发根农杆菌介导的药用植物遗传转化研究

利用发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)诱导药用植物产生的毛状根具有生长迅速,合成能力强和遗传性稳定等优点,已成为一种新的培养系统。就影响发根农杆菌介导的药用植物遗传转化的因素作一概述。     

发根农杆菌介导的药用植物遗传转化研究进展

发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转人旨近年来发展起来的一项新的植物遗传转化技术。本文就发根农杆菌Ｒ１闰的结构、发根农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化的方法和步骤,以及运用这一技术获得药用植物次生代谢产物的研究进展作一全面介绍。     

发根农杆菌对黄瓜的遗传转化

发根农杆菌对黄瓜的遗传转化施和平李玲潘瑞炽（华南师范大学生物系广州５１０６３１）关键词发根农杆菌,黄瓜,毛状根,冠瘿碱ＧＥＮＥＴＩＣＴＲＡＮＳＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＵＣＵＭＩＳＳＡＴＩＶＵＳＢＹＡＧＲＯＢＡＣＴＥＲＩＵＭＲＨＩＺＯＧＥＮＥＳＳＨＩ...     

发根农杆菌介导的尾巨桉遗传转化体系的建立

发根农杆菌（Agrobacterium rhizogenes）的建立对植物功能基因的验证具有重要意义,为了在桉树（Eucalyptus）中建立发根农杆菌介导的遗传转化体系,本研究以不同的发根农杆菌菌株侵染尾巨桉（Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis）的叶片和茎段,确定合适的农杆菌菌株和外植体类型,在此基础上开展农杆菌浓度、侵染时间对毛状根诱导的影响。结果表明：采用发根农杆菌菌株MSU440,以叶片为外植体进行发根诱导,最高获得了81.0%的毛状根诱导率,毛状根平均根长达到3.23 cm。在发根农杆菌浓度为OD₆₀₀=0.3、侵染时间为30 min时,共培养48 h后经过20 mg·L^-1卡那霉素筛选培养,通过PCR分子鉴定和GUS染色证实外源基因稳定地整合在桉树毛状根基因组中,转化率达20.2%。初步建立了发根农杆菌介导的桉树遗传转化体系,为桉树基因功能鉴定和进一步的转基因育种奠定基础。     

发根农杆菌转化龙胆再生植株的研究

本文利用具Ri质粒的发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)通过叶盘法对药用植物龙胆(Gentiana manshurica Kitagawa)进行了转化实验,发根农杆菌15834感染龙胆,诱发产生毛状根,并得到再生的龙胆植株,冠瘿碱检测实验表明,再生植株显示甘露碱带(mannopine),说明发根农杆菌Ri质粒的T-DNA部分已转移到龙胆植物细胞中。再生的龙胆丛生苗可以在不含激素的简化培养基上快速无限繁殖,转化的龙胆植株明显具有发达的根系,且根部龙胆苦甙含量比对照高,从而为东北龙胆栽培事业的发展以及龙胆有效成份的工业化生产提供了新的途径。     

发根农杆菌转化龙胆再生植株的研究

本文利用具Ri质粒的发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes)通过叶盘法对药用植物龙胆（Genriana manshurics Kitagaua）进行了转化实验,发根农杆菌15834感染龙胆,诱发产生毛状根,并得到 再生的龙胆植株。冠瘦碱检测实验表明,再生植株显示甘露碱(mannopine)带,说明发根农杆菌Ri质 粒的T-DNA部分已整合到龙胆植物细胞中。再生的龙胆丛生苗可以在不含激素的简化培养基上快速 繁殖,转化的龙胆植株具有发达的根系,根部龙胆苦贰含量比对照高,从而为东北龙胆栽培事业的发展 以及龙胆有效成份的工业化生产提供了基础资料。     

宁夏枸杞发根农杆菌转化系的建立及影响转化因素的研究

以发根农杆菌Ａ４菌株介导,对宁夏枸杞叶片和茎切段的遗传转化进行了初步研究,建立了发状根体系,并优化了转化条件。乙酰丁香酮的添加、农杆菌液的浓度、共培养时间、外植体取材部位及时间,均可以影响发状根的诱导频率。采用添加１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的 乙酰丁香酮、振荡培养２４ｈ的Ａ４菌液感染３周龄的叶片切段,并共培养３ｄ,可以得到最佳的转化效果,发状根的诱导率为４８．９％。在同样的转化条件下,只有１３．６％的茎切     

