褐藻裙带菜孢子叶粗提物体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型活性研究

从药物对细胞的保护、对HSV-2增殖的影响及对HSV-2感染细胞的综合作用三个方面研究不同稀释度的裙带菜孢子叶粗提物抑制单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型对Vero细胞的感染作用,细胞病变效应法(Cytopathogenic effect,CPE)观察和MTT法测定裙带菜多糖抗HSV-2活性,结果表明裙带菜多糖能明显抑制HSV-2对Vero细胞的致病变作用,使细胞存活率升高,其水提醇沉法所得裙带菜多糖的IC50为6.49μg/mL,并初步推测其抗HSV-2活性是作用在HSV-2和受体结合,侵入Vero细胞阶段,为筛选新型抗病毒药物、研究海藻多糖抗HSV-2活性机理及优化裙带菜孢子叶的提取工艺提供参考依据。     

南海七种海藻多糖的抗病毒活性初步研究

采用体外细胞培养技术,对南海7种海藻多糖体外抗单纯疱疹Ⅰ型病毒(HSV-1)和柯萨奇B组3型病毒(CoxB3)活性进行研究。7种海藻多糖均表现出良好的抗病毒活性。其中,孔石莼多糖、蜈蚣藻多糖可明显抑制HSV-1,细胞病变半数抑制浓度(IC50)均为3.90μg/mL,选择指数(SI)分别达363和296.4。孔石莼多糖、小石花菜多糖可明显抑制CoxB3,IC50分别为1.95μg/mL和7.81μg/mL,SI分别为>1 025.6和212。同时理化实验结果表明,多糖样品均为硫酸酯多糖,其硫酸基和岩藻糖的含量与多糖的抗病毒效果密切相关。     

螺旋藻多糖抗单纯疱疹病毒作用的实验研究

在体外进行了钝顶螺旋藻多糖(polysaccharides fromSpirulina platensis,PSP)抗单纯疱疹病毒活性的研究。以不同剂量的PSP分别作用于HSV-1及HSV-2病毒复制周期的各个环节,以病毒半数感染量(TCID50),细胞病变效应(CPE),蚀斑形成单位(PFU),MTT染色细胞保护率(MTT法)作为评价指标,判断PSP的抗病毒效果;FQ-PCR检测PSP抗病毒作用的时效关系。结果表明PSP对Vero细胞毒性极低(TC50为1750μg/mL),对HSV-1及HSV-2均无直接灭活作用,可阻滞HSV-1及HSV-2病毒吸附和抑制感染细胞内病毒的复制,但不影响病毒的释放;FQ-PCR结果显示随着PSP浓度及作用时间的增加,PSP对HSV-1病毒DNA的抑制作用明显增强,具有良好的剂量和时效关系。提示PSP抗HSV-1及HSV-2病毒作用的机制与抑制病毒吸附和感染细胞内病毒的生物合成有关。     

喷昔洛韦体外抗疱疹病毒活性的研究

为评价新合成的喷昔洛韦的细胞毒性和抗疱疹病毒活性,通过观察病毒感染细胞的CPE、病毒滴度、抗病毒指数,从而判定喷昔洛韦的抗疱疹病毒作用.结果发现喷昔洛韦对HEL细胞、Hep-2细胞的半数中毒浓度(TD\-50)分别为105.2μg/mL和85.1μg/mL;对HSV-1、HSV-2、VZV、HSV-1吴株的平均半数抑制浓度(IC\-50)分别为21.78μg/mL、20.15μg/mL、23.19μg/mL和17.87μg/mL,对各毒株的治疗指数分别为5.84、6.31、5.49和7.11.故喷昔洛韦是一种有效体外抗疱疹病毒药物.     

人中性粒细胞多肽HNP1,3体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的作用

体外观察人中性粒细胞多肽1,3(Human neutrophil peptide,HNP1,3)及阿昔洛韦(Acyclovir,ACV)对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(Herpes simplex virus 1,HSV-1)的抑制作用.以Vero细胞为靶细胞,用各种浓度HN1,3与游离病毒颗粒(直接失活组)及感染病毒后的靶细胞(复制抑制组)进行相互作用,镜下观察各药物对HSV-1致细胞病变效应的抑制作用,并采用ELISA法测定感染48h后药物对HSV-1囊膜糖蛋白分泌的抑制作用.MTT法检测各药物对细胞的毒性作用.结果显示直接失活组中,HNP1,3可使HSV-1的致细胞病变效应减轻,对HSV-1直接失活的50%有效浓度(ECs0)为8.1μg/mL、10.03μg/mL;复制抑制组中,ACV使HSV-1的致细胞病变效应减轻,EC5o为0.68μg/mL.MTT检测结果表明HNP1,3在治疗浓度范围内无明显细胞毒性.以上结果表明HNP1,3除具有较强的抗菌作用和抗人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(Human immunodeficiency virus 1,HIV-1)活性外,还能失活HSV-1病毒颗粒,从而逆转病毒及其蛋白的病毒效应(致细胞病变)和抑制病毒蛋白质的合成.     

