BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The Physiology of Cerebral Energy Metabolism. Brain Energy Metabolism by Bo K. S iesjö .
Intercellular Junctions and Synapses Receptors and Recognition, Series B, Vol. 2. (Editors J. F eldman , N. B. G ilula & J. D. P itts     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Energy Transformation in Biological Systems. Ciba Foundation Symposium 29.
Functional Linkage in Biomolecular Systems. Edited by F. O. S chmitt , D. M. S chneider and D. M. C rotters .     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
World of Wildlife: Africa. Hunters and Hunted of the Savannah . By Dr. Felix Rodriguez de la Fuente
Biology of the Kaminuriak Population of Barren-ground Caribou , Part 3 Taiga Winter Range Relationships and Diet . By Donald R. Miller.
Growth, Reproduction and Energy Reserves . By T. C. Dauphiné, Jr.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Die Biochemie der tierischen Gifte (Einzeldarstellungen aus dem Gesamtgebiet der Biochemie. Neue Folge Band II.) by E rich K aiser and H eribert M ichl.
Introduction to General Embryology. By A. M. D alcq. Translated by Jean Medawar
The Species Problem. Edited by E. M ayr.
Atomic Energy and Agriculture. Edited by C. L. C omar.     

REVIEW

Book Reviewed in this article:
Energy Transformations in Biological Systems. Ed. by G. E. W. Wolstenholme and D. W. Fitzsimons.
Bioenergetik bei Pflanzen. By W. Wiessner.
Textbook of Pollen Analysis. By K. Faegri and J. Iversen
Textbook of Pollen Analysis . By K. Faegri and J. Iversen. Third revised edition by K. Faegri.
Ozone chemistry and technology . A Review of the Literature 1961–1974. Edited by Joanne S. Murphy and Janet R. Orr.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Botanical Histochemistry: Principles and Practice . By W illiam A. J ensen .
The Biology of Cilia and Flagella . By M. A. S leigh .
Dünnschicht-Chromatographie . Edited by E gon S tahl .
Plant Embryology. A Symposium .
The Morphology of Pteridophytes . By K. R. S porne .
Introductory Mycology . By C. J. A lexopoulos .
Residue Reviews , Vol. 1. Edited by F. A. G unther .
Energy Exchange in the Biosphere . By D avid M. G ates .
Pathology of Trees and Shrubs with Special Reference to Britain . By T. R. P eace .
Modern Methods of Plant Analysis . Vol. V. Edited by H. F. L inskens and M. V. T racey .
The Growth of Plants . By G. E. F ogg .
An Introduction to Plant Physiology . By W. O. J ames .
Die Physiologische Uhr. Zeitmessung in Organismen mit ungefähr Tagesperiodischen Schwingungen . By E. B ünning .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Sachs, L. (1970) . Statistische Methoden, Ein Soforthelfer .
Dansereau, Pierre (Ed.) (1970) . Challenge for Survival: Land, Air and Water for Man in Megalopolis. 9½× 6 in .
Electrical Energy Needs and Environmental Problems, Now and in the Future.
Edmondson, W. T. and Winberg, G. G. (Eds) (1971) . A Manual on Methods for the Assessment of Secondary Productivity in Fresh Waters .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The Rabbit . By HARRY V. THOMPSON and ALASTAIR N. WORDEN.
The Distribution and Abundance of Animals . By H. F. ANDREWARTHA and L. C. BIRCH.
Biology of the Laboratory Mouse . Edited by GEORGE D. SNELL.
Features of Evolution in the Flowering Plants . By RONALD GOOD.
Tobacco Diseases with Special Reference to Africa . By J. C. F. HOPKINS.
Bibliographie der Pflanzenschutz-Literatur 1950. Edited by J. BÄRNER.
Principles of Fungicidal Action . By JAMES G. HORSFALL.
Progress in Nuclear Energy . Series VI. Biological Sciences . Vol. 1. Edited by J. C. BUGHER, J. COURSAGET and J. F. LOUTIT.
Bacterial Diseases of Plants . By C. STAPP.
The Biology of the Heteroptera . By N. C. E. MILLER.
Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth . Edited by W. L. THOMAS.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Economic Nematology. Edited by J.M.W ebster .
Methods of Study in Quantitative Soil Ecology: Population, Production and Energy Flow. IBP Handbook No. 18. Edited by J. P hillipson .
Selective Toxicity. 5th ed. by A drien A lbert .
A Guide to Science Information Systems in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Yugoslavia. By D. H. K raus , P. Z unde and V. S lamecka
An Introduction to Statistical Science in Agriculture (4th edition). By D. J. F inney
Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy. Biological Applications. Volume 2. Edited by M. A. H ayat .
Maize Rough Dwarf. A planthopper virus disease affecting maize, rice, small grains and grasses. By I saac H arpaz .
Proceedings of the Fifth Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virologists. Edited by W. C. P rice .     