发根农杆菌对短叶红豆杉的转化及毛状根中紫杉醇的产生

发根农杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍｒｈｉｚｏｇｅｎｅｓ）Ａ４（ＡＴＣＣ３１７８９）感染短叶红豆杉（Ｔａｘｕｓｂｒｅｖｉｆｏｌｉａ）芽外植株,３０～３５ｄ后可诱导出毛状根,４０ｄ后转化率可达３０％,毛状根经农杆碱单克隆抗体酶联免疫分析,证明已被转化,毛状根生长速度较快,５株毛状根在无激素的Ｂ５液体培养基中悬浮培养２ｄ生物量平均增加约９倍,是同等条件下短叶红豆杉愈伤组织液体悬浮培养的２．９倍。经紫     

发根农杆菌诱导桑树毛状根体系的建立

应用发根农杆菌ACCC10060,以直接接种和共培养2种方法侵染桑树10 d龄子叶,并将2种处理的外植体分别接种于MS+AS(乙酰丁香酮,100 μmol/L)的平板,暗培养2 d后转接至MS+CS(头孢霉素,200 mg/L)平板培养3周,每3 d转接1次以除去其中所含的发根农杆菌菌体,结果2种侵染方法均成功诱导桑树产生毛状根,诱导效率分别为14%和17%.在无激素MS培养基上离体培养除菌后的毛状根,呈现旺盛的生长态势和典型的发状根结构特点.CTAB法提取毛状根基因组并进行PCR检测,结果扩增出了423 bp的rolB基因片段,表明Ri质粒的T-DNA已经成功整合到桑树的基因组中.     

Genetic Transformation of Cucumis sativus by Agrobacterium rhizogenes

Hairy roots were obtained in vitro 10 days after inoculation of cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L. ) cotyledon explants with the strains of Agrobacterium rhiwgenes R1000 and R1601. The frequency of the cotyledon explants transformed by R1000 and R1601 was up to 87.5% and 88.9%, respectively. All hairy roots induced by the strains of R1000 and R1601 grew rapidly on solid hormone-free MS medium. The roots incited by A. rhizogenes R1000 could be divided into three phenotypes. The roots of phenotype Ⅰ were similar to the normal ones, but had more numerous lateral roots. Roots of phenotype m were much stouter and shorter, they elongated very slowly and were more highly branched than roots of phenotype Ⅰ . Roots of phenotype Ⅱ were of intermediate in appearance. However, the roots incited by A. rhizogenes R1601 appeared similar to phenotype Ⅰ roots incited by A. rhizogenes R1000. Transformation was confirmed by opine detection.     

Transformation of Gynostermma pentaphyllum by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Saponin Production in Hairy Root Cultures

Authors report here the establishment of an efficient transformation system for Gynosternrna pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino using Agrobacteriurn rhizogenes R1600. Hairy roots appeared on leaf explants 10 days after inoculation with the bacteria . Frequency of the explants transformed by R1600 was up to 94%. Transformation was confirmed by Southern analysis. Biomass of hairy root cultures suspended in hormone-free MS medium increased 9 times after 20 days of incubation. There was no callus formation on the hairy roots during suspension culture. Saponin content in the hairy root cultures was about 2 times as much as in the natural roots, saponins of the hairy root cultures were also released into growth medium as well.     

发根农杆菌Ri质粒及其在植物科学中的应用

阐述了发根农杆菌的性质及Ri质粒的结构和功能,介绍了毛状根的诱导及其鉴定方法,并对Ri质粒在植物基因工程、植物次生代谢产物生产、植物品种改良和植物栽培等方面的应用进行了综述。     

用农杆菌Ri诱导蒙古黄芪发根培养的研究

用蒙古黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus Bunge var mongolicus (Bunge) Hsiao) 无菌籽苗的不同部位作为外植体, 用发根农杆菌(Agrobacterium rhizogenes) R1601进行感染, 该品系对不同外植体诱导毛状根的能力是不同的。由下胚轴成功的诱导出毛状根。在附加100μmol/L乙酰丁香酮(acetosyringone)、0 3 mg/L IBA的条件下, 诱导率达42 2%。用硅胶薄层层析法检测到毛状根中含有冠瘿碱, 用硅胶薄层扫描法(TLCS) 测定了蒙古黄芪野生根、栽培根及毛状根中的黄芪甲甙( astragaloside IV) 含量, (用黄芪甲甙标准品作对照), 它们分别为0 2654% (DW), 0 2071% (DW) 和0 2535% (DW)。     

