鸭源致病性大肠杆菌Ⅰ型菌毛pilA基因的原核表达及重组蛋白对强毒攻击的免疫保护作用

根据GenBank中人源大肠杆菌pilA基因序列,用OLIGO6.0设计PCR引物,从鸭源致病性大肠杆菌GH1.2中扩增到pilA基因并将其克隆至pMD18-T载体,经PCR、酶切和DNA测序鉴定后,将鸭源致病性大肠杆菌pilA基因正向插入原核表达载体pET-32a( )的BamHⅠ和HindⅢ位点间,成功构建了重组表达质粒pET-32a-pilA。重组表达质粒pET-32a-pilA转化表达宿主菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导,表达出了大小约为36kD的pilA重组蛋白。表达产物用镍柱亲和层析纯化,与等量弗氏佐剂混合制备pilA重组蛋白疫苗,分别在1日龄、8日龄时两次对雏鸭进行免疫,二免后2周测定鸭血清中的ELISA抗体效价,并以109PFU同源菌株GH1.2攻毒,根据攻毒后鸭的死亡率、E.coli分离率和各组织器官的病变等级来判定pilA重组蛋白的免疫保护效果。结果pilA重组蛋白免疫鸭的血清中ELISA抗体效价为1∶12800,全菌灭活苗免疫组的血清ELISA抗体效价为1∶200;同源菌株攻毒后,pilA重组蛋白免疫保护组鸭的死亡率、E.coli分离率和各组织器官的病变程度均比攻毒对照组下降且差异显著或极显著,与全菌灭活苗免组比较差异不显著。表明pilA重组蛋白对同源菌株GH1.2的感染具有一定的保护效果。     

牛源金黄色葡萄球菌粘附因子Efb与ClfA的免疫生物学特性比较

为评价与比较金黄色葡萄球菌的粘附因子Efb(Extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein)和Clf A(Clumping factor A)的抗原性、粘附特性及其抗血清对金黄色葡萄球菌菌体的识别能力、抗粘附能力及免疫保护力等免疫生物学特性,分别构建Efb和Clf A的重组表达载体,并用纯化的重组蛋白免疫实验动物,分别检测家兔抗血清对菌体的识别能力、抗粘附能力以及小鼠抗血清的抗体效价和免疫保护作用。结果显示,Efb和Clf A均有与纤维蛋白原(Fibrinogen,Fg)结合的能力,且Efb蛋白对纤连蛋白(Fibronectin,Fn)的结合能力优于Clf A(P0.01),Clf A免疫组抗血清对全细菌的识别能力优于Efb免疫组(P0.01)。与对照组相比Efb和Clf A免疫组的抗血清均能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌对Fg和Fn的粘附(P0.01),Efb免疫组对金黄色葡萄球菌的粘附抑制优于Clf A,两种粘附因子免疫小鼠后产生的血清抗体效价与对照组比较有显著的升高,抗体滴度可达1∶40 500,攻毒结果显示Efb与Clf A免疫组均对小鼠具有良好的保护效果。该研究结果对Efb在金黄色葡萄球菌的亚单位疫苗的应用奠定了基础。     