Book Reviews

Abstract: Book reviewed in this article:
Nutrition and the Brain , Vol. 8 by R. J. Wurtman and J. J. Wurtman.
Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by D. M. Glick.
Antiepileptic Drugs (Third Edition) edited by R. H. Levy, F. E. Dreifuss, R. H. Mattson, B. S. Meldrum, and J. K. Penry.
Developmental Neurobiology (Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series, Vol. 12) edited by P. Evrard and A. Minkowski.
Allosteric Modulation of Amino Acid Receptors: Therapeutic Implications (Fidia Research Foundation Symposium Series, Vol. 1) by E. A. Barnard and E. Costa.
Neurochemical Pharmacology—A Tribute to B. B. Brodie (Fidia Research Foundation Symposium Series, Vol. 2) edited by E. Costa.
Neuromethods Vol. 11: Carbohydrate and Energy Metabolism edited by A. A. Boulton, G. B. Baker, and R. F. Butterworth.
Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors edited by M. Williams.
Laughing Death: The Untold Story of Kuru by V. Zigas.
Psychoactive Drugs: Tolerance and Sensitization edited by A. J. Goudie and M. W. Emmett-Oglesby.
The NMDA Receptor edited by J. C. Watkins and G. L. Collingridge.
Basic and Clinical Aspects of Neuroscience (Vol. 3): The Role of Brain Dopamine edited by E. Flückiger, E. E. Müller, and M. O. Thorner.
Glycine Neurotransmission edited by O. P. Otterson and J. Storm-Mathisen.
The Neuropeptide Cholecystokinin (CCK): Anatomy and Biochemistry, Receptors, Pharmacology and Physiology edited by J. Hughes, G. Dockray, and G. Woodruff.     

Book Reviews

Book Review in this Article.
Cerebral Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Encephalopathy D. W. McCandless.
Microcomputers in the Neurosciences edited by G. Kerkut.
Myelin edited by P. Morell.
The Enzymes of Biological Membranes, Vol. 1. Membrane Structure and Dynamics (2nd edition) edited by A. N. Martonosi.     

Book reviews

Serruya, C. (Ed.) (1978) Lake Kinneret .
Reay, P.J. (1979) Aquaculture .
Neff, J.M. (1979) Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Aquatic Environment. Sources, Fates and Biological Effects .
Thorp J.H. and Gibbons J.W. (Eds) (1978) Energy and Environmental Stress in Aquatic Systems .
Mordukhai-Boltovskoi, Ph.D. (1979) The River Volga and its Life .
Welcomme, R.L. (1979) Fisheries Ecology of Floodplain Rivers .
Heller, H. (Ed.) (1978) Verhandlungen, Gesellschaft für Ökologie, Kiel 1977 .
Elliott J.M. & Mann K.H. (1979) A key to the British freshwater leeches with notes on their life cycles and ecology .
Merritt R.W. & Cummins K.W. (Eds) (1978) An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America .     

Annual variation in fat storage by a migrant warbler overwintering in the Indian tropics

1. We studied fat storage in a population of greenish leaf warblers ( Phylloscopus trochiloides ) in southern India over four winters (1993–97). This species breeds in temperate regions and overwinters in India from October to April.
2. Diurnal variation in fat scores was comparable to that seen among temperate wintering passerines. Seasonal variation was slight, except for premigratory fattening. There was significant annual variation: in drier winters, which were also winters of low food supplies, fat scores were higher.
3. Energy metabolized overnight is unlikely to vary across winters, and annual variation in fat scores is considered a response to uncertainty of food intake on a given day. Fat scores varied inversely with short-term rainfall, which drives the abundance of arthropod prey.
4. Annual variation in fat scores was not accompanied by changes in total body mass. This suggests that protein reserves were being compromised by increased fat deposition in dry years and offers an explanation for the observed delay in moult during drier winters. These results suggest that strategies for maximizing short-term probability of survival translate into future fitness costs, and may shape long-term life-history strategies through simple physiological processes.     

