Marklose Nervenfasern im III. und IV. Ventrikel des Kaninchen- und Katzengehirns

Zusammenfassung Bei Kaninchen und Katze kommen im III. und IV. Ventrikel in großer Zahl intraventrikuläre marklose Nervenfasern vor. Sie enden mit kolbenförmigen Auftreibungen, die Bläschen und kernhaltige Vesikel enthalten. Ein Zusammenhang mit subependymalen und intraependymalen Nervenfasern kann angenommen werden. Stellenweise findet man intraventrikuläre freie Gliazellen, die die Nervenfasern teils begleiten, teils umscheiden.

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Summary In the 3rd and 4th ventricle of the brain in rabbit and cat a great number of non-myelinated nerve fibers are found. These nerve fibers have bulb like endings, which contain small vesicles and dense cored vesicles. It is concluded that these nerve fibers are in connection with intraependymal and subependymal nerve fibers. In some regions, glial cells ly freely in the ventricle. They accompany and surround the nerve fibers in the ventricular cavity.

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Die Untersuchung wurde mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt.

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Frau Professor Dr. Berta Scharrer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Die Feinstruktur der Cerebraldrüse von Planorbarius corneus L. (Basommatophora)

Summary The fine structure of the cerebral gland of the fresh water snail Planorbarius corneus has been described. The apical cell surfaces of the epithelium bordering the lumen are covered with short microvilli and in some parts with cilia. There is a remarkable enlargement of the basal surface of those cells underlying the perineurium by long branched cell processes. The fine structure and density of the substances in the lumen differ; inclusions of paracrystallin structure are found. The possible functional significance of these organs in Pulmonates is discussed.

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Frau Prof. Dr. B. Scharrer zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.

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Mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Cell types and neuronal connections in cultures of mammalian central nervous tissue

Summary Various neuronal cell types surviving in cultures of cerebellum, brain stem and cerebral cortex of new-born rats and kittens were described. The regenerative power of neurons in these explants was expressed by the growth of new processes that reached a length of several millimeters. However, nerve fiber regeneration and growth followed an entirely erratic pattern as evidenced by sometimes extensive fiber convolutions.Feed-back collaterals of axonic processes that returned fibers to their own cell bodies or their dendrites were a common feature in many neurons. Short chains of interconnected neurons were detected in a number of cultures. The connections between these neurons were established by apposition of fine axon terminals to presumable postsynaptic cell bodies or dendrites but not by true synaptic boutons. In numerous instances, synapses of the bouton type that appeared morphologically normal could be shown to represent remnants of severed connections since the presynaptic fibers proved to be isolated fiber fragments. Under the sterile conditions of the culture environment these structures apparently persisted without considerable morphological alteration. Evidently, most neurons in our cultures were reduced to the status of isolated cells due to extensive de-afferentiation at the time of explantation. Moreover, there was no evidence for the establishment of new synaptic connections between regenerating neurons.This work was supported by Research Grant NB 03114-05 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, United States Public Health Service.Dedicated to my esteemed teacher, Prof. Dr. W. Bargmann, on the occasion of his 60th birthday.Sincere appreciation is expressed to Mrs. Eleanor Morris for her assistance in the management of the cultures, and to Mr. E. E. Pitsinger, Jr. for his photographic assistance.     

Drei neue Blattlaus-Parasiten aus Hongkong

Summary Two new species of the genusBinodoxys Mackauer 1960 and one new species of the genusLipolexis Foerster 1862 (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from the Oriental region are described. All parasites have been reared from aphids onCitrus. A key is given for the known species of the genusLipolexis Foerster.

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22. Beitrag zur Kenntnis derAphidiidae.     

Das nervensystem der cercarie von Catatropis indica srivastava, 1935 (Digenea : Notocotylidae) und der geschlechtsreifen form von Diaschistorchis multitesticularis Rohde, 1962 (Digenea : Pronocephalidae)

The nervous systems of the cercaria of Catatropis indica and of the adult Diaschistorchis multitesticularis are described. Ganglion cells, myoblasts and large cells of unknown nature in Diaschistorchis are described and figured.

