腹腔镜术中胆道造影及网篮取石治疗胆总管结石的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术时切开胆总管在X线透视下网篮取石的可行性.方法:2006年4月至2008年2月,65例患者术前均经B超诊断为胆囊结石,伴胆总管扩张、胆总管结石.术中于腹腔镜下经胆囊管、胆总管造影,切开胆总管在C臂机透视下用网篮套取结石.结果:65例患者经胆总管造影发现14例有胆总管结石,经胆总管网篮取石成功13例.1例因结石嵌顿胆总管下端、取石网篮无法通过Oddi括约肌而中转开腹.结论:胆囊结石伴胆总管结石X线透视下,正确掌握手术操作技巧,切开胆总管网篮取石可一次完成,术后效果满意.     

中国腹茧症15年流行病学特征

目的:探讨中国近15年腹茧症的流行病学特征和诊疗经验.方法:总结中国1994年1月-2009年1月问的腹茧症文献资料.结果:中国近15年共报道903例腹茧症,男女比例为1:1.35,平均年龄33.14岁,51.7%分布在华东地区,90.5%以不同表现形式的肠梗阻为主要表现,70.5%属于弥漫型腹茧症,40.2%患者无大网膜,手术以包膜切除为主.结论:腹茧症主要分布在华东地区,术前诊断困难,切除包膜和松解粘连是治疗本病的有效方法.     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石15例体会

目的:探索腹膜后途径腹腔镜输尿管切开取石的方法。方法:采用后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石治疗输尿管中上结石患者15例。结果:13例成功,2例失败改为开放手术。手术平均时间约97分钟,术中出血约120ml,术后平均住院时间6、1天。结论:经腹膜后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术是治疗输尿管中上结石的一种安全有效的手术方式,可取代部分开放手术,具推广价值。     

腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆总管结石行胆管一期缝合的可行性研究

目的:探讨应用腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石并行一期缝合胆总管的方法治疗胆总管结石病的可行性。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,将我院2013年6月~2016年6月收治的76例胆总管结石患者随机分成A、B两组,A组给予腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石后行胆管一期缝合;B组给予腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石后留置T管引流。比较分析两组术中、术后及并发症情况。结果:胆总管一期缝合组较留置T管组住院时间更短,住院费用更低,且术后出现的并发症几率更小。结论:腹腔镜联合胆道镜胆总管切开取石后一期缝合胆总管是治疗胆总管结石病的安全可行的方法,既为患者节省了费用又避免留置T管带来的并发症,在合适的适应症下可行此手术方法治疗胆总管结石病。     

小切开EST联合EPBD与单纯EST对85岁以上老年胆总管结石患者疗效的比较

目的:对比内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌(expressed sequence tags,EST)小切开术联合内镜下十二指肠乳头括约肌扩张术(endoscopic papillary balloon dilation,EPBD)与单纯EST对85岁以上老年胆总管结石患者的疗效。方法:选择我院于2014年1月～2020年2月收治的85岁以上老年胆总管结石患者150例,根据入院顺序随机分成两组,每组各75例,给予对照组单纯小切开EST术治疗,给予研究组小切开EST+EPBD术治疗。对比两组的一次取石成功率、机械碎石、结石复发率等指标;术中操作时间、术中出血量、住院天数、术后排便天数等临床指标;术后胆道感染、急性胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血症、术后腹痛等并发症的总发生率。结果:研究组一次取石成功率显著高于对照组,机械碎石、结石复发率均显著低于对照组(P0.05);研究组的术中操作时间、术中出血量、住院天数、术后排便天数均显著低于对照组(P0.05);研究组术后胆道感染、急性胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血症、术后腹痛、术后迟发性出血等并发症的总发生率为9.33%(7/75),显著低于对照组37.33%(28/75),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:小切开EST联合EPBD对85岁以上老年胆总管结石患者的疗效显著,该方法可有改善患者临床指标,降低术后并发症发生率,值得推荐至临床广泛应用。     

食管穿孔外科治疗22例临床分析

目的:探讨食管穿孔的诊断、临床特征与外科治疗方法.方法:回顾分析1999年-2009年我院收治的食管穿孔22例.结果:本组病例4例保守治疗,2例行颈部脓肿切开引流,8例行单纯食管穿孔修补术,3例行纵隔及胸腔脓肿清除术并引流,1例行食管下段切除、胃代食管弓上吻合术,2例行食管修补并肺叶切除,2例行空肠双管造瘘加纵隔胸腔引流,2例因经济原因放弃治疗出院.治愈19例,治愈率86.3%,死亡1例,死亡率4.5%.结论:早期诊断和及时采取正确的处理措施是提高本病治愈率,降低死亡率的关键.     

