外周血树突状细胞的体外培养

本文用塑料贴壁的外周血单个核细胞(PBMNCs)在含自体血浆、rhGM-CSF、rhIL-4和TNFα的RPMI1640培养基,37℃,5%CO2湿化空气培养树突状细胞(DCs).经10天培养,可获得大量具DCs形态学特征的细胞,其有很强的刺激同种淋巴细胞增殖功能,约30%的细胞表达HLA-DR和CD1a.健康志愿者每1×107PBMNCs可收获细胞约5×105.本文培养方法产率高,培养体系简单,用自体血浆代替小牛血清,培养过程简便,这些均适应临床治疗要求.     

人外周血树突状细胞体外诱导扩增的研究

目的:探讨可用于临床治疗功能成熟的DC体外扩增的优化培养方案。方法:胎牛血清培养基联合细胞因子rhGM-CSF(100ng/mL)和rhIL-4(50 ng/mL)扩增人外周血分离的单个核细胞,细胞培养分别按5×106/mL、6×106/mL和7×106/mL的密度,加入6孔培养板。第6d加入rhTNF-a(100 ng/mL)联合培养,分别于第6 d,第9 d和12 d收获细胞。从形态学、细胞表面标志方面进行鉴定。结果:显微镜观察,经过9 d诱导后,培养细胞具有典型树突细胞外形。流式细胞仪分析,6×106/mL密度的细胞培养组培养到第9天最宜。结论:细胞具有典型的DC的形态特征,细胞表型及功能实验证实其DC的特性,说明建立的血清培养基联合细胞因子rhGM-CSF、rhIL-4和rhTNF-a体外诱导DC的方法是切实可行的。     

大鼠骨髓来源未成熟与成熟树突状细胞的对比研究

目的:对比培养大鼠骨髓来源的未成熟树突状细胞与成熟树突状细胞,并从形态学、表型及功能检测等多方面进行对比研究,为后续的实验做出基础研究。方法:大鼠脱臼法处死后取两侧胫骨、股骨,PBS冲洗骨髓腔收集骨髓细胞,经GM-CSF和IL-4刺激培养六天后,对比研究经LPS刺激组与未经LPS刺激培养组细胞状况。结果:①成熟树突状细胞悬浮生长,集落分散,扫描电镜下见其突起数目明显多于未成熟树突状细胞。②成熟树突状细胞高表达表面标记分子CD80、CD86、MHCⅡ,而未成熟树突状细胞均低表达。③成熟树突状细胞培养基上清中IL-12水平高,而未成熟树突状细胞培养基上清中IL-12水平低。④成熟树突状细胞具有强的刺激T细胞增殖能力,而未成熟树突状细胞基本不具有诱导T细胞增殖能力。结论:未成熟状态的树突状细胞具备致耐受原性,可抑制T细胞的应答,而成熟状态的树突状细胞由于获得了免疫刺激潜能从而会对炎性刺激做出反应。     

青钱柳多糖对小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞表面分子表达的影响

为探讨青钱柳多糖（CPC）对小鼠骨髓来源树突状细胞（BMDCs）细胞形态及表面分子的影响,首先采用细胞因子诱导法,以贴壁法获得贴壁单核细胞,添加重组粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rmGM—CSF）和重组白细胞介素-4（rmIL-4）进行体外诱导,倒置显微镜及透射电镜观察细胞形态的变化;流式细胞术检测培养第6dDCs的表面标志CD80,CD86和MHCⅡ类分子的表达的变化。经CPC刺激24h后,采用流式细胞术检测DCs表面MHCⅡ类分子表达的变化。结果发现：经rmGM—CSF和traiL-4诱导获得的DCs随着培养时间的延长,细胞形态发生改变,逐渐变成具有树状突起的DCs。经LPS刺激后的DCs能够发生典型的DCs的成熟,而培养第6天的DCs具有典型的DCs表型特征,可用于后续进一步实验。与阴性对照相比,CPC显著促进树突状细胞表面MHCⅡ的表达,在浓度（10～200μg／mL）范围内呈现剂量依赖性。初步表明CPC可以促进树突状细胞的成熟。     

