茅苍术叶片可培养内生细菌多样性及其促生潜力

对江苏省道地药材茅苍术叶片可培养内生细菌的多样性及其固氮、解磷、解钾、产生长素的能力进行研究。依据菌落形态的不同,共分离得到52株内生细菌。能正常传代培养的45株内生细菌经ARDRA分析后归入14个聚类簇,簇内菌株的BOX-PCR指纹图谱相似度不高,在属水平上显示出茅苍术内生细菌丰富的多样性。各聚类簇代表菌株16S rDNA的序列分析表明分离得到的内生细菌与泛菌属、微杆菌属、短杆菌属、农杆菌属、假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属细菌亲缘关系相近,优势内生细菌与假单胞菌属细菌亲缘关系相近。45株能正常传代培养的内生细菌中,有10株能够在无氮培养基上正常生长,具固氮潜力。使用nifH基因通用引物对其基因组进行扩增后,除ALEB 33外,其它9株内生细菌均可获得与nifH基因片段大小相近的条带。分别使用NBRIP培养基和蒙金娜有机磷培养基筛选后获得19株和15株能够溶解磷酸钙和卵磷脂的内生细菌,其中ALEB 43溶解无机磷的能力最强,达(251.43±6.55)mg/L;ALEB 4A溶解有机磷的能力最强,达(23.63±1.46)mg/L。部分内生细菌溶解无机磷的能力与其产酸能力呈正相关,而菌株溶解有机磷的能力却无此相关性。通过硅酸盐培养基的筛选,获得具有解钾潜力的菌株24株。43株内生细菌能够将色氨酸转化为生长素,其中ALEB 44产生长素的能力最强,达(268.44±10.12)μg/mL。本研究首次揭示了江苏省道地药材茅苍术体内丰富的内生细菌资源及其促生长潜力,对进一步阐述茅苍术与内生菌之间的相互关系具有重要意义。     

桐花树内生和根际细菌多样性及抗血栓活性研究

红树植物内生菌在红树共生体的物质循环、能量传递和健康维护等方面起着重要作用。为探究红树植物内生菌的多样性,进一步揭示内生菌在红树共生体的功能多样性提供菌种资源,该研究选择6种分离培养基和采用传统稀释涂布法对从广西北海滩涂上采集的桐花树组织和根际土壤样品进行分离,对获得的可培养细菌进行多样性分析,并通过体外溶栓实验筛选出具有抗血栓活性的菌株。结果表明:(1)基于16S rRNA基因序列系统进化分析,从桐花树组织和根际土壤中共获得125株细菌;分布于变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes) 3个门27个科39个属74个种中,芽孢杆菌属为优势菌属,菌株数量占13.5%。(2)抗血栓活性实验表明,初筛获得18株具有抗血栓活性细菌,总阳性率为24.32%;将初筛有活性的菌株进行复筛和重复验证实验,进一步验证其活性,结果复筛出3株细菌B1850、B1989和B2632具有很强抗血栓活性。综上所述,广西北海滩涂上红树植物桐花树中存在丰富的可培养细菌资源,具有从中挖掘新的纤溶酶和开发溶血栓药物的潜力。     

东乡野生稻内生细菌Fse32拮抗作物病害真菌及对水稻的促生活性

【背景】植物种子是植物内生菌筛选的重要原料,从中能够分离得到具有巨大应用价值的内生菌株。【目的】为发掘优良的种子内生细菌资源,对分离自东乡野生稻种子的内生细菌Fse32进行鉴定并研究其抗病原真菌和促生活性。【方法】通过形态学观察、生理生化特征和16SrRNA基因序列分析进行菌种鉴定,采用拮抗试验检测抑制病原真菌的活性,通过促生能力测定试验、水稻种子萌发及盆栽试验评价该菌株的促生效果。【结果】内生细菌Fse32鉴定为唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌,命名为Burkholderia gladioli Fse32。拮抗试验结果显示,菌株Fse32对禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)、水稻纹枯病菌(Rhizoctoniasolani)、核盘菌(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum)、大豆核盘菌(Sclerotinialibertiana)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusariumoxysporum)和辣椒疫霉病菌(Phytophthoracapsici)均有较好的抑制作用,吲哚乙酸(indole-3-aceticacid,IAA)产率为17.95mg/L,能产铁载体,其A/Ar比值为0....     