糖尿病合并胆道结石病人围手术期的处理

糖尿病是一种常见的终身性、全身性疾病,发病率高,尤其在胆道疾病病人中糖尿病更为常见。而胆道结石围手术期的处理对减少术后并发症的发生至关重要,现就其围手术期的处理报告如下。1临床资料1·1一般资料本组47例糖尿病合并胆道结石患者,男31例,女16例,年龄28~75岁,平均53·5岁。其中急诊手术6例中,急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎行剖腹探查、胆总管切开取石、“T”管引流术2例,急性化脓性胆囊炎4例;择期手术41例中,胆总管结石行胆总管切开取石、“T”管引流术3例,慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石行开腹胆囊切除术38例。1·2诊断标准根据WHO1999年糖尿病诊…     

2011—2015年武鸣县手足口病流行特征分析

目的分析武鸣县2011—2015年手足口病(hand-foot-mouth disease,HFMD)流行病学特征,为武鸣县HFMD的预防和控制提供依据。方法收集并整理中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统中武鸣县2011—2015年HFMD病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法,对其流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2011—2015年,武鸣县共报告HFMD病例17 961例,发病率为648.42/10万,呈隔年高发。各月均有HFMD病例报告,报告病例数呈"双高峰"型,分别为4—6月7 308例(占40.69%),9—10月5 043例(占28.08%);报告病例最多的地区为武鸣县城4 266例,占总报告病例数的23.75%,高于其他乡镇;男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.51∶1;以<4岁儿童为主,占86.40%,其中散居儿童11 527例(占64.18%)。结论武鸣县HFMD具有发病率高、流行季节明显,以4岁以下散居儿童为主的流行病学特征;需加强重点地区、重点人群及HFMD病原学的监测。     

胆总管结石取石术后复发的临床特征及其危险因素分析

目的:探讨胆总管结石取石术后复发的临床特征并分析其危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月~2016年7月在我院手术的胆总管结石患者730例的病例资料,其中接受开腹胆道探查取石术550例定义为开腹组,腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)30例定义为LCBDE组,经内镜十二指肠乳头括约肌切开取石术(EST)150例定义为EST组,对比三组复发率;按照有无复发分为复发组(n=227)和未复发组(n=503),采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析复发患者的临床特征和危险因素。结果:EST组复发率为38.67%,显著高于LCBDE组的26.67%和开腹组的29.27%(P0.05);单因素分析结果为患者在年龄、HBV感染史、黄疸、总胆红素异常、乳头旁憩室、胆道感染、胆道狭窄、乳头狭窄、Oddis括约肌功能障碍、胆道手术史、胆囊切除、胆总管直径≥15 mm、胆管角≤120°、手术类型、结石数量≥2粒、结石直径≥10 mm、有无胆囊结石具有统计学差异(P0.05);Logistic多因素回归分析结果为患者的年龄、有乳头旁憩室、有胆道手术史、胆总管直径≥15 mm、结石数量≥2粒、手术类型为EST均是胆总管结石取石术后复发的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论:胆总管结石取石术后复发的危险因素较多,临床应当根据患者的结石大小、数量及患者体质等综合考虑手术方式,并加强预防措施,力求控制胆总管结石取石术后的复发。     

斜仰截石位输尿管镜联合经皮肾镜治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石

目的:研究斜仰截石位输尿管镜联合经皮肾镜治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的安全性和有效性.方法:2011年2月-2012年2月采用斜仰截石位输尿管镜联合经皮肾镜治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石患者36例,平均年龄(47±15)岁,结石位于左侧20例,右侧16例.结石最大径1.5-3.0 cm,平均(2.0± 1.0) cm.该体位摆放完成后患者整体成一斜向截石位.采用连续硬膜外麻醉或气管插管全麻,先行URSL,将结石击碎成若干较大碎石块,结石或碎石块上移达接近肾盂水平后,在B超引导下穿刺肾盂或目标肾盏成功后,依次扩张通道至16F或24 F,用EMS第四代碎石清石系统碎石.结果:36例均穿刺成功并能良好耐受手术,患者无因体位不适终止手术者.平均手术时间(75± 25) min.一次性结石清除率为91.6 ％(33/36),残留结石3例,其中行二期手术取尽结石1例.术后高热2例.无胸膜、腹腔脏器损伤等并发症发生.结论:斜仰截石位URSL联合PCNL治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石安全有效,患者耐受性好.     

Non-operative removal of bile duct stones by duodenoscopic sphincterotomy in the elderly.