Phenology of weight, moisture and energy reserves of Australian monarch butterflies, Danaus plexippus

Abstract. 1. In the Sydney area of New South Wales, dry weights of reproductive monarch butterflies averaged 156 mg and were higher during winter than in other seasons. Dry weights of non-reproductive monarchs ranged from 216 to 324 mg and declined by 15–25% during over wintering.
2. Fat in reproductive butterflies ranged from 0.009 to 0.017g/0.1g dry weight and was lower during winter than in other seasons. Fat content of non-reproductive monarchs was higher (0.019–0.037 g/0.1g) and declined by 24–51% during over wintering.
3. Lean dry weights of reproductive monarchs were lower than those of non-reproductive individuals. Lean dry weights of non-reproductive butterflies increased rapidly at the beginning of over wintering and remained high throughout the winter. Analysis of protein content indicated the higher lean weight of non-reproductive monarchs was due to greater protein levels.
4. Moisture content of monarchs did not vary with season or reproductive status and appeared to be correlated with ambient humidity.
5. Non-reproductive monarch butterflies in New South Wales adjust bio chemically during over wintering. Energy reserve dynamics of these butterflies are comparable to those that occur in non-reproductive monarchs in North America.     

Growth hormone-induced effects on mortality, energy status and growth: a field study on Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)

1. Growth hormone (GH) treatment increases the growth rate and competitive ability of salmonids under laboratory conditions. Since fast growth should increase fitness, why is endogenous secretion of GH not higher in wild fish? To address this question, three hypotheses were suggested. H₁: high GH levels reduce antipredator responses and may therefore increase mortality from predation. H₂: high GH levels reduce long-term (e.g. over winter) survival by reducing allocation to critical energy reserves. H₃: GH is not beneficial for growth under natural conditions.
2. To test these hypotheses, the performance of GH-treated juvenile Brown Trout ( Salmo trutta ) and control (placebo) trout was compared in an enclosed stream section subjected to natural predation. Four experiments were conducted during winter, spring, summer and autumn, respectively.
3. Mortality rates were not significantly different between GH-treated and control trout in any of the four experiments so H₁ was not supported. Energy reserves were generally lower in GH-treated fish, which is consistent with H₂, whereas growth rates in mass were higher in GH-treated fish than in controls so H₃ was not supported. This suggests that GH promotes growth at the expense of investment in maintenance.
4. Judging from growth and mortality rates, the fitness of GH-treated and control trout appeared similar. Thus, escaped GH-manipulated fish may compete successfully with wild fish.
5. Hatchery-raised trout with higher initial condition index suffered higher mortality rates than more slender fish. This novel finding may be explained by reduced escape ability related to body morphology, reduced behavioural responses towards predators by high-condition trout, or predator preferences for high-condition fish.     

Effects of drying regime on microbial colonization and shredder preference in seasonal woodland wetlands

1. Energy budgets of wetlands in temperate deciduous forests are dominated by terrestrially derived leaf litter that decays under different drying conditions depending on autumn precipitation. We compared decay rates and microbial colonization of maple leaves under different inundation schedules in a field experiment, and then conducted a laboratory study on shredder preference. In the field, litter bags either remained submerged (permanent), were moved to a dried part of the basin once and then returned (semi-permanent), or were alternated between wet and dry conditions for 8 weeks (temporary).
2. There was no difference in decay rates among treatments, but leaves incubated under permanent and semi-permanent conditions had higher fungal and bacterial biomass, and lower C : N ratios than those incubated under alternating drying and wetting conditions.
3. To determine the effects of these differences in litter nutritional quality on shredder preference, we conducted a laboratory preference test with larvae of leaf-shredding caddisflies that inhabit the wetland. Caddisflies spent twice as much time foraging on permanent and semi-permanent litter than on litter incubated under temporary conditions.
4. There is considerable variation among previous studies in how basin drying affects litter breakdown in wetlands, and no previous information on shredder preference. We found that frequent drying in a shallow wetland reduces the nutritional quality of leaf litter (lower microbial biomass and nitrogen content), and therefore preference by invertebrate shredders. These results suggest that inter-annual shifts in drying regime should alter detritus processing rates, and hence the mobilization of the energy and nutrients in leaf litter to the wetland food web.     