金黄色葡萄球菌重组GapC蛋白的GAPDH活性及免疫原性分析

为研究金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)表面GapC蛋白的GAPDH活性、免疫原性及免疫保护作用, 应用PCR方法扩增出S. aureus的gapC基因, 插入到pQE-30载体相应位点, 构建重组质粒pQE/gapC。将其导入宿主菌E.coli M15(pREP4)后, IPTG诱导表达。重组蛋白纯化后进行GAPDH活性检测, 并与灭活全菌体分别免疫健康家兔。然后, 应用ELISA方法检测血清中IgG抗体水平及IFN-g、IL-4细胞因子浓度, 并用1.0×108CFU/mL S. aureus菌株Wood46对免疫家兔攻毒。SDS-PAGE结果显示, GapC蛋白在E. coli M15(pREP4)中获得表达; 经GAPDH活性检测及Western Blot检测, 重组蛋白具有较高的GAPDH活性和抗原特异性; 经ELISA检测, GapC蛋白及全菌体组兔血清中IgG抗体水平迅速升高, 并在加强免疫后第28天达到最高(1:64 000), 加强免疫后第14 d, 血清中细胞因子IFN-g和IL-4浓度与对照组相比, 显著升高(P<0.05), 而全菌体免疫组升高不明显(P>0.05); 攻毒结果为蛋白免疫组家兔获得一定的免疫保护(4/5)。以上结果表明, 表达的重组GapC蛋白具有GAPDH活性、较好的免疫原性及免疫保护力, 可作为深入研究S. aureus基因工程疫苗的良好靶向。     

金黄色葡萄球菌重组GapC蛋白的GAPDH活性及免疫原性分析

为研究金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)表面GapC蛋白的GAPDH活性、免疫原性及免疫保护作用, 应用PCR方法扩增出S. aureus的gapC基因, 插入到pQE-30载体相应位点, 构建重组质粒pQE/gapC。将其导入宿主菌E.coli M15(pREP4)后, IPTG诱导表达。重组蛋白纯化后进行GAPDH活性检测, 并与灭活全菌体分别免疫健康家兔。然后, 应用ELISA方法检测血清中IgG抗体水平及IFN-g、IL-4细胞因子浓度, 并用1.0×108CFU/mL S. aureus菌株Wood46对免疫家兔攻毒。SDS-PAGE结果显示, GapC蛋白在E. coli M15(pREP4)中获得表达; 经GAPDH活性检测及Western Blot检测, 重组蛋白具有较高的GAPDH活性和抗原特异性; 经ELISA检测, GapC蛋白及全菌体组兔血清中IgG抗体水平迅速升高, 并在加强免疫后第28天达到最高(1:64 000), 加强免疫后第14 d, 血清中细胞因子IFN-g和IL-4浓度与对照组相比, 显著升高(P<0.05), 而全菌体免疫组升高不明显(P>0.05); 攻毒结果为蛋白免疫组家兔获得一定的免疫保护(4/5)。以上结果表明, 表达的重组GapC蛋白具有GAPDH活性、较好的免疫原性及免疫保护力, 可作为深入研究S. aureus基因工程疫苗的良好靶向。     

鸭源致病性大肠杆菌Ⅰ型菌毛pilA基因的原核表达及重组蛋白对强毒攻击的免疫保护作用

根据GenBank中人源大肠杆菌pilA基因序列,用OLIGO6.0设计PCR引物,从鸭源致病性大肠杆菌GH1.2中扩增到pilA基因并将其克隆至pMD18-T载体,经PCR、酶切和DNA测序鉴定后,将鸭源致病性大肠杆菌pilA基因正向插入原核表达载体pET-32a（+）的BamHⅠ和HindⅢ位点间,成功构建了重组表达质粒pET-32a-pilA。重组表达质粒pET-32a-pilA转化表达宿主菌BL21（DE3）,用IPTG诱导,表达出了大小约为36kD的pilA重组蛋白。表达产物用镍柱亲和层析纯化,与等量弗氏佐剂混合制备pilA重组蛋白疫苗,分别在1日龄、8日龄时两次对雏鸭进行免疫,二免后2周测定鸭血清中的ELISA抗体效价,并以10⁹PFU同源菌株GH1.2攻毒,根据攻毒后鸭的死亡率、E.coli分离率和各组织器官的病变等级来判定pilA重组蛋白的免疫保护效果。结果pilA重组蛋白免疫鸭的血清中ELISA抗体效价为1∶12800,全菌灭活苗免疫组的血清ELISA抗体效价为1∶200;同源菌株攻毒后,pilA重组蛋白免疫保护组鸭的死亡率、E.coli分离率和各组织器官的病变程度均比攻毒对照组下降且差异显著或极显著,与全菌灭活苗免组比较差异不显著。表明pilA重组蛋白对同源菌株GH1.2的感染具有一定的保护效果     