地锦草内生细菌多样性、拮抗及促生特性测定

【背景】植物内生细菌既能抑制病原菌对植物的侵染,也具有促生作用。分离具有拮抗和促生活性的内生细菌可为开发微生物菌肥提供理论依据。【目的】筛选内生细菌中的优势拮抗、促生菌种资源。【方法】以地锦草为材料,采用4种分离培养基分离该植物内生细菌,通过形态特征以及16S r RNA基因序列分析,鉴定内生细菌的分类归属。采用平板对峙法,测定内生细菌对棉花立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、小麦赤霉病菌(Fusarium graminearum)、玉米小斑病菌(Bipolaris maydis)的拮抗活性。通过固氮、解磷、产吲哚乙酸(Indole Acetic Acid,IAA)、产铁载体能力等指标初步检测地锦草内生细菌的促生活性。【结果】共分离到133株内生细菌,分属于4门5纲8目13科25属,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)为优势门(52.63%),优势属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),占15.79%。发现有8株菌相似性小于98.65%,可能为潜在新物种。拮抗活性结果表明,22株菌有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中菌株DHL56、DHN17、DHP3、DHP8对这3种病原菌...     

小花老鼠簕可培养细菌多样性及其生物学活性研究

小花老鼠簕(Acanthus ebracteatus)是一种生长在红树生态系统的珍稀真红树植物,具有较高的药用价值。为研究小花老鼠簕内生及根际可培养细菌多样性,挖掘其潜在新物种及具有特殊生物学活性的菌株,该文利用7种不同培养基,通过传统稀释涂布法对小花老鼠簕各植物组织及根际土壤可培养细菌进行分离,基于16S rRNA基因序列解析其内生及根际细菌群落结构和多样性特征,应用植物病原菌平板对峙实验和平铺捕食活性测试分析其可培养细菌的抗菌活性。结果表明：(1)基于16S rRNA基因序列分析,发现从小花老鼠簕的根、茎、叶、花及根际土壤中分离得到144株可培养细菌,这些细菌隶属于18目26科37属66种,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)为优势菌属,分别占细菌种数的15.1%和13.6%;(2)拮抗多种植物病原菌试验结果显示,获得29株具有拮抗植物病原菌活性的细菌,10株具有广谱抑菌活性,其中链霉菌属菌株拮抗作用最强且菌株Y129为潜在新物种。(3)捕食活性测试结果显示,有5株细菌对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡...     

新疆药用植物牛至内生细菌多样性与抗菌活性

【背景】植物内生菌作为微生物群落中一类非常重要的组成部分,在多个领域都有广泛的应用价值,如促进植物生长、抵抗病虫害、生物固氮、降解有毒有害化合物等。【目的】进一步丰富新疆野果林苹果腐烂病害的生防资源以及分析牛至内生细菌多样性特征。【方法】通过纯培养方法,对健康植物牛至组织进行内生细菌的分离纯化,并进行16S rRNA基因序列分析;再利用平板对峙法筛选具有抑制苹果腐烂病病原菌生长的内生细菌。【结果】共分离到168株内生细菌,最终确定为4门5纲8目12科17属,其中优势属为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)。由分离实验结果可知,M1号TSA培养基,M5号组氨酸-棉子糖培养基和M6号NA培养基是分离牛至内生细菌较为理想的培养基;采自新源县野果林的牛至内生细菌多样性较为丰富,在牛至根部内生细菌种类更多;通过拮抗实验共筛选出59株牛至内生细菌具有较好的抑菌效果。【结论】新疆药用植物牛至内生细菌的物种多样性较为丰富,而且富含一批有效抑制野苹果腐烂病病原菌生长的内生细菌菌株。因此,本研究在新疆野果林苹果腐烂病的生物防治和药用植物内生细菌种质资源的填补等方面具有重要意义。     

