EPIDEMIOLOGY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN LIGHT OF SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH RESEARCH

The present article identifies how social determinants of health raise two categories of philosophical problems that also fall within the smaller domain of ethics; one set pertains to the philosophy of epidemiology, and the second set pertains to the philosophy of health and social justice. After reviewing these two categories of ethical concerns, the limited conclusion made is that identifying and responding to social determinants of health requires inter-disciplinary reasoning across epidemiology and philosophy. For the reasoning used in epidemiology to be sound, for its scope and (moral) purpose as a science to be clarified as well as for social justice theory to be relevant and coherent, epidemiology and philosophy need to forge a meaningful exchange of ideas that happens in both directions.     

灵长类社会行为的生态选择

因为“乱交”和父子关系模糊,北非猕猴的高强度雄－婴照料（ＩＭＣ）超越性／亲选择理论和范围,而使行为灵长类学界陷入理论困境。我们发现藏猕猴雄性酱机会是等级和年龄依赖的,因而父－子认知程度明显高于北非猕猴,但二者有相似的ＩＭＣ和贫乏生境,昭示了行为－生境的逻辑联系。峨眉山藏猕猴除秋季有猕猴属动物果实和竹笋供应外,其他季节不得不以树叶和青草薄壁细胞中少量的单糖为能源。有趣的是,它们的断奶期起点交配也集中