人SCF非融合蛋白的纯化及生物活性

将构建的可溶性SCF表达质粒PBV-SCF转化到大肠杆菌DH5α中进行非溶合蛋白表达,经克隆筛选出高效表达菌株表达量在20％左右,大量扩增后经包涵体提取、液相层析技术纯化,得到纯度为90％以上的rh-SCF制品,对其等电点和N端氨基酸进行分析,证实具有天然SCF特性,生物活性检测表明该表达产物比活性为6.6×10⁵ U/mg, 同时可以协同GM-CSF促进人骨髓中CFU-GM增殖. 重组人可溶性SCF的获得对于实验室研究和临床应用具有一定价值.     

类弹性蛋白标签在重组蛋白分离纯化中的应用

类弹性蛋白(elastin-like polypeptide,ELP)是一种非常有前途的重组蛋白分离纯化标签.这种人工合成的蛋白质多肽是由五肽重复序列单元(VPGXG)串联组成,具有温度诱导的可逆相变特性.ELP与目的蛋白融合后,赋予重组蛋白相类似的可逆相变性质.多次可逆相变循环(inverse transition cycling,ITC)之后,就可以从蛋白溶液混合液中选择性地分离出ELP融合蛋白,再经特异性酶切或者改变环境条件引发内含肽发生自我剪切去除ELP标签,从而得到单一的目的蛋白,实现简单快速分离纯化重组蛋白.目前,该技术已成功应用于原核大肠杆菌和植物表达系统中.大肠杆菌表达ELP-绿色荧光融合蛋白的最高产量可达1.6 g/L.这种非色谱分离纯化重组蛋白的方法具有技术简单、操作快速、成本低、易于扩大等优点.重点从该技术的原理、技术路线以及发展方向进行综述.     

旋毛虫基因重组抗原的纯化

根据旋毛虫基因重组抗原蛋白的特点,筛选出裂解处理工程菌菌体的方法,并探索了用ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－３００（ＨＲ）柱层析纯化重组蛋白的程序。用本法处理和纯化后,重组蛋白的纯度可达９０％以上。所纯化的三种重组抗原蛋白均能与猪旋毛虫病血清发生特异性反应而不与正常猪血清和猪囊虫病血清反应,其中以重组蛋白ＲＰ３４的特异性最强,ＲＰ３７较弱,ＲＰ４６介于两者之间。研究结果表明,本纯化方法易于操作、设备简单和特异性蛋白回收率高,是处理和纯化旋毛虫基因重组抗原的最佳程序。     

易发生聚集的重组HBcAg病毒样颗粒的纯化*

目的:探索针对易发生聚集的重组HBcAg病毒样颗粒(VLP)的有效纯化方案。方法:培养的大肠杆菌经IPTG诱导重组HBcAg蛋白的表达,菌体超声破碎后的离心沉淀用含有不同浓度尿素的PBS缓冲液重悬溶解,经密度梯度离心并结合电镜观察对VLPs行为进行分析鉴定。以Sepharose 4 FF凝胶过滤层析在选定的尿素条件下纯化沉淀溶解液,纯化获得的目的蛋白进一步在含30%山梨醇的PBS中脱盐去除尿素。整个过程以SDS-PAGE及电镜进行各步骤样品中目的蛋白的分析。结果:含有1mol/L尿素的PBS缓冲溶液重悬超声沉淀,可有效溶解聚集的VLPs,在蔗糖密度梯度离心中显示典型HBcAg VLPs的行为,且电镜观察颗粒形态结构完整。经1mol/L尿素下凝胶过滤,VLPs进一步获得纯化。在脱尿素过程中流动相采用含30%山梨醇的PBS,有效避免了VLPs在尿素去除后重新聚集。结论:尿素与山梨醇的联合应用,为具有聚集现象的VLPs纯化制备提供了一种有效解决方案。     

Implementing Process Analytical Technology for the Production of Recombinant Proteins in Escherichia coli Using an Advanced Controller Scheme