鸭源致病性大肠杆菌Ⅰ型菌毛pilA基因的原核表达及重组蛋白对强毒攻击的免疫保护作用

根据GenBank中人源大肠杆菌pilA基因序列,用OLIGO6.0设计PCR引物,从鸭源致病性大肠杆菌GH1.2中扩增到pilA基因并将其克隆至pMD18-T载体,经PCR、酶切和DNA测序鉴定后,将鸭源致病性大肠杆菌pilA基因正向插入原核表达载体pET-32a（+）的BamHⅠ和HindⅢ位点间,成功构建了重组表达质粒pET-32a-pilA。重组表达质粒pET-32a-pilA转化表达宿主菌BL21（DE3）,用IPTG诱导,表达出了大小约为36kD的pilA重组蛋白。表达产物用镍柱亲和层析纯化,与等量弗氏佐剂混合制备pilA重组蛋白疫苗,分别在1日龄、8日龄时两次对雏鸭进行免疫,二免后2周测定鸭血清中的ELISA抗体效价,并以10⁹PFU同源菌株GH1.2攻毒,根据攻毒后鸭的死亡率、E.coli分离率和各组织器官的病变等级来判定pilA重组蛋白的免疫保护效果。结果pilA重组蛋白免疫鸭的血清中ELISA抗体效价为1∶12800,全菌灭活苗免疫组的血清ELISA抗体效价为1∶200;同源菌株攻毒后,pilA重组蛋白免疫保护组鸭的死亡率、E.coli分离率和各组织器官的病变程度均比攻毒对照组下降且差异显著或极显著,与全菌灭活苗免组比较差异不显著。表明pilA重组蛋白对同源菌株GH1.2的感染具有一定的保护效果     

HCV多表位抗原基因重组减毒口服活菌苗的研究

把丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)复合多表位抗原基因PCX与β半乳糖苷酶基因(GZ)融合后,构建重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌口服活菌苗SL3261(pWR/PCX),免疫小鼠及家兔后,于第6周始可检测到低水平的抗GZPCX IgG(1∶200),至3月时最高滴度分别达1∶800及1∶25 600,均显著高于宿主菌SL3261组及空白对照组。在免疫小鼠的肠道灌洗液中可检测到抗GZPCX sIgA\.GZPCX抗原可促进免疫小鼠及家兔淋巴细胞增殖,诱发明显的迟发性超敏反应(DTH)。口服免疫后小鼠体重出现一过性下降,但未见其它明显的毒性作用,安全性较好。本研究从新的角度探讨了HCV复合多表位重组口服活菌苗的可行性,为HCV疫苗的研究提供新的实验依据。     

表达空肠弯曲菌CfrA蛋白重组乳酸乳球菌的构建及其免疫效果北大核心CSCD

【目的】本试验将空肠弯曲菌肠菌素受体蛋白CfrA编码基因导入食品级乳酸乳球菌表达系统,然后将重组乳酸乳球菌口服免疫鸡,降低空肠弯曲菌在鸡肠道中的定殖。【方法】利用PCR分别扩增空肠弯曲菌cfrA全基因及其N端片段,插入食品级表达载体pNZ8149多克隆位点并转化乳酸乳球菌NZ3900,通过Western blot鉴定重组菌株CfrA蛋白表达情况,同时通过筛选nisin浓度、温度、时间等诱导条件优化重组蛋白表达水平;进而将重组乳酸乳球菌经口服免疫SPF鸡,免疫后分别测定乳酸乳球菌自鸡体内的排出情况、以及诱导CfrA血清抗体和粘膜抗体水平,最后将空肠弯曲菌口服攻毒免疫后的鸡,通过测定鸡泄殖腔棉拭子中空肠弯曲菌的数目来判定口服免疫效果。【结果】Western blot检测显示CfrA全基因及其N端片段均可在重组乳酸乳球菌胞内可溶性表达,不分泌,筛选的最佳诱导表达条件为nisin浓度25 ng/mL、温度37°C、时间1 h。口服乳酸乳球菌10 d内自鸡体完全排空;鸡口服免疫后可产生CfrA蛋白特异性的血清IgG和肠粘膜sIgA抗体;重组乳酸乳球菌口服免疫后空肠弯曲菌在鸡体内的增殖速度显著低于对照组。【结论】成功构建了重组CfrA蛋白的食品级乳酸乳球菌诱导表达系统;表达CfrA蛋白的重组乳酸乳球菌口服免疫鸡对空肠弯曲菌在鸡肠道的定殖具有一定的抑制作用,为研制重组乳酸菌口服家禽免疫制剂防治空肠弯曲菌奠定了基础。     