川蔓藻内生及根际细菌多样性与抑菌活性研究

该研究采用稀释涂布法结合形态观察、16S rRNA基因序列分析,对广西北海川蔓藻(Ruppia maritima)内生及根际细菌的物种多样性进行了研究,并采用琼脂扩散法和光度计法分析了其粗提物抑制马尔尼菲青霉菌活性。结果表明:从川蔓藻中分离到可培养内生细菌26株,根际可培养细菌31株。分别将内生细菌归属为10科12属13种,根际分离出细菌归属为9科14属19种,其中5株根际细菌可能为潜在新种。获得8株细菌对马尔尼菲青霉菌有抑制活性,总阳性率为25.0%。其中,菌株BGMRC 2015、BGMRC 2059、BGMRC 2043的粗提物表现出较强的抑制马尔尼菲青霉菌效果,其MIC分别为(1.800±0.045)、(1.881±0.061)、(1.604±0.021)mg·m L~(-1)。川蔓藻中可培养细菌具有较高的物种多样性,蕴藏着丰富的新物种资源,且富含抑菌活性良好的菌株。     

Salt-tolerant and plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from Zn/Cd contaminated soil: identification and effect on rice under saline conditions

The bacteria of PDMCd0501, PDMCd2007, and PDMZnCd2003 were isolated from a Zn/Cd contaminated soil. They were classified as salt-tolerant bacteria in this experiment. The bacteria had indole-3-acetic acids (IAA) production, nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization, under 8% (w/v) NaCl condition. Biochemical test (API 20E) and 16S rDNA sequencing identified PDMCd2007 and PDMCd0501 as Serratia sp. and PDMZnCd2003 was Pseudomonas sp. The effect of Pseudomonas sp. PDMZnCd2003 on the germination and seedlings of Oryza sativa L.cv. RD6 was determined under a salinity of 0–16 dS/m. The salinity levels of 4–16 dS/m affected to decrease germination and seedlings of rice. Comparison between uninoculated and inoculated system, however, Pseudomonas sp. PDMZnCd2003 had a negative impact on the rice growth. This unexpected effect was a case that should be concerned and studied further before application as a plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB).     

Distribution frequency of pathogenic bacteria isolated from cutaneus leishmaniasis lesions

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease characterized by single or multiple ulcerations. Secondary bacterial infections are one of the complications that can increase the tissue destruction and the resulting scar. To better determine the incidence of real secondary bacterial infections in CL, we designed the current study. This was a cross-sectional study performed in Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Isfahan, Iran. A total of 1,255 patients with confirmed CL enrolled in the study. Sterile swaps were achieved for ulcer exudates and scraping was used for non-ulcerated lesions. All samples were transferred to tryptic soy broth medium. After 24 hr of incubation at 37 degrees C they were transferred to eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) and blood agar. Laboratory tests were used to determine the species of bacteria. Among 1,255 confirmed CL patients, 274 (21.8%) had positive cultures for secondary bacterial infections. The bacteria isolated from the lesions were Staphylococcus aureus in 190 cases (69.3%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus in 63 cases (23.0%), E. coli in 10 cases (3.6%), Proteus sp. in 6 cases (2.2%), and Klebsiella sp. in 5 cases (1.9%). The results show that the overall incidence of secondary bacterial infections in the lesions of CL was 21.8%, considerably high. The incidence of secondary bacterial infections was significantly higher in ulcerated lesions compared with non-ulcerated lesions.     

番茄青枯病拮抗菌筛选鉴定及其发酵条件初探

从健康番茄根系采样,筛选出4株对番茄青枯病有较强拮抗作用的菌株,在NA培养基上抑菌圈直径>9 mm。其中拮抗菌株YB6抑菌活性最强且拮抗效果稳定,通过形态学观察及部分生理生化特征测定,初步确定为节杆菌属。通过单因素试验进行了发酵条件初步研究,得到适宜的发酵条件为:发酵时间3 d,培养温度30°C,初始pH值9.0,接种量3%,转速100 r/min,碳源蔗糖,氮源酵母浸膏。通过初步优化后拮抗菌株抑菌活性明显增强,最终对青枯病菌SST-Y和G2M1.70抑菌圈直径与NB培养基相比增加了76.72%和81.14%,差异显著。     

Glutathione and tryptophan metabolites are key players in Arabidopsis nonhost resistance against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