The performance of a bioreactor in meeting process goals is affected by the microorganism used, medium composition, and operating conditions. A typical bioreactor uses a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system for control, and a combination of software and hardware tools for real‐time data analysis. However, when the process is disrupted by utility or instrumentation failure, typical process controllers may be unable to reinstate normal operating conditions before the cells in the reactor shift to unfavorable metabolic regimes. The objective of this study is to examine how the response of a controller affects process recovery when disruptive incidences occur under a process analytical technology (PAT) framework. The process used for this investigation is the production of lethal toxin‐neutralizing factor (LTNF) by Escherichia coli (E. coli), which is controlled by a decoupled input–output‐linearizing controller (DIOLC). The performance of the DIOLC is compared to a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller subjected to the same conditions. The disruptions are introduced manually and the effect of controller action on process recovery and LTNF synthesis is measured in terms of peak purity and concentration. It is observed that DIOLC performs better after reinstating operating conditions and results in a meaningful improvement in performance.     

Improved Procedures for the Purification of Selected Vitamin K-Dependent Proteins

Improved methods are described to obtain bovine prothrombin, Factor IX, Protein C, and autoprothrombin III (Factor X, Auto-III) in purified form. The prothrombin had a specific activity of 4, 340 Iowa units/mg. Theoretically, a preparation of clean thrombin should have a specific activity of 8, 200 U/mg, because 47.08% of the protein in prothrombin is lost when thrombin forms. Such thrombin preparations have been obtained (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 121, 372 (1967)). The prothrombin concentration of bovine plasma is near 60 mg/liter. Protein C, first isolated by Stenflo (J. Biol. Chem. 251, 355 (1976)), was found to be the precursor of autoprothrombin II-A (Auto-II-A), discovered earlier (Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 5, 218 (1960)). Protein C (Factor XIV) was converted to Auto-II-A (Factor XlVa) by thrombin. Digesting purified Auto-III with purified thrombin removed a small glycopeptide from the COOH-terminal end of the heavy chain to yield Auto-IIItm. Auto-III throtnbin Auto-IIIm + peptide. Auto-IIIm was not converted to the active enzyme with thromboplastin and, furthermore, inhibited the activation of purified native Auto-III with thromboplastin. Auto-11 Im was also not converted to the active enzymewhen the procoagulants consisted of purified Factor VIII, purified Factor IXa, platelet factor 3 and calcium ions. The “activation peptide” released by RVV-X from the NH₂-terminal end of the heavy chain and the active enzyme (Auto-Cm) were purified. Auto-III was also activated with purified RVV-X. The same “activation peptide” was isolated, but Auto-C was obtained instead of Auto-Cm. Purified Factor IX developed anticoagulant activity when reacted with an optimum concentration of purified thrombin. A suitable reagent for the assay of Factor IX was prepared by removing prothrombin complex from anticoagulated bovine plasma and restoring the prothrombin and Auto-III concentration with use of the respective purified proenzymes.     

重组人促红细胞生成素纯化工艺的优化

采用堆积床生物反应器,用无血清培养基培养分泌重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）的工程细胞株ZK9703.所收集的上清,采用阴离子交换层析－反相层析－分子筛层析三步纯化工艺路线,分别用Q－Sepharose XL-C4-S-200（方法Ⅰ）和DEAE Sepharose FF-Source-S-200(方法Ⅱ）纯化3批产品,所得EPO纯度达98％以上,体外比活性大于1.3^10^5IU/mg。方法Ⅰ、方法Ⅱ纯化过程的EPO体外活性回收率分别为23.56%和28.57%。本纯化方法Ⅱ工艺纯化日程短,分离效果好,EPO体内、体外活性回收率较高,更适合于大规模生产重组人促红细胞生成素。     

重组蛋白质亲和标签的选择与串联亲和纯化的应用进展

重组蛋白质技术作为蛋白质研究的重要手段之一,在生物化学与生物物理学研究领域,扮演着极其重要的角色.亲和纯化作为最为方便与快捷的重组蛋白质纯化手段,日益得到广泛的应用.由于各种亲和标签,纯化介质层出不穷,性质各异.应根据自身研究对象具体情况选择合适的亲和纯化标签.近年双亲和标签进行串联亲和纯化日益成为蛋白质相互作用研究的重要方法.多种亲和标签的搭配已得到成功应用,部分已进入商业化,并在各种模式生物中得到广泛的应用,本文就重组蛋白质亲和标签的选择与串联亲和纯化作一综述.     