Between January 1975 and December 1979, 71 patients over the age of 70 underwent attempted duodenoscopic sphincterotomy for stones in the common bile duct. Fifteen patients still had gall bladders in situ. Sphincterotomy was possible in 69 of the patients and in 65 of these duct clearance was achieved, giving an overall success rate of 92%. Failure to achieve sphincterotomy in two cases was due to substantial peripapillary diverticula. Duct clearance failed in four patients, mostly due to the size of the retained stones. The largest stone extracted was 24 mm diameter. There were no deaths but complications occurred in nine patients (13%); these were haemorrhage in four (requiring surgery in one), cholangitis in four (two of whom required surgical extraction of stones), and pancreatitis in one. The average duration of hospital stay in successful cases was 11 days (range three to 30). Clinical follow-up of 55 patients one to five years after sphincterotomy showed no evidence of stones or of stenosis of the sphincter. Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is a major advance in the management of elderly patients with stones in the common bile duct.     

Migration of gall stones.

The factors influencing the migration of gall stones are ill understood. Altogether 331 patients undergoing cholecystectomy were studied prospectively. The diameters of the cystic and common bile ducts and of stones in the gall bladder and bile ducts were measured. Increasing pressure was applied to the freshly excised gall bladder in an attempt to evacuate stones through the cystic duct. Stones passed in 33 (60.0%) of patients with choledocholithiasis, 45 (67.2%) of patients with pancreatitis, and 7 (3.2%) of patients without either pancreatitis or choledocholithiasis. Stones migrated in 6 (3.0%) who had a normal cystic duct diameter (less than or equal to 4 mm) and in 46 (32.5%) with a duct over 4 mm diameter. Common bile duct stones were often larger than the diameter of the cystic duct and when reintroduced into the gall bladder would not migrate. The passage of debris (less than or equal to 1 mm) through the cystic duct bore no relation to the presence or absence of choledocholithiasis or a dilated cystic duct. Small stones (1-4 mm diameter) must migrate to initiate and facilitate further migration; some must increase in size in the common bile duct. Increased biliary pressure consequently dilates the duct system retrogradely, allowing larger stones to follow. Patients at risk of stone migration and thereby pancreatitis and jaundice have large ducts that can be detected by ultrasound assessment.     

腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效

目的:探讨腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:收集我院肝胆科2012年6月到2014年3月住院的胆结石合并胆总管结石60例,按照随机数字表法分为试验组和对照组,各30例,试验组给予腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗,对照组给予传统的开腹胆囊切除以及胆总管探查取石,观察对比两组的临床疗效。结果:试验组手术时间、住院时间、术后恢复时间及术中出血量明显的短于或少于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(均P0.05),试验组治愈率为96.7%明显的高于对照组的66.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组主要不良反应有:结石残留、感染、十二指肠穿孔、恶性呕吐及伤口疼痛等,试验组不良反应发生率为16.67%明显的低于对照组总的73.33%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜联合十二指肠镜治疗胆结石合并胆总管结石较传统的开腹手术治疗的效果好、恢复时间短、手术创伤小,且具有一定的安全性,不良反应发生少,值得临床推广使用。     

CHOLANGIOGRAPHY FOLLOWING COMMON DUCT DRAINAGE

In a series of 197 patients with extrahepatic biliary disease, 65 who had symptoms that met certain established criteria were operated upon to explore the common bile duct for stones. Stones or debris were found in 34 cases.Certain phases of the procedure used are being reevaluated.Because of unsatisfactory results with immediate cholangiograms, they were made only in selected cases in which the anticipated advantages outweighed the known disadvantages. Delayed cholangiography (10 or 12 days postoperatively) is considered a “must,” however, for determination of the presence of remaining stones. If residual stones are shown, they are removed as soon as possible.     

CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS-Correlation of Preoperative with Operative and Postoperative Data to Enhance Diagnostic Insight

One hundred cases of common bile duct explorations were reviewed in an attempt to obtain information that might give insight into the diagnosis and definitive treatment of choledocholithiasis. Fifty of the hundred patients had common duct stones. Correlations were made between the incidence of choledocholithiasis as proved at operation, and the following factors: Kind and number of choledochal exploratory criteria used, the clinical diagnosis of common duct stones, and the pathologic features of gallbladders removed. The incidence of stones was statistically related to aging. The most frequent choledochal exploratory criteria were common duct dilatation or thickening (63 cases) and history of jaundice (50 cases). The most reliable single criterion in "diagnosing" common duct stones was palpable common or hepatic duct stones, the diagnosis having been correct in 15 of 17 such cases. The most reliable combination of criteria was a history of jaundice, plus palpable stones, with correct diagnosis in all such cases. The clinical diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was correct in only 17 per cent of cases. The correlation of the incidence of common duct stones with the degree of gallbladder disease-that is, acute or chronic-did not provide information that might be helpful in diagnosing choledocholithiasis. The incidence of proven retained common duct stones was 3 per cent, the non-fatal postoperative complication rate was 21 per cent and operative mortality was 1 per cent.     