金黄色葡萄球菌凝集因子A的免疫原性

为研究金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)凝集因子A(ClfA)免疫原性及免疫保护作用,应用PCR方法扩增出金黄色葡萄球菌Newman、Wood46和HLJ23-1株的clfa基因并进行序列分析,再将Newman株的clfa基因插入到pQE-30载体上,导入宿主菌Escherichia coli M15(pREP4)并诱导表达和纯化ClfA重组蛋白。用纯化的ClfA免疫小鼠,检测血清中抗体和细胞因子水平,首次免疫后35 d时用金黄色葡萄球菌Wood46、HLJ23-1、Newman株对小鼠攻毒。结果发现:clfa基因序列高度保守;ClfA重组蛋白在E.coli M15中获得表达;在首次免疫后35 d时血清抗体效价和细胞因子浓度与对照组相比,均显著升高(P<0.05);攻毒结果为蛋白免疫组小鼠获得一定的免疫保护。由此表明,ClfA重组蛋白有较好的免疫原性和免疫保护力。     

Horizontal transmissible protection against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease by using a recombinant myxoma virus

We have developed a new strategy for immunization of wild rabbit populations against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) that uses recombinant viruses based on a naturally attenuated field strain of myxoma virus (MV). The recombinant viruses expressed the RHDV major capsid protein (VP60) including a linear epitope tag from the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nucleoprotein. Following inoculation, the recombinant viruses induced specific antibody responses against MV, RHDV, and the TGEV tag. Immunization of wild rabbits by the subcutaneous and oral routes conferred protection against virulent RHDV and MV challenges. The recombinant viruses showed a limited horizontal transmission capacity, either by direct contact or in a flea-mediated process, promoting immunization of contact uninoculated animals.     

Immune response to Escherichia coli antigens entrapped in liposomes. I. Immunopathological studies

In this study, we have searched for an effective mucosal delivery system for a purified E. coli antigen which elicits anticolonization and anti-toxic immunity. E. coli colonization factor antigen (CFA/I) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) were encapsulated in liposomes. To determine the efficacies of soluble and liposome-encapsulated E. coli antigens young rabbits were mucosally treated with three oral doses of E. coli antigens given 7 days apart. Ten days after the last booster, rabbits were orally challenged with 5 x 10(9) bacterial cells (O78:H11 serotype). The experimental results allow of making some remarks which can be correlated with the protection obtained in vaccinated animals: (a) immunization with E. coli antigens entrapped in liposomes ensured protection against ETEC strains; (b) lower protection against homologous and heterologous CFA/I +(LT- ST+) strains were noticed; (c) adhesion of labelled -3H-leucine-bacteria to the intestinal mucosa revealed a maximum distribution in duodenum-jejunum and minimum in the colonic mucosa; (d) it contributed to the release of inoculated virulent bacteria from intestinal tract; (e) humoral, cellular and histopathological findings confirm the afore mentioned observation. Summing up, these results suggest that liposomes are very good carriers for E. coli antigens and these findings highlight the potential use of LT and CFA/I antigens entrapped in liposomes as mucosal and humoral induction of immune response and make them a candidate for future use in prophylaxis of diarrhoea in man.     