Auxin Extraction and Purification Based on Recombinant Aux/IAA Proteins

Background

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) extraction and purification are of great importance in auxin research, which is a hot topic in the plant growth and development field. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is frequently used for IAA extraction and purification. However, no IAA-specific SPE columns are commercially available at the moment. Therefore, the development of IAA-specific recognition materials and IAA extraction and purification methods will help researchers meet the need for more precise analytical methods for research on phytohormones.

Results

Since the AUXIN RESISTANT/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID INDUCIBLE (Aux/IAA) proteins show higher specific binding capability with auxin, recombinant IAA1, IAA7 and IAA28 proteins were used as sorbents to develop an IAA extraction and purification method. A GST tag was used to solidify the recombinant protein in a column. Aux/IAA proteins solidified in a column have successfully trapped trace IAA in aqueous solutions. The IAA7 protein showed higher IAA binding capability than the other proteins tested. In addition, expression of the IAA7 protein in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells produced better levels of binding than IAA7 expressed in E. coli.

Conclusion

This work validated the potential of Aux/IAA proteins to extract and purify IAA from crude plant extracts once we refined the techniques for these processes.

     

伴侣分子（GroE）纯化及其催化的重组蛋白质折叠反应

我们自Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ细胞中纯化出ＧｒｏＥＬ和ＧｒｏＥＳ,对其有活性的分子状态和反应条件进行了探索,结果表明,只有在等摩尔的ＧｒｏＥＬ和ＧｒｏＥＳ以及１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＡＴＰ和适当浓度的Ｋ＋存在时;才会有较高的催化折叠效率,它可使ｌｍｇ／ｍｌ的ＩＬ－２的正确折叠率由３０％提高到５８％,使ＩＬ－２和ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的比活性提高１倍以上。它提高重组蛋白质正确拆叠率的关键是可以降低折叠过程中形成聚合体。     

亲和标签在重组蛋白表达与纯化中的应用

亲和标签融合技术为重组蛋白的纯化提供了一种简单方便的纯化工具,具有结合特异性高、洗脱条件温和、通用性强、纯化倍数高等显著优点。概述了亲和标签对融合蛋白表达的影响,可以提高重组蛋白的产量,增强重组蛋白的可溶性,促进重组蛋白的正确折叠;回顾了在重组蛋白表达与纯化中广泛使用的几种亲和标签,以及近年来相继出现的几种比较新颖的纯化标签;介绍了亲和标签的组合使用策略,His6-MBP组合标签集合了两个标签的优点,串联亲和纯化可以纯化获得生理条件下的蛋白质复合体;展望了亲和标签未来的发展趋势,认为仍需继续开发性能更加优越、纯化效果更加显著的纯化标签系统。     

脯氨酰顺－反异构酶的纯化及对重组蛋白质折叠反应的催化性能

脯氨酰异构是蛋白质折叠反应的限速步骤之一,体内被脯氨酰顺－反异构酶(PPI)所催化．为了研究PPI在重组蛋白体外折叠复性中的作用,我们自猪肾脏中纯化了PPI,并对重组蛋白的酶促折叠过程进行了探讨．结果表明,PPI催化的重组蛋白的折叠反应主要是提高了它们的折叠速率,而不增加正确折叠率和比活性,PPI在很低的浓度下即有很高的催化活性．     

重组人小分子抗体ScFv-Fc发酵条件的优化及纯化

目的:研究重组人小分子抗体ScFv-Fc在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件,以及ScFv-Fc的纯化方法。方法:分别从甲醇浓度、pH、诱导时间等方面对毕赤酵母重组菌株产生ScFv-Fc的发酵过程进行了优化;通过硫酸铵沉淀结合protein A亲和层析柱,对ScFv-Fc的纯化方法进行了研究。结果:确定ScFv-Fc在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件为:在pH5.2的条件下,以0.5%甲醇诱导72 h。经过protein A亲和层析柱纯化后,ScFv-Fc纯度可达94%以上。结论:确定了ScFv-Fc在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件以及纯化方法,为重组抗体分子诊断、治疗试剂的开发以及抗体的人源化奠定了物质基础。     