小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞体外诱导培养及初步鉴定

用重组小鼠粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（rmGM-CSF）和重组小鼠白细胞介素4（rmIL-4）体外诱导小鼠骨髓细胞分化为树突状细胞,进行形态学变化观察,分析细胞表面分子,刺激T细胞增殖,探讨小鼠骨髓源树突状细胞（BMDC）体外诱导培养并进行初步鉴定。体外培养9d后BMDC可达80%以上,光镜下可见典型的树突状细胞形态。清楚表达成熟期主要表面标志物,可显著刺激同种异体混合淋巴细胞增殖。获得了较高纯度的BMDC,避免了使用传统磁珠分离方法所带来的成本高,操作复杂,产出率低的弊端,为研究BMDC功能以及运用开展下游实验提供材料。     

体外修饰树突状细胞诱导免疫耐受的研究

目的:探讨体外联合应用白细胞介素10(interleukin 10,IL-10)和甲基强的松龙(methylprednisolone,Medron)修饰供体树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)对小鼠皮肤移植术后免疫耐受的诱导效果,为抗移植术后免疫排斥反应治疗提供依据。方法:以健康成年C57BL/6小鼠为供体。BALB/c小鼠为受体,随机分为6组。除A组外,其余各组均于皮肤移植前3d自尾静脉输入对应的供体DC。具体对应关系如下:A组为空白对照,尾静脉输入生理盐水;B组为输入未修饰的DC;C组为20μg/L IL-10处理组;D组为10mg/L Medron处理组:E组为20μg/L IL-10 10mg/L Medron处理组。同时设立F组,为BALB/c对BALB/c的同种同基因皮片移植。各组行皮肤移植术,观察受体移植皮片存活情况。结果:E组的移植皮片存活时间最长,与其它各处理组相比P＜0．05,存在统计学差异。结论:用IL-10和甲强龙修饰的供体树突状细胞对受体进行预处理,可明显延长移植皮片的存活时间。     

人外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞的体外“2＋2”快速法培养及其鉴定

以人浓缩白细胞来源的CD14 单核细胞为前体,建立体外快速培养树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)的方法.采用密度梯度离心和MACS磁珠分选系统,收集高纯度的CD14 单核细胞;以rGM-CSF、rIL-4联合分化2天诱导不成熟DC,再将分化后的细胞以rTNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE2共同活化2天得到成熟DC.流式细胞仪检测结果表明,分化2天的不成熟DC具有吞噬能力,且表型HLA-DR、CD40、CD80表达在80%以上,CD83、CD86基本小表达,成熟后的DC能够激活T细胞增殖,HLA-DR表达增高,CD83、CD86表达占85%.     

支气管哮喘病儿外周血树突状细胞功能变化

目的:观察支气管哮喘病儿外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)来源树突状细胞(DC)功能变化。方法:以18例健康儿童为对照,选择16例支气管哮喘发作期病儿为研究对象,分离PBMC并经rhGM-CSF诱生成熟DC。采用流式细胞仪(FACS)检测DC表面共刺激分子CD80(B7-1)、CD86(B7-2)和CD83的表达率;ELISA法检测培养上清液中IL-10和IL-12的变化。结果:①哮喘组DC表面CD86的表达率明显高于健康对照组(t=2.27,P<0.05),CD80、CD83的表达率与健康对照组比较均无显著性差异(t=1.17,1.34;P>0.05)。②哮喘组DC分泌IL-10、IL-12水平均明显低于健康对照组(t’=3.31,3.39;P<0.01)。③哮喘组DC分泌IL-10与IL-12成正相关(r=0.740,P<0.01),而健康对照组IL-10与IL-12无相关性(r=0.232,P>0.05)。结论:支气管哮喘病儿DC存在功能缺陷,主要表现在CD86表达升高、IL-10、IL-12分泌减少。     

