. are described from the Lower Middle Devonian of eastern Thuringia.     

Zum Problem der sexuellen Fortpflanzung in der PeridineengattungCeratium

On the basis of older literature and our new observations, a hypothesis is presented to illustrate our present view on the sexual cycle of the Ceratia. In the fresh-waterC. cornutum it has been possible to demonstrate that the “Knäuelstadium” ofBorgert (1910) represents in fact the postzygotene of meiosis. Formerly the “Knäuelstadium” was considered to be a stage of mitosis but, contrary to this view, occurs only in the Praeceratia, i. e. the swarmers emerging in spring from the germinating cysts (Scoczylas 1958). The “Knäuelstadium” has also been observed in marine Ceratia, but in cells of normal shape (Borgert 1910,Schneider 1924), which therefore function as meiocytes. The microswarmers (truncata-, lineata- andlata-forms;Lohmann 1908,Apstein 1910, 1911, and others) are the male gametes which copulate with females similar to vegetative cells, and which in this process are completely (flagellums?) resorbed by the latter. Stages of copulation have been observed in preserved material byApstein (1911),Borgert (1910),Tschirn (1920) and by us, and in the living state inC. horridum also by us. The latter species is monoecious. The marine Ceratia therefore seem to be haplonts in which the zygotes cannot be distinguished from vegetative cells, neither by a resting stage nor by obvious differences in shape. The possibility of diplophasic mitosis, however, has not been excluded.     

„Kragen” an Atrypiden aus Schillen des Unteren Plattenkalkes (Givet) von Bergisch Gladbach (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge)

In the Lower Plattenkalk of Bergisch Gladbach occur, besides the well known?Hians”-beds, polymictic accumulations of shell material. Together with the valves ofMartinia inflata (Schnur),Uncinulus parallelepipedus (Br.) andIsopoma brachyptyctum (Schnur) are great numbers ofSpinatrypa tubaecostata (Paeck.) andAtrypa prisca gladbachensis n. subsp. In spite of the fact that the host rock was deposited as shell debris, in particular the rhynchonellids and atrypids are easily separated from it in a well preserved state. Atrypa (Desquamatia) prisca gladbachensis n. subsp. is commonly found with its alations intact. This subspecies, which is here described in some detail, fluorisched on a marly ooze bottom. The expanded valves increased the food gathering field, while the alations, surrounding the shell margin almost like a flange, functioned as effective particle filters. Because of this, the free valves floated under wave attack and became fossilized almost undamaged. The brachiopod shells and the organoplastic debris were washed on to discontinuity surfaces which probably had already been lithified by algal growth.