商陆蛋白质的纯化及其抗单纯疱疹病毒(Ⅱ型)活性的研究

纯化的商陆蛋白质Ⅰ在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中,只显示一条带,与Sigma SDS-6H四种蛋白质标准品迁移率对比,分子量大约为29,000。采用病毒繁殖量抑制测定法(YR测定),观察商陆蛋白质Ⅰ对疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)在Vero细胞中复制的影响,0.15～15μM出现最大抑制率,50％繁殖抑制率为0.32μM。证明商陆蛋白质Ⅰ对HSV-2有明显的抗病毒活性。     

人中性粒细胞多肽HNP1，3体外抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的作用

体外观察人中性粒细胞多肽1,3(Humanneutrophilpeptide,HNP1,3)及阿昔洛韦(Acyclovir,ACV)对单纯疱疹病毒-Ⅰ型(Herpessimplexvirus1,HSV-1)的抑制作用。以Vero细胞为靶细胞,用各种浓度HNP1,3与游离病毒颗粒(直接失活组)及感染病毒后的靶细胞(复制抑制组)进行相互作用,镜下观察各药物对HSV-1致细胞病变效应的抑制作用,并采用ELISA法测定感染48h后药物对HSV-1囊膜糖蛋白分泌的抑制作用。MTT法检测各药物对细胞的毒性作用。结果显示直接失活组中,HNP1,3可使HSV-1的致细胞病变效应减轻,对HSV-1直接失活的50%有效浓度(EC50)为8.1μg/mL、10.03μg/mL;复制抑制组中,ACV使HSV-1的致细胞病变效应减轻,EC50为0.68μg/mL。MTT检测结果表明HNP1,3在治疗浓度范围内无明显细胞毒性。以上结果表明HNP1,3除具有较强的抗菌作用和抗人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus1,HIV-1)活性外,还能失活HSV-1病毒颗粒,从而逆转病毒及其蛋白的病毒效应(致细胞病变)和抑制病毒蛋白质的合成。     

莪术油滴眼液体内外抗菌和抗病毒作用的药效学研究

拟了解莪术油滴眼液(ZTO)体内外抗菌、抗病毒效果。实验结果显示,ZTO完全抑制HSV-1和ADV- 3对细胞CPE的最低浓度均为64μg/mL;ZTO对50株革兰阳性菌MIC_(90)和MBC值分别为128μg/mL和256μg/mL,对100株革兰阴性菌的MIC_(90)和MBC值分别为64～512μg/mL和128～>512μg/mL。2 mg/mL或1 mg/mL的ZTO分别治疗金黄色葡萄球菌感染和HSV-1感染兔眼结膜炎的有效率均可达到100%,与抗菌对照药氯霉素滴眼液和抗病毒对照药阿昔洛韦滴眼液的疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05)。实验数据表明,ZTO体外抗菌和抗病毒作用较弱,但体内抗菌和抗病毒作用较强,具有进一步开发为能同时具有抗菌和抗病毒的治疗眼结膜炎外用新药的良好前景。     

HSV-2LAT ORF1在Vero细胞中的表达特性及其对细胞活性的影响

目的:研究单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)潜伏相关转录体(LAT)开放读码框1(ORF1)的表达特点及其对Vero细胞活性的影响.方法:双酶切和测序验证本实验室构建的HSV-2 LAT ORF1真核表达载体pEGFP-ORF1,并以转染试剂盒Xfect介导其转染至Vero细胞,通过RT-PCR和绿色荧光蛋白检验其在细胞中的表达,用MTT法进行细胞活性分析.结果:重组质粒表达的融合蛋白主要集中细胞核,而空质粒表达的绿色荧光蛋白在细胞核和细胞质中分布均匀;重组质粒对Vero细胞没有损伤作用.结论:HSV-2 LAT ORF1影响了绿色荧光蛋白的分布,可降低空质粒对细胞的损伤作用;其作用位点可能主要定位在细胞核中,为阐明HSV-2 LAT ORF1在潜伏复发中的功能奠定了实验基础.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.