人外周血单核细胞来源的树突状细胞的体外“2＋2”陕速法培养及其鉴定

以人浓缩白细胞来源的CD14^＋单核细胞为前体,建立体外快速培养树突状细胞（dendritic cell,DC）的方法。采用密度梯度离心和MACS磁珠分选系统,收集高纯度的CD14^＋单核细胞：以rGM—CSF、rIL-4联合分化2天诱导不成熟DC,再将分化后的细胞以rTNF-α,IL-1β、IL-6、PGE2共同活化2天得到成熟DC。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,分化2天的不成熟DC具有吞噬能力,且表型HLA—DR、CD40、CD80表达在80％以上,CD83、CD86基本不表达,成熟后的DC能够激活T细胞增殖,HLA—DR表达增高,CD83、CD86表达占85％。     

树突状细胞来源的Exosomes的免疫调节作用

Exosomes是多种细胞经晚期内体形成的一种膜性小囊泡。最初认为其功能仅为降解内吞物质,但研究发现exosomes的特异功能与其来源细胞相关,尤其是抗原提呈细胞(APCs)——树突状细胞来源的exosomes(dendritic cell-derived exosomes,DEXs)集MHC-I/MHC-II、共刺激分子、黏附分子、热休克蛋白于一身,在体内外免疫调节中起非常重要的作用。现对DEXs诱导抗肿瘤免疫应答和诱导免疫耐受两方面的功能及可能的免疫调节机制进行综述。     

藏红花素对白血病患儿骨髓树突状细胞体外增殖作用的影响

目的:探讨藏红花素(crocin)对白血病患儿骨髓树突状细胞体外增殖作用的影响。方法:采用Ficoll-Hypaque法分离急性白血病患者骨髓液单个核细胞,将本实验分为六组。培养至第9天,在倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞形态,对各组细胞进行计数,并行瑞氏-姬姆萨染液染色,在油镜下观察典型树突状细胞的形态,应用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞免疫表型。结果:结果表明,实验各组均得到一定数量典型的DC,对照组中未见,实验各组细胞数目明显高于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。在加入细胞因子的各组中,以E组即加入藏红花素1.25mg/ml组细胞数最高,而C组细胞数与D组细胞数比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。培养至第9天,流式细胞仪免疫分析显示C、D、E、F各组CD1a+、CD83+、HLA-DR+细胞比例明显高于A、B两组(P<0.01),差异有显著统计学意义,A、B两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。D、F组与C组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。E组与C、D、F组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:藏红花素能促进树突状细胞增殖,其促进树突状细胞增殖的能力明显弱于细胞因子的联合作用。藏红花素协同细胞因子促进树突状细胞的成熟具有浓度依赖性,在藏红花素浓度为1.25mg/ml时作用最强,而浓度过高或过低时均未表现出明显的促进作用。     

藏红花素对白血病患儿骨髓树突状细胞体外增殖作用的影响

目的：探讨藏红花素（crocin）对白血病患儿骨髓树突状细胞体外增殖作用的影响。方法：采用Ficoll-Hypaque法分离急性白血病患者骨髓液单个核细胞,将本实验分为六组。培养至第9天,在倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞形态,对各组细胞进行计数,并行瑞氏-姬姆萨染液染色,在油镜下观察典型树突状细胞的形态,应用流式细胞仪检测各组细胞免疫表型。结果：结果表明,实验各组均得到一定数量典型的DC,对照组中未见,实验各组细胞数目明显高于对照组,差异有显著统计学意义（P〈0.01）。在加入细胞因子的各组中,以E组即加入藏红花素1.25mg/ml组细胞数最高,而C组细胞数与D组细胞数比较无显著差异（P〉0.05）。培养至第9天,流式细胞仪免疫分析显示C、D、E、F各组CD1a＋、CD83＋、HLA-DR＋细胞比例明显高于A、B两组（P〈0.01）,差异有显著统计学意义,A、B两组之间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。D、F组与C组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。E组与C、D、F组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：藏红花素能促进树突状细胞增殖,其促进树突状细胞增殖的能力明显弱于细胞因子的联合作用。藏红花素协同细胞因子促进树突状细胞的成熟具有浓度依赖性,在藏红花素浓度为1.25mg/ml时作用最强,而浓度过高或过低时均未表现出明显的促进作用。     