肠毒素大肠杆菌定居因子CFA/Ⅰ和CS6在减毒福氏志贺氏菌中的共表达

定居因子CFA/I和CS6是肠毒素大肠杆菌 (ETEC)中重要的两种优势抗原 ,是ETEC疫苗研制的首选组分。采用基因重组技术将二者构建在以asd基因为选择标记的重组质粒上 ,与asd基因缺失突变型减毒福氏志贺氏菌FWL0 1构成宿主 载体平衡致死系统。实验结果表明 ,重组疫苗候选株能够稳定表达CFA/I和CS6抗原 ,并可在菌体表面形成相应菌毛。重组菌口服免疫BALB/c小鼠后 ,可诱生相应的抗CFA/I和CS6的特异性血清抗体IgG和分泌型抗体sIgA ,说明以志贺氏菌为载体 ,可以构建同时表达多个定居因子抗原的ETEC多价菌苗     

The efficacy and immunogenicity of a live transconjugant hybrid strain of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shigella dysenteriae</Emphasis> type 1 in two animal models

In our earlier studies, we constructed a hybrid strain of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 by introducing a plasmid vector pPR 1347. After introduction of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis gene, virulent Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain became avirulent. In our present study, we have evaluated the immune response and protective efficacy of avirulent live transconjugant Shigella hybrid (LTSH) strain against wild type Shigella dysenteriae type 1, after four doses of oral (rabbit) and intranasal (mouse) immunizations. Serum IgG titers showed exponential increase during immunization and peaking on the 28th day and remained at that level till the 35th day in both the rabbit and the mouse models. When tested, serum IgG titers persisted for 63 days in mice and relatively high for 150 days in case of rabbits. Protection studies showed 100% protection against the challenge with wild type Shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain in rabbits and 80% protection in mice. Our results suggested that the LTSH strain could be a useful vaccine candidate strain in the future.     

Immunization with viruslike particles induces long-term protection of rabbits against challenge with cottontail rabbit papillomavirus.

Rabbits were immunized with recombinant baculovirus-produced virus-like particles (VLPs) of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) to determine whether these antigens could induce long-term protection against experimental challenge with CRPV. Infectious CRPV and human papillomavirus type 11 L1 VLPs were used as positive and negative control immunogens, respectively. Three groups of immunized animals were challenged with 10-fold serial dilutions of infectious CRPV at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after immunizations. Antibody titers in serum reached 1:10,000 immediately after the final booster immunization and then decayed to 1:150 at 6 months and 1:100 at 12 months in unchallenged rabbits. Serum neutralization titers followed similar kinetics. Papillomas grew on control-immunized rabbits at sites challenged with 10(-1) (100% of sites), 10(-2) (96% of sites), 10(-3) (63% of sites), and 10(-4) (13% of sites) dilutions of virus. At 2 weeks after CRPV L1 VLP immunizations, the rabbits were completely protected against virus challenge. At both 6 and 12 months after CRPV L1 VLP immunizations, strong protection was also observed. In the last two groups, three of seven rabbits were completely protected and only 4 of 14 or 29% of sites challenged with 10(-1 dilution of virus grew papillomas. Papillomas growing at these four sites were also reduced in size (3.5 +/- 0.7 mm) at 50 days postchallenge compared with sites challenged with 10(-1) dilution on control-immunized rabbits (13.2 +/- 4.2 mm). The results demonstrate that strong and long-lasting protection against experimental challenge with papillomaviruses can be achieved with VLP immunogens.     