Book Reviews

Book reviews in this article:
Wetzel, Th. Integrierter Pflanzenschutz und Agroökosysteme.
The Indian Experience
Nagarajan, S. and K. Muralidharan Dynamics of Plant Diseases.
70. Geburtstages von Herrn Prof. Dr. J. Kranz Biochemie des Bodens.
McIntosh R. A., C. R. Welling, and R. F. Park . Wheat rusts—an Alias of Resistance Genes.
Haider, K. Biochemie des Bodens.
Kimber, D., McGregor, D. I., (eds) Brassica Oilseeds: Production and Utilization.
Oropeza, C, F. W. Howard, and G. R. Ashlninier (Eds); Lethal Yellowing: Research and Practical Aspects.
Kreuzer, J Kreuzers Gartenpflanzenlexikon 'Kurz und bũndig'.
Spatz, G. , Freiflächenpflege.
W. Eschiich , Rezension: Funktionelle Pflanzenanatomie .
Iecraemer, W. The family Trichodoridae: Stubby Root and Virus Vector Nematodes.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Gays/Justice by Richard Mohr.
Death:Beyond Whole-Brain Criteria , edited by Richard M. Zaner.
The Contraceptive Ethos:Reproductive Rights and Responsibilities Edited by S.F. Spicker, W.B. Bondeson, H.T. Englehardt, Jr., Dordrecht, Holland:D. Reidel.
Made to Order:The Myth of Reproductive and Genetic Progress Edited by Patricial Spallone and Deborah Lynn Steinberg.
Reproductive Technologies:Gender, Motherhood and Medicine Edited by Michele Stanworth.
For the Patient's Good:The Restoration of Beneficence in Health Care by Edmund D. Pellegrino and David C. Thomasma.
'The Physician as Captain of the Ship:A Critical Reappraisal', Philosophy and Medicine , vol. 29. Edited by Nancy M.P. King, Larry R. Churchill, and Alan W. Cross.     

BOOK REVIEW SECTION

Book reviewed in this article:
Martinez-Palomo, Adolfo 1982. The Biology of Entamoeba histolytica.
Ristic, M. & Kreier, J. P., eds. 1981. Babesiosis .
Krylov, M. V., ed. 1981. The Evolution and Phylogeny of the Unicellular Animals .
Petrushevskaya, M. G. 1981. [ Radiolaria of the Order Nasselaria of the World's Oceans .]
Amos, W. B. & Duckett, J. G., eds. 1982. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Flagella .
Matthes, Dieter 1982. Sesshafte Wimpertiere: Peritricha, Suctoria, Chonotricha .
Kaestner, Alfred, ed. 1980. Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie . Band I: Wirbellose Tiere.
Rosowski, James R. & Parker, Bruce C., eds. 1982. Selected Papers in Phycology II.
Raikov, Igor B. 1982. The Protozoan Nucleus: Morphology and Evolution .     

Book Reviews

Books Review in this article:
Skorupinski, B.: Genetechnik für die Schädlingsbekämpfung.
Boss, L.: Research on viruses of legume crops and the international working group on Legume viruses; Historical facts and personal reminiscences.
Francl, L. J. and Neher, D. A. (eds): Exercises in Plant Disease Epidemiology.
Backhaus, G. F. (Bearbeitung) : Anwendung arbuskulärer Mykorrhizapilze im Pflanzenbau (Arbeitstagung am 13. and 14. Januar 1997 in Braunschweig).
Müller-Starck, G. (Hrsg.): Biodiversitä und nachhaltige Forst-wirtschaft.
Kranz, J.: Epidemiologie der Pflanzenkrankheiten.