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Für technische Hilfe danke ich Miss Lilian Liz, Mr. Teh Kox Leng und Mr. K. Balakrishnan. Durchgeführt im Zoology Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

The sensory papilla X-organ in Boreomysis arctica (Krøyer) (Crustacea Malacostraca Mysidacea)

Summary The SPX-organ in Boreomysis arctica (Krøyer) (Crustacea Malacostraca Mysidacea) was investigated light and electron microscopically. The organ consists of a group of cells (the SPX-cells) and a vesicle surrounded by a connective tissue sheath. It is situated near the base of the sensory papilla of the eye-stalk. Neurosecretory material is produced in the SPX-cells and transported in axon-like projections from these cells into the vesicle. These processes contain no neurotubuli. Numerous fibres from an afferent nerve emanating from the medulla terminalis also enter the vesicle, where they form a dense irregular meshwork. This nerve transports no neurosecretory material. There are numerous synaptic contacts between the afferent nerve fibres and the neurosecretory processes from the SPX-cells. The neurosecretory material released from them accumulates in haemocoelic spaces in the vesicle. Release is most probably effected by the afferent nerve. Acknowledgements. We are indebted to Prof. H. Brattström and the staff of Biologisk Stasjon, Espegrend for working facilities and material. Mrs B. Morawetz and Mrs L. Eriksson gave us skilled technical assistance. The investigation was made possible by grants from the Swedish Natural Science Research Council.     

Die Gelege von zwei indischen Prosobranchiern der Gattung Assiminea (Leach) Fleming 1828

Summary Some details concerning the reproduction of 2 Indian species of the supralitoral prosobranch genus Assiminea are described and compared with those of a North Sea species. The eggs are deposited on the mud surface and covered by an oblong cap formed of faecal pellets. The transversal dimension of the cap is correlated with the species-specific size of the pellets, the length corresponds to the number of eggs covered. In the North Sea Assiminea the cap is more or less straight, in the Indian species it meanders or is coiled up. The free-living veliger stage in both tropical species is more extended than in the North Sea species; this observation agrees with the rule of Thorson.

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Prof. Dr. W. W. Ankel, meinem verehrten Lehrer, in Dankbarkeit gewidmet.

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The author wishes to express his thanks to the Government of India for a postgraduate scholarship under the Indo-German Industrial Cooperation Scheme 1952–1955 and to the Fisheries Department, Govt. of Madras, for their hospitality.     

L'élevage massif artificiel deCeratitis capitata Wied.

Summary A method of artificial mass-breeding ofCeratitis capitata has been developped after the results obtained byFinney andChristenson. The breeding of the larvae is obtained on a medium made of powdered atomised carrot and brewer's yeast, the development of molds and bacteria being inhibited by benzo?c and hydrochloric acids. Nearly 80 per cent of the eggs give adult flies. An original method for obtaining the eggs in an artificial egg-laying apparatus is described. The development of the insect is completed in 21 days at the temperature of 26°C. A daily production of 20 000 flies or more is easily obtained, at very low cost, by the work of a single person.

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Travail réalisé avec la collaboration technique de MlleM. Barthes.

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Station de Zoologie agricole du Centre de recherches agronomiques du Sud-Est.     

Dominant erbliche doppelseitige Dysplasie und Synostose des Ellenbogengelenks

Symmetrical dysplasia of the elbow joint and humero-radial synostosis together with brachymesophalangism, shortening of metacarpale I, and synostosis of carpal and tarsal bones in a boy, his mother and most probably also his grandmother is described. The combined malformations resemble closely those reported in a father and his daughter by Joachimsthal and in a father and his son by Mouchet and Saint-Pierre. It is suggested that this may represent a distinct hereditary entity.