Thermal Stability of an Oral Killed-Cholera-Whole-Cell Vaccine Containing Recombinant B-Subunit of Cholera Toxin

An oral killed cholera vaccine containing 1×10¹¹ cells of Vibrio cholerae O1 (heat- or formalin-killed) representing the Ogawa and Inaba biotypes and containing 1 mg of B-subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) produced by recombinant DNA technology (the WC/rCTB vaccine) was subjected to temperatures of 4 C, 30 C or 42 C for up to 6 months time. Lipopolysaccharide antigen (LPS) and CTB content of the vaccine samples determined at various times remained unchanged during the study except for the CTB component which decreased by about 50% after 6 months of storage at 42 C. Immunogenicity determined by immunization of rabbits with the vaccine in Freund's complete adjuvant and measuring anti-LPS and anti-CTB antibody titers in the serum by an ELISA was also found to be unaltered. Lyophilization of the vaccine and storage at room temperature for 7 days also did not have any adverse effect on antigen content or immunogenicity as tested above. There was up to one log reduction in serum antibody titers after immunization without using any adjuvant or using Freund's incomplete adjuvant, and up to two logs following oral immunization. Immunization by oral feeding of the vaccine followed by RITARD challenge with a virulent V. cholerae O1 strain showed evidence of protection against severe or lethal diarrhea. The results suggest that the vaccine retains its antigen content and ability to induce antibodies unchanged when maintained at elevated temperatures for relatively long periods of time.     

Vaginal protection and immunity after oral immunization of mice with a novel vaccine strain of Listeria monocytogenes expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag

Natural transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) occurs at mucosal surfaces. During acute infection, intestinal and other mucosae are preferential sites of virus replication and rapidly become depleted of CD4(+) T cells. Therefore, mucosal immunity may be critical to control both initial infection and the massive early spread of virus. An attenuated D-alanine-requiring strain of the oral intracellular microorganism Listeria monocytogenes expressing HIV type 1 gag was shown to induce protective cell-mediated immunity in mice against viruses that express HIV gag when immunization occurs in the presence of a transient supply of D-alanine. In this study, we examined the efficacy of new attenuated strains that are able to synthesize d-alanine from a heterologous dal gene tightly regulated by an actA-promoted resolvase recombination system. In the absence of d-alanine, Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were induced systemically after intravenous immunization, and one strain, Lmdd-gag/pARS, induced strong dose-dependent Gag-specific CTLs after oral immunization. A significant level of Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells was induced in the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs). Upon intravaginal challenge of these orally immunized mice with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing HIV gag, gamma interferon- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-secreting Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells were dramatically increased in the spleen and MALTs. Oral immunization with Lmdd-gag/pARS led to complete protection against vaginal challenge by a homologous clade B gag-expressing rVV. In addition, strong cross-clade protection was seen against clades A and C and partial protection against clade G gag-expressing rVV. These results suggest that Lmdd-gag/pARS may be considered as a novel vaccine candidate for use against HIV/AIDS.     

Evaluation of the Lon-deficient Salmonella strain as an oral vaccine candidate

We evaluated the efficacy of CS2022 (the Lon protease-deficient mutant strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium) as a candidate live oral vaccine strain against subsequent oral challenge with a virulent strain administered to BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. CS2022 persistently resided in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and cecum of both strains of mice after a single oral inoculation with 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units. Finally, CS2022 almost disappeared from each tissue sample by week 12 in BALB/c mice, whereas CS2022 still resided in each tissue type at week 12 after inoculation of C57BL/6 mice. A significant increase in the serovar Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), as measured for one of the mucosal immune responses, was detected in bile and intestinal samples of both strains of immunized mice at week 4 after immunization. In addition, the expression of gamma interferon mRNA in the spleens of both strains of immunized mice, especially those of C57BL/6 mice, was significantly increased at week 4 after immunization and was boosted during the following 5 days after the challenge was administered to the mice. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages isolated from immunized mice at week 4 after immunization exhibited an increase in intracellular killing activity against both virulent and avirulent Salmonella. The present results suggested that salmonellae-specific s-IgA on the mucosal surfaces induced by immunization with CS2022 generally prevented mice from succumbing to an oral challenge with a virulent strain. Simultaneously, CS2022 promoted the protective immunity associated with macrophages in both strains of mice.