钬激光在胆总管下段嵌顿结石术中的应用

目的探讨钬激光在胆总管下段嵌顿性结石手术中的应用价值。方法通过腹腔镜下胆道镜工作通道,应用钬激光,功率为0．6—0．8J／10Hz,直径为200um光导纤维,在直视下接触结石,将嵌顿结石击碎后注水冲出,或用取石篮套出。结果11例均取石碎石成功,手术时间75—205min,平均95．5min,出血80—130ml,平均89．4ml。平均住院8．2d。术后无胆道出血,胆漏。术后2W照影无结石残留,胆总管下段通畅无胆道狭窄。术后肝功能2W恢复正常6例,5例1月均恢复正常。随访3—6月未见结石复发。结论钬激光治疗胆总管下段嵌顿结石,具有创伤小、恢复快、碎石确切、操作容易、安全有效等优点,为治疗复杂性胆总管结石开辟了一条新的治疗途径。     

CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS—Correlation of Preoperative with Operative and Postoperative Data to Enhance Diagnostic Insight

One hundred cases of common bile duct explorations were reviewed in an attempt to obtain information that might give insight into the diagnosis and definitive treatment of choledocholithiasis. Fifty of the hundred patients had common duct stones. Correlations were made between the incidence of choledocholithiasis as proved at operation, and the following factors: Kind and number of choledochal exploratory criteria used, the clinical diagnosis of common duct stones, and the pathologic features of gallbladders removed.The incidence of stones was statistically related to aging.The most frequent choledochal exploratory criteria were common duct dilatation or thickening (63 cases) and history of jaundice (50 cases).The most reliable single criterion in “diagnosing” common duct stones was palpable common or hepatic duct stones, the diagnosis having been correct in 15 of 17 such cases.The most reliable combination of criteria was a history of jaundice, plus palpable stones, with correct diagnosis in all such cases.The clinical diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was correct in only 17 per cent of cases.The correlation of the incidence of common duct stones with the degree of gallbladder disease—that is, acute or chronic—did not provide information that might be helpful in diagnosing choledocholithiasis.The incidence of proven retained common duct stones was 3 per cent, the non-fatal postoperative complication rate was 21 per cent and operative mortality was 1 per cent.     

肝内外胆管多发结石肝部分切除术后肝功能衰竭的诊治

目的：探讨肝内外胆管多发结石术后肝功能衰竭的预防、诊断及治疗。方法：我院2011年1 月~2013 年12 月收治肝内外胆 管多发结石行手术治疗患者共126 例,术后发生肝功能衰竭者6 例,均是合并肝叶切除患者。及时准确诊断肝功能衰竭后予抗 炎、护肝、止血、输血、糖皮质激素、抑酸、人血白蛋白、利尿、降血氨、血浆置换及对症支持等治疗。结果：6 例患者出院前复查总胆 红素28.3~ 58.7 mmol/L,谷丙转氨酶16~ 62 U/L,谷草转氨酶12~ 85 U/L,血浆白蛋白32.1~ 37.8 g/L,凝血功能基本正常,腹水消 失,血氨正常,上消化道出血停止。术后12~ 35 d出院,平均18 d。6例患者术后长期随访,目前均存活。结论：肝功能衰竭是肝脏 及胆道术后最为严重的并发症之一,充分的术前准备及评估,术后的及时诊断及治疗,可明显降低其死亡率。     

塑料胆道支架引流术治疗复杂性胆总管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)下塑料胆道支架引流术治疗复杂性胆总管结石的临床疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2011年9月至2013年9月在我院经ERCP下胆道支架引流术治疗的32例复杂性胆总管结石患者的临床病例资料。结果:32例患者塑料胆道支架引流术全部成功,平均手术时间15-30分钟。术后,2例发生高淀粉酶血症,经禁食72小时后恢复正常,无穿孔、消化道大出血等ERCP严重并发症发生。术后1周,患者腹痛、发热消失,转氨酶及胆红素水平明显下降,平均住院时间6-15天。3个月复查B超,发现结石缩小19例,结石碎裂1例,支架脱落1例。术后7天、术后3个月的肝功能指标与术前比较均显著改善,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ERCP下塑料胆道支架引流术是一种复杂性胆总管结石安全有效的治疗方法,具有创伤小、风险较低、操作时间短、患者易耐受及手术成功率高等优点。     

Tear duct size differences of age, sex and race

Measurements of the external opening of the tear duct (naso-lachrymal canal) of skulls of American colored males and white males indicate larger apertures among the former at corresponding ages. Duct length is somewhat shorter among colored males. In both racial samples the older skulls have slightly larger apertures than those under 40. A sample of white female skulls corroborates this, and manifests smaller average size than the white male skulls at ages below 50 whereas older skulls reveal no sex difference. The race difference in aperture size among male skulls is highly significant statistically and may reflect ecological adaptation.