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Kommissarischer Direktor: Prof. Dr. G. Jentschura     

Abwehrreaktionen vonMalacosoma neustria gegen Tachinenlarven bei gleichzeitigem Auftreten einer Kernpolyedrose

Summary Two types of larvae ofMalacosoma neustria (L.) different in their behaviour as well as in their activity, produce also layers of hemocytes of different thickness after parasitization by the tachinidMericia ampelus wilk. A nuclear polyhedrosis that occurred simultaneously killed both larval types at different speed. The possibility is discussed that the quality of the hemocyte reaction to parasitization depends not only directly on the larval type, but also indirectly through the polyhedrosis.

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Durchgeführt mit Unterstützung der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.

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Herrn WOR Dr. J. M.Franz danke ich für wertvolle Anregungen und jederzeitige Unterstützung der Arbeit.     

The fine structure of cephalopod blood vessels

Summary The fine structure of blood vessels of the retina and arms of Octopus and the lip of Sepia is described.There are two main types of vessels. The first type (type 1) has a complete basement membrane, an incomplete lining of endothelial cells formed into finger—like processes, and a complete investment of pericytes surrounding the vessel. These latter cells contain myofilaments. The second type (type 2) is smaller and contains few if any myofilaments, and has a less complexly folded endothelium. This type is subdivided into three forms depending on the number of pericytes and the form of the endothelial lining.Amoebocytes are described and these form a distinct group of cells.The fine structure of hemocyanin is observed in normally fixed material and is correlated with its previously described structure.These observations are related to their possible functional importance.

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Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur von Blutgefäßen der Retina und der Arme von Octopus und der Lippe von Sepia wird beschrieben.Es bestehen vorwiegend zwei Gefäßtypen. Der erste Typ (Typ 1) zeigt eine geschlossene Basalmembran, eine unvollständige Begrenzung durch Endothelzellen, die fingerförmige Fortsätze bilden und eine vollständige Pericytenhülle um das Gefäß. Die letztere enthält Myofilamente. Der zweite Typ (Typ 2) ist kleiner und enthält wenig oder keine Myofilamente. Er besitzt ein weniger komplex gefaltetes Endothel. Dieser Typ wird gemäß der Zahl der Pericyten und der Form der endothelialen Begrenzung in drei Gruppen unterteilt.Deutlich verschiedene Amoebozyten werden beschrieben.Die Ultrastruktur von Haemocyanin ist an normal fixiertem Material zu beobachten. Sie wird zu ihrer in früheren Arbeiten beschriebenen Struktur in Beziehung gebracht.Die Beobachtungen werden in Hinblick auf ihre mögliche funktionelle Bedeutung diskutiert.

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Acknowledgements. We would like to acknowledge the encouragement and advice of Professor J. Z. Young and Dr. E. G. Gray. Mrs. J. I. Astafiev did the drawings and Mr. A. Aldrich and Mr. S. Waterman helped with the photography.     

A new Naccaria from the West Indies

Summary A species of Naccaria (Rhodophyceae-Naccariaceae) from the West Indies is described as new under the name of N. antillarum. It is larger in habit and in structural details than N. wigghii as found in Bermuda, and the carpospores germinate within the cystocarp.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue Naccaria (Rhodophyceae-Naccariaceae) aus West Indien beschrieben namens N. antillarum. Sie ist größer als N. wigghhii and auch ihre einzelne Strukturen sind größer. Die Carposporen keimen innerhalb Cystocarps.

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This study was conducted under National Science Foundation grant no. GB-3186, which help is most gratefully acknowledged. The latin diagnosis was provided by the kindness and skill of Dr. Hannah T. Croasdale.     