Stable transformation of Lithospermum erythrorhizon by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and shikonin production of the transformants

Seedling hypocotyls of Lithospermum erythrorhizon were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes (strain 15834) harboring a binary vector with an intron-bearing the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene driven by cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter as well as the hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene as the selection marker. About 20% of the hairy roots isolated were hygromycin resistant and had co-integrated GUS and HPT genes in their Lithospermum genomic DNA. Because GUS activity was detected in almost all the hygromycin-resistant root tissues, the CaMV 35S promoter seems to be ubiquitously active in L. erythrorhizon hairy roots. In pigment production medium M9, the hairy root cultures had shikonin productivity similar to that of cell suspension cultures of Lithospermum. They also showed light-dependent inhibition of shikonin biosynthesis similar to that of Lithospermum cell cultures. These findings suggest that this hairy root system transformable with A. rhizogenes is a suitable model system for molecular characterization of shikonin biosynthesis via reverse genetics. Received: 2 March 1998 / Revision received: 25 May 1998 / Accepted: 8 July 1998     

农杆菌转化的小冠花发状根的诱导及其植株再生

利用野生型发根农杆菌15834菌株感染小冠花15日龄无菌苗子叶和下胚轴切段,建立了高效的发状根培养及其体细胞胚胎发生再生体系。发状根可直接从受伤的外植体表面产生,也能在外植体诱导的愈伤组织上发生,在无外源激素的MS固体和液体培养基上,转化根能自主生长,表现出典型的发根特征。用适宜浓度的乙酰丁香酮处理对数生长期的农杆菌菌液2h,感染预培养2d的子叶获得了最高的转化频率(87.4%)。在附加0.2mgL2,4_D,0.5mgLNAA和0.5mgLKT的MS培养基上,发状根能100%形成胚性愈伤组织,并于含0.5mgLKT,0.2mgLIBA和300mgL脯氨酸的MS培养基上顺序经过体细胞胚胎发育的各个典型时期,转换成完整植株。再生植株除具有发达的侧根外,其它形态特征与未转化植株未见明显的差异,但在获得的5个转化克隆中,其中1个的发状根及其再生植株叶片中有毒物质3_硝基丙酸的含量显著下降,分别为未转化对照的57.68%和58.17%。冠瘿碱纸电泳检测和rolB基因PCR扩增检测均证明农杆菌Ri质粒上的T_DNA已经整合到小冠花转化细胞的基因组中。     

不同理化因子对发根农杆菌Ri质粒转化骆驼刺的影响

骆驼刺苗茎切段有很强的离体培养再生能力,用野生型发根农杆菌Ａ,菌株转化骆驼刺度轩茎段,并建立了发根转化体的培养体系。高压纸电泳显示转化组织可合成冠瘿。试验不同试验经条件及理化因子对提高转化率和加快发根生长的影响。结果表明,经过３天预培养及０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘露醇１２ｈ高渗处理后培养于ＭＳ培养基中可有效提高转化率。而２％～３％蔗糖,３ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＧＡ３,１０μｍｏｌ／ＬＣｕ＾２＋,１０ｍｇ／ＬＡｇ＾＋,     

发根土壤杆菌对葛属药用植物的遗传转化

葛根是传统中药。利用发根土壤杆菌（Ａｇｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｒｈｉｚｏｇｅｎｅｓ （Ｒｉｋｅｒ ｅｔ ａｌ．）Ｃｏｎｎ）Ｒ１６０１转化野葛（Ｐｕｅｒａｒｉａ ｌｏｂａｔａ（Ｗｉｌｌｄ．）Ｏｈｗｉ）、山葛（Ｐ．ｌｏｂａｔａ ｖａｒ．ｍｏｎｔａｎａ）和三裂叶野葛（Ｐ．ｐｈａｓｅｏｌｏｉｄｅｓ（Ｒｏｘｂ．）Ｂｅｎｔｈ．）离体叶片,在叶片表面直接形成毛状根。毛状根的诱导频率分别为１６．６％、１６．２％和