The nonhost resistance of Arabidopsis against hemibiotrophic fungi in the genus Colletotrichum consists of pre- and post-invasive immune responses. Previously, we reported EDR1 and PEN2 as important components of Arabidopsis pre-invasive resistance toward non-adapted Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Cg). However, despite their defect in entry control pen2 and edr1 mutants terminated further growth of this pathogen by activating the post-invasive hypersensitive response (HR) accompanied by plant cell death. In the present study, we showed that γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), which is required for glutathione biosynthesis, and tryptophan (Trp) metabolism contribute to pre- and post-invasive non-host resistance against Cg. We found GSH1 to be involved in the PEN2-dependent entry control of Cg. Opposite to pen2 and edr1, gsh1 mutants failed to restrict the invasive growth of the pathogen, which demonstrated the requirement for GSH1 during post-invasive non-host resistance. Based on the infection and metabolic phenotypes of Arabidopsis mutants defective in Trp metabolism, we showed that the biosynthesis of Trp-derived phytochemicals is also essential for resistance to Cg during the post-invasive HR. By contrast, GSH1 and these metabolites are dispensable for the induction of HR cell death, which is triggered in the non-invaded mesophyll cells adjacent to the Cg-invaded epidermal cells.     

Hydrogenosomal activity of Trichomonas vaginalis cultivated under different iron conditions

To evaluate whether iron concentration in TYM medium influence on hydrogenosomal enzyme gene expression and hydrogenosomal membrane potential of Trichomonas vaginalis, trophozoites were cultivated in irondepleted, normal and iron-supplemented TYM media. The mRNA of hydrogenosomal enzymes, such as pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), hydrogenase, ferredoxin and malic enzyme, was increased with iron concentrations in T. vaginalis culture media, measured by RT-PCR. Hydrogenosomal membrane potentials measured with DiOC6 also showed similar tendency, e.g. T. vaginalis cultivated in iron-depleted and iron-supplemented media for 3 days showed a significantly reduced and enhanced hydrogenosomal membrane potential compared with that of normal TYM media, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that iron may regulate hydrogenosomal activity through hydrogenosomal enzyme expression and hydrogenosomal membrane potential.     

Foliar aphid feeding recruits rhizosphere bacteria and primes plant immunity against pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in pepper

Background and Aims

Plants modulate defence signalling networks in response to different biotic stresses. The present study evaluated the effect of a phloem-sucking aphid on plant defence mechanisms in pepper (Capsicum annuum) during subsequent pathogen attacks on leaves and rhizosphere bacteria on roots.

Methods

Plants were pretreated with aphids and/or the chemical trigger benzothiadiazol (BTH) 7 d before being challenged with two pathogenic bacteria, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria (Xav) as a compatible pathogen and X. axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag) as an incompatible (non-host) pathogen.

Key Results

Disease severity was noticeably lower in aphid- and BTH + aphid-treated plants than in controls. Although treatment with BTH or aphids alone did not affect the hypersensitive response (HR) against Xag strain 8ra, the combination treatment had a synergistic effect on the HR. The aphid population was reduced by BTH pretreatment and by combination treatment with BTH and bacterial pathogens in a synergistic manner. Analysis of the expression of the defence-related genes Capsicum annum pathogenesis-related gene 9 (CaPR9), chitinase 2 (CaCHI2), SAR8·2 and Lipoxygenase1 (CaLOX1) revealed that aphid infestation resulted in the priming of the systemic defence responses against compatible and incompatible pathogens. Conversely, pre-challenge with the compatible pathogen Xav on pepper leaves significantly reduced aphid numbers. Aphid infestation increased the population of the beneficial Bacillus subtilis GB03 but reduced that of the pathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum SL1931. The expression of defence-related genes in the root and leaf after aphid feeding indicated that the above-ground aphid infestation elicited salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signalling throughout the whole plant.

Conclusions

The findings of this study show that aphid feeding elicits plant resistance responses and attracts beneficial bacterial populations to help the plant cope with subsequent pathogen attacks.     

红海榄内生细菌多样性及其抑制鱼类致病菌活性研究

红海榄为红树科红海属植物,广泛分布于热带海岸的红树林中,为真红树植物的典型代表。该研究以广西山口红树林国家级自然保护区红海榄为对象,应用稀释涂布法和三线法从红海榄各组织中分离出17株内生细菌,通过各菌株形态特征观察及利用16S rRNA序列基因和韦恩图分析其内生细菌多样性。结果表明:17株内生细菌分属3个门5科7属8种,Micromonospora和Mangrovibacter属为其优势类群。进一步分析发现红海榄根茎叶等组织的内生细菌类群差别较大,仅有1个相同菌属,17株菌中有3株菌与已有细菌物种典型菌株的全长16S rRNA基因相似性低于97%,代表着潜在的新属或新种。运用纸片法研究8株内生细菌发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物对鱼类致病菌副溶血弧菌活性抑制效果,发现3株内生细菌(H003、H013、H009,浓度5 mg·m L-1)的代谢产物对副溶血弧菌具有较强的抑菌活性,其抑菌圈直径分别达到(8.4±0.07)、(8.2±0.07)、(8.3±0.14)mm。该研究结果表明红海榄中具有较好的内生细菌多样性和抑菌活性,为今后研究其内生细菌的化学多样性及其应用提供了重要的物质基础。     