Ultrastructure of the lateral-line sense organs of the ratfish,Chimaera monstrosa

Summary The ultrastructure of the lateral-line neuromasts in the ratfish, Chimaera monstrosa is described. The neuromasts rest at the bottom of open grooves and consist of sensory, supporting, basal and mantle cells. Each sensory cell is equipped with sensory hairs consisting of a single kinocilium and several stereocilia. There are several types of sensory hair arrangement, and cells with a particular arrangement form patches within the neuromast. There are two types of afferent synapse. The most common afferent synapse has a presynaptic body and is typically associated with an extensive system of anastomosing tubules on the presynaptic side. When the tubules are absent, vesicles surround the presynaptic body. These synapses are often associated into synaptic fields, containing up to 35 synaptic sites. The second type of afferent synapse does not have a presynaptic body and is not associated with the tubular system. The afferent synapses of the second type do not form synaptic fields and are uncommon. The efferent synapses are either associated with a postsynaptic sac or more commonly with a strongly osmiophilic postsynaptic membrane. The accessory cells are similar to those in the acoustico-lateralis organs of other aquatic vertebrates. A possibility of movement of the presynaptic bodies and of involvement of the tubular system in the turnover of the transmitter is discussed. A comparison of the hair tuft types in the neuromasts of Ch. monstrosa with those in the labyrinth of the goldfish and of the frog is attempted.     

Aspergillus Gracilis Bainier var. Sartoryi (Biourge) Batista,Lima e Vital n. var. — Sua importáncia filogenética

Summary We deal with a new variety ofAspergillus which we callAspergillus gracilis Bainiervar. sartoryi (Biourge) Batista, Lima and Vital.This variety appears to be very important under the phylogenetic point of view, apparently being an intermediate form betweenAspergillus andPenicillium.Its morphology resemblesA. gracilis but the conidia characteristics are distinct; we took the epithetsartoryi fromA. sartoryi Biourge which was not described by the respective author.We suggest, too, the transfer of the seriesA. restrictus, where we put our new variety, from the groupA. glaucus, to become independant, as a connective series in the phylogenetic development betweenAspergillus andPenicillium, since the type of the series and the other elements that it embraces does not produce sclerotia or cleistothecia and the conidial apparatus offers curious similarity toPenicillium. Besides, some fungi of the series grow well in certain culture media, in complete discordance with the members of the groupA. glaucus.

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Publiçacão no 4

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Chefe do Instituto de Micologia;

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Diretor do Instituto de Antibióticos e Prof. de Microbiologia da Escola de Química;

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Assistente micologista do Instituto de Micologia — (Todos da Universidade do Recife).

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Os autores declinam o seu agradecimento ao Dr.Heraldo da Silva maia, Assistente micologista eD. Marilene Maranhão Moreira, Auxiliar-Técnico, do Instituto de Micologia, pela colaboração que lhes prestaram, durante a realização do presente trabalho.     

Serumgruppen und Krankheit

Summary This paper gives a statistical appraisal on the relationship between diseases and the serum-groups Hp, Gc, Gm, Lp and Ag. The material of all publications available to us until May, 1968 has been summarized by the method of Woolf.

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(Direktor: Prof. Dr. F. Vogel)     

Über Bau und Funktion der Nudibranchier-Rhinophoren

Zusammenfassung Der Feinbau von Rhinophoren verschiedener Nudibranchia (Adalaria proxima, Polycera quadrilineata, Facelina drummondi, Dendronotus arborescens) wurde untersucht. Die meisten Epithelzellen besitzen dicht beieinander liegende, große Vakuolen, welche amphidiskenförmige Einschlüsse enthalten, sowie an weiteren kennzeichnenden Organellen Filamentbündel, Mikrotubuli und zahlreiche glattwandige Bläschen. Apikal tragen sie einen Mikrovillussaum und oft Zilien. Diese Zellen stehen einerseits mit nackten Nervenfasern in Kontakt, andererseits basal mit zahlreichen Synapsen. Sie dienen wahrscheinlich der Wahrnehmung von Tast- und Strömungsreizen. Daneben kommen im Epithel vereinzelt langgestreckte Zellen vor, die vermutlich olfaktorische Funktion haben.

