The Presence of an Abscisic Acid like Factor in Nonviable Rice Seeds

Experiments were carried out with viable and nonviable rice seeds to detect the nature of germination inhibitors. An abscisic acid like factor is present in nonviable seeds but absent in viable ones. The main source of the factor is the embryo although measurable amounts are also obtained from the husk; it is not found in the endosperm however. Interaction with GA₃ and IAA suggests that both the rice seed inhibitor and abscisic acid are antagonistic to GA₃ and partially reversed the IAA induced growth. The similarity of the UV absorption spectra of the inhibitor and abscisic acid also proves its presence in nonviable seeds. The inhibitor suppresses the α-anivlase activity both in intact and excised seeds in the same way as abscisic acid but the suppression is partially overcome with higher concentrations of GA₃.     

The Relation between Accumulation of Abscisic Acid and Proline in Detached Rice Leaves

The relation between abscisic acid (ABA) and proline accumulation was investigated in detached rice (Oryza sativa L.) leaves. In darkness, proline content increased about 2-, 2,5- and 6-fold after 24, 48 and 72 h. ABA content reached maximum after 48 h. In the light, proline content remained almost unchanged until 48 h and subsequently increased slightly. ABA content in the light was lower than in darkness, but the maximum was also after 48 h. During 12-h exposure to decreased air humidity, proline content gradually increased, but ABA content increased about 25-fold after 4 h and declined thereafter. Exogenous application of ABA resulted in an increase in proline content in detached rice leaves under both light and darkness.     

Interactions between Red Light, Abscisic Acid, and Calcium in Gravitropism

The effect of red light on orthogravitropism of Merit com (Zea mays L.) roots has been attributed to its effects on the transduction phase of gravitropism (AC Leopold, SH Wettlaufer [1988] Plant Physiol 87:803-805). In an effort to characterize the orthogravitropic transduction system, comparative experiments have been carried out on the effects of red light, calcium, and abscisic acid (ABA). The red light effect can be completely satisfied with added ABA (100 micromolar) or with osmotic shock, which is presumed to increase endogenous ABA. The decay of the red light effect is closely paralleled by the decay of the ABA effect. ABA and exogenous calcium show strong additive effects when applied to either Merit or a line of corn which does not require red light for orthogravitropism. Measurements of the ABA content show marked increases in endogenous ABA in the growing region of the roots after red light. The interpretation is offered that red light or ABA may serve to increase the cytoplasmic concentrations of calcium, and that this may be an integral part of orthogravitropic transduction.     

Interactions of Abscisic Acid, Cytokinin and Gibberellin in the Control of Betacyanin Synthesis in Seedlings of Amaranthus caudatus

In de-rooted seedlings of Amaranthus caudatus L., betacyanin synthesis induced by white light or cytokinin was inhibited by abscisic acid (ABA) or a mixture of gibberellins A₄ and A₇ (GA_4/7). The GA_4/7 and ABA effects were additive. Thus ABA inhibited the cytokinin action but had no effect on the gibberellin response.     

Auxin, Gibberellin, Cytokinin and Abscisic Acid Production in Some Bacteria

Summary In this study, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid), gibberellin, cytokinin (zeatin) and abscisic acid production were investigated in the culture medium of the bacteria Proteus mirabilis, P. vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus megaterium, B. cereus, Escherichia coli. To determine the levels of these plant growth regulators, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used. Our findings show that the bacteria used in this study synthesized the plant growth regulators, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin and abscisic acid.     

The Influence of Abscisic Acid on the Gibberellin Content in Apple Seeds During Stratification

Auto?i sledovali obsah endogenních giberelin? GA₄ a GA₇ v embryích jabloně pěstovaných ve vodě nebo v roztoku abscisové kyseliny (ABA). Embrya pocházela ze semen odpo?ívajících nebo ze semen stratifikovaných ve vodě nebo v roztoku ABA. Bylo zji?těno, ?e ABA vyvolává sní?ení obsahu giberelin?. Závislost mezi vlivem ABA a stadiem stratifikace bylo u GA₄ výrazněj?í ne? u GA₇. Auto?i p?edpokládají, ?e ABA inhibuje biosynthesu giberelin?.     

The Biological and Structural Similarity between Lunularic Acid and Abscisic Acid

Lunularic acid (LA) inhibited not only the germination and the growth of cress and lettuce at 1 mM but also the gibberellic acid (GA₃)-induced α-amylase induction in embryoless barley seeds at 120 μM, which was recognized as a specific activity of abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover LA and ABA equally inhibited the growth of Lunularia cruciata A18 strain callus at 40 and 120 μM. A computational analysis revealed that the stable conformers of LA could be superimposed on the stable ABA conformers. In addition, the antibody raised against the conjugate of C₁-ABA-bovine serum albumin (ABA-BSA) reacted with LA-horse-radish peroxidase (LA-HRP) conjugate as well as ABA-HRP conjugate, apparently. These results can explain why LA has ABA-like activity in higher plants. Moreover the results suggest that LA and ABA bind to the same receptor in higher plants.     

The Role of Gibberellin, Abscisic Acid, and Auxin in the Regulation of Developing Wheat Grains

Three forms of inhibition of germination of developing wheatgrains are described. One, due to the outer pericarp, may notinvolve growth substances. The others occur in the embryo itselfand are due also to the other grain tissues surrounding theembryo. Experiments with applied growth substances suggest thatthese may be regulated by a balance of endogenous gibberellinsand abscisic acid, but the results of extraction experimentsshow limited correlation with germination experiments, and indicatethat auxin may also be inhibitory.