重组人小分子抗体ScFv-Fc发酵条件的优化及纯化

目的：研究重组人小分子抗体ScFv—Fc在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件,以及ScFv—Fc的纯化方法。方法：分别从甲醇浓度、pH、诱导时间等方面对毕赤酵母重组菌株产生ScFv-Fc的发酵过程进行了优化;通过硫酸铵沉淀结合proteinA亲和层析柱,对ScFv—Fc的纯化方法进行了研究。结果：确定ScFv—Fc在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件为：在pH5．2的条件下,以0．5％甲醇诱导72h。经过proteinA亲和层析柱纯化后,ScFv—Fc纯度可达94％以上。结论：确定了ScFv-Fe在毕赤酵母中分泌表达的最佳条件以及纯化方法,为重组抗体分子诊断、治疗试剂的开发以及抗体的人源化奠定了物质基础。     

A Depletion Strategy for Improved Detection of Human Proteins from Urine

With rapidly growing interest in the urine proteome, methods for reducing sample complexity are becoming increasingly important. Depletion strategies for removal of high-abundance proteins from human urine have not been reported. A commercial kit designed for depletion of abundant proteins from plasma was evaluated for removing top proteins from urine of patients with proteinuria. The number of low-abundance proteins identified in urine after depletion increased nearly 2.5-fold.     

重组人促红细胞生成素中试纯化工艺研究

采用堆积床生物反应器,用无血清培养基培养分泌ｒｈＥＰＯ的工程细胞株ＸＰ９５０１。所收集的上清液,经过快速离子交换层析—反相—分子筛层析纯化后,所得ＥＰＯ纯度达９９％以上,比活性为１－５×１０５ＩＵ／ｍｇ。整个纯化全过程的ＥＰＯ体内活性回收率为４６％。所纯化的ＥＰＯ分子量为３６ｋｄ,等电点为３－５。免疫印迹证明其有天然ＥＰＯ的免疫原性,Ｎ端１５个氨基酸序列分析与文献报道一致。本纯化工艺路线简单,时程短,重复性好,适合于大规模生产重组人促红细胞生成素。     

毕赤酵母表达体系中重组蛋白的分离纯化

随着基因重组技术的快速发展,基因工程产品的利用越来越广泛,但其分离纯化的成本约占总成本的60%～70%.因此,探索一些简单有效的分离纯化方法尤为必要.简单介绍了目前较为流行的毕赤酵母表达体系,着重概述了重组蛋白分离纯化技术方法的应用情况.     

衣藻叶绿体表达重组蛋白及表达优化策略

近年来,转基因技术已日趋成熟,医学、工业上的应用也越来越广泛。以重组蛋白为基础的药物治疗是目前医药生产领域发展最快的一项技术。它们的高特异性和低副作用使得治疗效率十分突出。但是重组蛋白表达的复杂性也给生产带来了一定限制。为了促进重组蛋白的应用,人们对适宜其表达的系统和能促进其表达的策略进行了探索。研究发现,衣藻叶绿体作为重组蛋白的生物反应器,能实现重组蛋白快速、高效、低成本生产。同时,衣藻能在人工培养基和人为控制的条件下生长,降低了受污染的风险,与传统的生产系统比较具有不可比拟的优越性。因此,衣藻叶绿体作为医药重组蛋白生物反应器在未来的生物技术领域将发挥巨大作用。     

An Improved Strategy for Efficient Expression and Purification of Soluble HIV-1 Tat Protein in E.coli

Although the endogenous function of Tat has been elucidated in the past twenty years, the study of its exogenous activity has been hampered due to the difficulty of large scale preparation of the active Tat protein. To express the full-length Tat protein in E.coli, the tat gene was cloned from an HIV infected patient by overlapping PCR. Rare codon usage analysis showed that rare E.coli codons, especially consecutive rare codons for Arg, account for 14% （14 of 101） rare E.coli codons in the tat gene. The expression of the HIV-1 tat gene was verified to be very poor in strain BL21 （DE3） due to the abundance of rare codons; however, tat gene expression was found to be very efficient in the host strain of Rosetta-gami B （DE3）, which was supplemented with six rare tRNAs for Arg, Leu, Ile and Pro. Subsequent purification revealed that the proteins are soluble and unusually, the tagged Tat can form dimers independent of cystine disulfide bonds. The purity, integrity and molecular weight of the Tat protein were demonstrated by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Reporter gene activating assay was further confirmed by investigating the transactivation activity of the recombinant Tat protein. Our improved strategy for efficient high level expression and purification of soluble Tat protein has paved the way to fully investigate its exogenous function.