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Cytology and function of the nudibranch rhinophores

Summary The fine structure of the rhinophores of various nudibranch molluscs (Adalaria proxima, Polycera quadrilineata, Facelina drummondi, Dendronotus arborescens) was studied with the electron microscope. Most of the epithelial cells contain densely packed large vacuoles with amphidisc-like inclusions. Further, their cytoplasm ist characterized by filament bundles, microtubules and numerous smooth-surfaced vesicles. The apical cellular surface bears microvilli and frequently also cilia. These cells are in close contact both with naked nerve fibers and at their base with synapses, and presumably serve the perception of tactile and rheotactile stimuli. Much less frequently slender epithelial cells occur, the function of which may be olfactory.

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Die Untersuchungen wurden mit dankenswerter Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft durchgeführt.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. W. Bargmann danke ich für die Überlassung eines Arbeitsplatzes im Anatomischen Institut Kiel.     

Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen

Zusammenfassung Aus Kulturen zweier Streptomycetenstämme wurde das l-2,5-Dihydrophenylalanin (I) isoliert. Die antibiotische Wirkung dieser Verbindung kann durch Phenylalanin und Tyrosin aufgehoben werden.

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Metabolic products of microorganisms87. l-2,5-dihydrophenylalanine

Summary l-2,5-Dihydrophenylalanine has been isolated from cultures of two strains of Streptomyces. The antibiotic activity of this compound is antagonized by Phenylalanine and Tyrosine.

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86. Mitteilung: W. Keller-Schierlein und W. Richle: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1970 (im Druck).

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Jetzt: Gesellschaft für Molekularbiologische Forschung mbH., Stöckheim bei Braunschweig.     

Synaptic relationships in the plexiform layers of carp retina

Summary The synaptic contacts made by carp retinal neurons were studied with electron microscopic techniques. Three kinds of contacts are described: (1) a conventional synapse in which an accumulation of agranular vesicles is found on the presynaptic side along with membrane densification of both pre- and postsynaptic elements; (2) a ribbon synapse in which a presynaptic ribbon surrounded by a halo of agranular vesicles faces two postsynaptic elements; and (3) close apposition of plasma membranes without any vesicle accumulation or membrane densification.In the external plexiform layer, conventional synapses between horizontal cells are described. Horizontal cells possess dense-core vesicles about 1,000 Å in diameter. Membranes of adjacent horizontal cells of the same type (external, intermediate or internal) are found closely apposed over broad regions.In the inner plexiform layer ribbon synapses occur only in bipolar cell terminals. The postsynaptic elements opposite the ribbon may be two amacrine processes or one amacrine process and one ganglion cell dendrite. Amacrine processes make conventional synaptic contacts onto bipolar terminals, other amacrine processes, amacrine cell bodies, ganglion cell dendrites and bodies. Amacrine cells possess dense-core vesicles. Ganglion cells are never presynaptic elements. Serial synapses between amacrine processes and reciprocal synapses between amacrine processes and bipolar terminals are described. The inner plexiform layer contains a large number of myelinated fibers which terminate near the layer of amacrine cells.This work was supported by an N.I.H. grant NB 05404-05 and a Fight for Sight grant G-396 to P.W. and N.I.H. grant NB 05336 to J.E.D. The authors wish to thank Mrs. P. Sheppard and Miss B. Hecker for able technical assistance. P.W. is grateful to Dr. G. K. Smelser, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, for the use of his electron microscope facilities.     

An artificial medium for rearingProdenia litura F. and two other noctuids

Résumé Un milieu artificiel pour l'élevage deProdenia litura F. est décrit sur lequel six générations successives de cette noctuelle furent élevées collectivement et deux individuellement. La fermeture du cycle biologique de larve néonata à larve néonate fut également obtenue sur ce milieu dans le cas d'Agrotis ypsilon Rott. etCyrphis unipuncta Haw.

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Contribution from The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research, Rehovot, Israel. 1964 Series, No. 679-E.

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Division of Entomology, the Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research Rehovot.     

Rubinstein-Taybi-Syndrom bei wahrscheinlich eineiigen Zwillingen

Summary The syndrome of broad thumbs and toes with facial abnormalities is described in twins who despite of probable monozygotic origin exhibit some true phenotypic differences.

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(Direktor: Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. W. Lenz)