Response to Rhinovirus Infection by Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in an In Vitro Two-Chamber Tissue Culture System

Human rhinovirus (HRV) infections are associated with the common cold, occasionally with more serious lower respiratory tract illnesses, and frequently with asthma exacerbations. The clinical features of HRV infection and its association with asthma exacerbation suggest that some HRV disease results from virus-induced host immune responses to infection. To study the HRV-infection-induced host responses and the contribution of these responses to disease, we have developed an in vitro model of HRV infection of human airway epithelial cells (Calu-3 cells) and subsequent exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to these infected cells in a two-chamber trans-well tissue culture system. Using this model, we studied HRV 14 (species B) and HRV 16 (species A) induced cytokine and chemokine responses with PBMCs from four healthy adults. Infection of Calu-3 cells with either virus induced HRV-associated increases in FGF-Basic, IL-15, IL-6, IL-28A, ENA-78 and IP-10. The addition of PBMCs to HRV 14-infected cells gave significant increases in MIP-1β, IL-28A, MCP-2, and IFN-α as compared with mock-infected cells. Interestingly, ENA-78 levels were reduced in HRV 14 infected cells that were exposed to PBMCs. Addition of PBMCs to HRV 16-infected cells did not induce MIP-1β, IL-28A and IFN-α efficiently nor did it decrease ENA-78 levels. Our results demonstrate a clear difference between HRV 14 and HRV 16 and the source of PBMCs, in up or down regulation of several cytokines including those that are linked to airway inflammation. Such differences might be one of the reasons for variation in disease associated with different HRV species including variation in their link to asthma exacerbations as suggested by other studies. Further study of immune responses associated with different HRVs and PBMCs from different patient groups, and the mechanisms leading to these differences, should help characterize pathogenesis of HRV disease and generate novel approaches to its treatment.     

Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Sense Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-Infected Cells In Vitro

We previously reported that exosomal transfer of hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive-strand RNA from human Huh-7 hepatoma cells to human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) triggers pDC alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) production in a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-dependent, virus-independent manner. Here we show that human pDCs are also activated by a TLR7-dependent, virus-independent, exosomal RNA transfer mechanism by human and mouse hepatoma and nonhepatoma cells that replicate the negative-strand lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV).     

Generation and Culture of Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells from Human Peripheral Blood

Historically, the limited availability of primary endothelial cells from patients with vascular disorders has hindered the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in these individuals. However, the recent identification of blood outgrowth endothelial cells (BOECs), generated from circulating endothelial progenitors in adult peripheral blood, may circumvent this limitation by offering an endothelial-like, primary cell surrogate for patient-derived endothelial cells. Beyond their value to understanding endothelial biology and disease modeling, BOECs have potential uses in endothelial cell transplantation therapies. They are also a suitable cellular substrate for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) via nuclear reprogramming, offering a number of advantages over other cell types. We describe a method for the reliable generation, culture and characterization of BOECs from adult peripheral blood for use in these and other applications. This approach (i) allows for the generation of patient-specific endothelial cells from a relatively small volume of adult peripheral blood and (ii) produces cells that are highly similar to primary endothelial cells in morphology, cell signaling and gene expression.     

Phagocytic Cells in the Peripheral Blood of the Dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula L. I. In Vitro Studies

In vitro phagocytosis by peripheral blood leucocytes of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula L. was examined by exposing adherent cells to a variety of particulate and soluble antigens and inert material. Their subsequent uptake was monitored by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The monocyte and the neutrophil-like granulocyte were found to be the major phagocytic cells. Larger particles like yeasts and erythrocytes were the most avidly phagocytosed. From studies on the effects of pH, temperature and the presence of plasma, metabolic inhibitors and divalent ions, it appeared that optimum phagocytosis occurred at pH 7.0 and between 10 and 20°C. Serum factors did not enhance the process in this species. Finally, the in vitro clearance of 5 bacterial species indicated that the presence of blood phagocytes had little or no effect on bacterial numbers.