关防风根腐病拮抗细菌筛选与鉴定

【背景】由木贼镰刀菌[Fusarium equiseti(Corda)Sacc.]引起的关防风根腐病,是近年来导致关防风产量及质量下降的主要土传病害之一。生物防治因其对环境安全及人畜无害等优势,成为目前植物病害防治的一种有效手段。【目的】挖掘关防风根际土壤中对木贼镰刀菌具有良好拮抗作用的生防菌株。【方法】采用稀释平板法分离根际土壤细菌;用滤纸片法和牛津杯法对拮抗细菌进行筛选和抑菌谱检测;用抗生素标记法标记拮抗细菌并测定其定殖能力;通过盆栽实验研究其对关防风根腐病的防效;通过形态学、生理生化特征及16S rRNA基因序列确定分类学地位。【结果】从健康关防风根际土壤中分离纯化了157株细菌,筛选获得对关防风根腐病菌具有显著抑菌作用的拮抗细菌SC-119,无菌滤液的抑菌率可达68.53%,而且兼具广谱抑菌能力和良好的定殖能力;盆栽实验表明,菌株SC-119对关防风根腐病的防治效果达到67.39%,其相对防效较接种哈茨木霉菌剂、枯草芽胞杆菌菌剂和代森锰锌分别提高了29.03%、32.26%和16.13%;对菌株SC-119进行分类学鉴定,确定其为萎缩芽胞杆菌(Bacillus atrophae...     

茅尾海无瓣海桑内生细菌多样性及其细胞毒活性北大核心CSCD

【目的】对无瓣海桑各组织器官内生细菌的分布特征、物种多样性及细胞毒活性进行分析。【方法】采用稀释涂布法分析无瓣海桑内生细菌的菌落形态及分布。利用16S r RNA基因序列进行系统发育分析,探讨无瓣海桑内生细菌的物种多样性。利用MTT法测试内生细菌培养液的乙酸乙酯提取物细胞毒活性。【结果】从各组织器官中分离出内生细菌38株,隶属12科21属(其中5属未定科),内生细菌数量和群落结构组成存在明显的组织特异性。在分离的菌株中,有5株菌与已有细菌物种典型菌株的全长16S r RNA基因相似性低于97%,代表着潜在新属或新种。5株内生细菌(R74、R71、S92、S85、S84)具有较强的细胞毒活性。【结论】无瓣海桑中可培养内生细菌的物种多样性丰富,潜藏较丰富的新物种资源,且含有较为丰富的活性菌株。     

青海湖裸鲤肠道乳酸菌多样性与抑菌活性

【目的】通过生理生化特性,结合16S r RNA基因序列分析研究青海湖裸鲤肠道乳酸菌分离株的多样性,并对这些代表株的抑菌活性进行初步探讨,以期筛选具有高效抑菌活性的鱼源益生菌。【方法】对分离的47株乳酸菌代表株进行p H、温度生长范围、耐盐性等生理生化特征检测,结合16S r RNA基因序列对已分离到的乳酸菌进行基因分型和菌种鉴定,采用牛津杯双层平板法检测乳酸菌代表株的抑菌活性。【结果】鉴定结果显示:23株为Lactobacillus fuchuensis(48.94%),12株为Lactobacillus curvatus(25.53%),3株为Leuconostoc fallax(6.38%),2株为Lactobacillus sakei(4.26%),2株为Weissella ceti(4.26%);2株为Lactococcus cremoris(4.26%),1株为Leuconostoc lactis(2.13%),1株为Weissella minor(2.13%),1株为Enterococcus devriesei(2.13%)。qz1217、qz1196、qz1220所在的A、B、C三组乳酸菌在5-50°C的温度范围内生长良好,qz1196、qz1220所在的B、C组在pH 3.0-10.0的范围内生长良好,几乎所有乳酸菌都具有耐6.5%盐浓度特性。13株乳酸菌菌株对6种病原菌都具有抑制作用。通过排除酸、过氧化氢实验,发现上清液仍然具有抑菌活性。对qz1251发酵液进行蛋白酶处理,抑菌活性消失,确定其抑菌物质属于蛋白类物质,是一种细菌素。【结论】青海湖裸鲤肠道附着乳酸菌的多样性为益生性乳酸菌的筛选提供优质资源及数据参考。     

树兰原球茎内生细菌群落多样性及功能分析

【目的】通过分析树兰原球茎内生细菌群落组成、多样性特征和促生功能,探究树兰种子萌发相关的核心细菌类群及生物学功能。【方法】以树兰原球茎(树兰种子在树皮基质上共生萌发、在树叶基质上共生萌发、在MS1培养基上非共生萌发)和共生萌发基质(松树皮、腐熟树叶)共5个样本为研究材料,采用高通量测序技术分析不同萌发条件下原球茎内生细菌的16S rRNA基因多样性,比较分析细菌群落多样性和物种组成特征,通过传统的内生细菌分离方法获得共生萌发原球茎内生细菌菌株,并进行促生潜力评价。【结果】从5个研究样本中共获得2 735个可操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit, OTU),属于41门453科876属,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势门。主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis, PCoA)结果表明,树兰原球茎与萌发基质细菌群落结构存在差异,非共生萌发原球茎与在树皮基质上共生萌发原球茎内生细菌群落结构最为接近。功能预测表明,在树叶基质上共生萌发的原球茎内生细菌固氮功能显著高于其他萌发条件。通过分离培养,共获得内生细菌19株,分属12属16种,其中鞭毛膨胀芽孢杆菌(Tumebacillus flagellatus)、Bradyrhizobium cenepequi和人参腐殖土魏茨曼氏菌(Weizmannia ginsengihumi)为共生萌发原球茎共有种;韩国假单胞菌(Pseudomonaskoreensis)和 W. ginsengihumi兼具有溶磷、产吲哚乙酸(indole-3-acetic acid, IAA)和铁载体的潜在能力。【结论】在不同环境中萌发的树兰原球茎均有丰富的内生细菌群落定殖;从共生萌发原球茎中分离的内生细菌具有固氮、溶磷、产IAA和铁载体等促生功能。本研究为兰科植物种子萌发相关微生物资源挖掘及兰科植物与微生物互作研究提供科学依据。     

苹果渣乙醇提取物抗菌活性及防腐作用研究

为提高苹果渣资源利用率,探究苹果渣乙醇提取物的抗菌活性和防腐性能,该文采用微波辅助提取法制取苹果渣乙醇提取物,用抑菌圈实验测定其抗菌活性,并研究了其防腐作用.结果表明:(1)苹果渣乙醇提取物对酵母菌抑制作用不明显(抑菌圈直径<1 mm),对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌作用较明显(抑菌圈直径为6～9 mm),最佳抑菌浓...     

一株溶藻细菌对海洋原甲藻的溶藻效应

从深圳大鹏湾南澳赤潮爆发海域的表层海水中分离得到1株对海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)具有溶藻活性的海洋细菌,菌株编号为N10。利用液相感染法研究了该溶藻细菌的溶藻效果和溶藻作用方式。结果表明,菌株N10能使藻细胞失去运动活性,并膨胀变形,细胞膜内物质聚集于一端,藻细胞最终破裂死亡。菌悬液接种到藻液中的量越大,初始细菌密度越高,其溶藻效果越强。菌悬液以1∶10的体积比接种到藻液中时,藻细胞在24 h的死亡率为83%,至72 h全部溶解死亡;体积比为1∶20的藻细胞在24 h的死亡率为71%,之后藻细胞密度略有波动,120 h时死亡率达77%;而体积比为1∶100的藻细胞密度在前24 h有所下降,死亡率达39%,之后藻细胞密度又开始明显上升;对照组的藻细胞密度均呈明显上升趋势。菌悬液过滤液和高温加热处理后的菌悬液过滤液对海洋原甲藻均无溶藻活性,表明菌株N10的溶藻方式为直接溶藻。通过16S rRNA序列分析并与GenBank数据进行同源性检索,并结合细菌形态及生理生化特征,菌株N10隶属于黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)中的Muricauda sp.。