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One hundred consecutive patients admitted to the National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, with pressure sores were studied to assess the relative importance of factors known to predispose to the development of scores. Loss of feeling was critical, because patients were unable to appreciate pain when the sore was developing. Risk of developing a sore increased with age, but duration of the paralysis was of equal importance. After discharge from hospital the presence of a caring relative or friend was essential for survival. Many patients developed sores because of poor facilities at home or inappropriate advice from those who looked after them. An even more distressing factor was the number of patients who developed sores in hospital owing to inadequate nursing care. There are relatively few paralysed patients in the community, but the lessons learnt in this study may be applied to all patients with orthopaedic injuries and to geriatric patients with limited mobility. Nursing and medical staff must turn patients regularly and ensure that there is proper equipment to relieve pressure on the skin. Patients should not be allowed to sit in a chair if they develop a sacral or trochanteric sore. More effort should be directed towards the appropriate education of patients, their relatives, and all those who are concerned with their welfare.  相似文献   

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A prospective study of fractures of the femoral neck was conducted over 12 months in order to ascertain the relevance of generalised osteoporosis as determined by metacarpal morphometry. A series of some 200 women sustaining a fracture of the femoral neck after minor trauma had bone mass measurements similar to those of a control population of normal women, and 16% were not osteoporotic. A history of previous fractures was documented in one third of the women, but this was unrelated to the presence or severity of osteoporosis, although over half of the fractures had occurred within the previous four years. Trochanteric fractures were seen more commonly in severely osteoporotic women (p less than 0.005), whereas cervical fractures predominated in those who were not osteoporotic. These findings support the hypothesis that postural instability is the major determinant for femoral neck fracture and that generalised osteoporosis, rather than being a prerequisite for fracture, merely determines the type of fracture sustained.  相似文献   

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A prospective blind trial was undertaken to assess the usefulness of commonly used tests to diagnose osteomyelitis underlying pressure sores. Sixty-one pressure sores were studied, with a histopathologic diagnosis from the ostectomy specimen being available in 52. White cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, plain pelvic x-ray, technetium-99m bone scan, computerized tomography, and Jamshidi needle bone biopsy were studied. The most useful individual test was a needle bone biopsy, with a sensitivity of 73 percent and a specificity of 96 percent. Technetium-99m bone scans and computerized tomography are not indicated in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis associated with pressure sores. Plain pelvic x-ray, white cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, with a diagnosis of osteomyelitis if any test is positive, is the most sensitive (89 percent), specific (88 percent), noninvasive workup. Jamshidi needle biopsy may be useful where these tests are negative and a clinical suspicion of osteomyelitis remains. Extent of surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy can then be rationally decided on the basis of this information.  相似文献   

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A technique was developed to create a reproducible femoral neck fracture in vitro using 5-month-old JW/CSK series male rabbits. Force attenuation of a newly developed damping material was also evaluated using this model. Ten pairs of the femora with smaller deviations in length and weight were harvested and cleaned of soft tissue. Either a right or left of each pair of the specimens was randomly selected and put into either the control or the experimental group, both of which contained equal numbers of the right and left femora. The specimens were attached to an L-shaped plate and embedded in a resin from the proximal diaphysis to the distal end so as to maintain a consistent position of the femora. They were mounted and fixed on a pedestal slanted in the coronal plane at 20 degrees. The impact load testing was conducted using an impact mallet dropped from a height of 3 cm. The impact load was applied onto the femoral head. To the specimens in the experimental group, attenuated impact forces were loaded through the damping material, but those in the control group were subjected to forces directly transmitted without the material. All the impact testing was performed in a temperature and humidity controlled chamber. All of the femoral specimens exposed to the direct impact forces (controlled group) sustained fracture at the neck. The fracture line passed from the base of the femoral head laterally and to the calcar area just proximal to the minor trochanter medially. The location of each fracture line was almost identical among the specimens. None of the specimens that were exposed to the impact force through the damping material (experimental group) sustained fracture macroscopically and roentgenographically.  相似文献   

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The risk of pressure sores developing in patients admitted with acute conditions was assessed by a simple risk score system based on age, reduced mobility, incontinence, pronounced emaciation, redness over bony prominences, unconsciousness, dehydration, and paralysis in a prospective clinical study. During seven months in 1977, 600 of 3571 patients were classified as at risk. Of these 35 (5.8%) developed sores compared with five (0.2%) of those not at risk. The results of this study compared with those over the same period in 1976 show that close observation of at-risk patients and early detection of pressure sores prevents their development.  相似文献   

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目的:探讨昏迷患者压疮发生的原因,预防及治疗护理的措施.方法:回顾性总结38例昏迷患者压疮的临床资料并加以分析.结果:昏迷患者是压疮发生的高危人群之一,昏迷患者压疮防治护理技术十分复杂.结论:压迫时间过长致局部供血不足是昏迷患者压疮形成的诸多因素中最主要因素,不同时期压疮的治疗护理既有相同处,又各有侧重点,周密的护理可以预防压疮的发生.  相似文献   

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目的:探讨应用微创动力髋部螺钉(DHS)与常规DHS治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床效果.方法:老年股骨转子间骨折患者74例,其中应用微创DHS 40例(微创DHS组),常规DHS34例(常规DHS组),比较两组手术切口、手术时间、术中失血量、术中输血比例、血红蛋白变化量、住院天数、骨折愈合时间以及髋关节功能优良率.结果:两组病人均获得12~24月的随访,所有骨折均愈合,无不愈合病例及死亡病例.微创DHS组手术切口、手术时间、术中输血比例、血红蛋白变化量和住院天数均低于常规DHS组(P<0.05或P<0.01).但是两组患者的骨折愈合时间以及髋关节功能优良率均无明显差别(P>0.05).结论:使用微创DHS和常规DHS治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效相当,但微创DHS治疗有手术切口小、手术时间短、失血量少和住院时间短等优点.  相似文献   

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目的:探讨加压空心钉内固定治疗老年人股骨颈骨折的临床应用.方法:回顾采用患髋蛙式位C臂机透视下闭合复位,经皮三枚加压空心钉内固定治疗老年股骨颈骨折78例临床资料进行综合分析,评估手术疗效,总结经验.结果:78例病例平均随访3.5年,股骨头坏死4例,骨折不愈合3例,其中螺钉松动1例.参照Harris评分标准进行髋关节功能评价,优59例,良7例,可5例,差7例.优良率为84.6%.结论:患髋蛙式位C臂机透视下闭合复位,经皮三枚加压空心钉内固定治疗老年新鲜股骨颈骨折,具有操作简单、创伤小、疗效可靠、费用低等优点,提高了老年患者的生活质量和生命价值,是治疗老年股骨颈骨折的一种较理想的、微创的且较经济的方法.  相似文献   

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We report a study on the surgical management of 145 pressure sores in 115 patients treated in a spinal cord injury center. There is a definite trend toward better education of these patients, who do not develop their first pressure sores until years following the injury. When the patient comes in for an ulcer, he is usually healthy and the ulcer is small and clean. In such instances the ulcer can be excised and closed, preferably with a myocutaneous flap, and the patient can usually begin sitting by the 21st post-operative day. In the ideal setting he may be discharged to his home on a custom-fitted (for pressure) cushion within 4 to 5 weeks, without increasing the risk of recurrence. Prophylaxis for the future is, probably, the most essential part of the treatment.  相似文献   

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Two patients with moderate renal failure sustained spontaneous bilateral hip fractures during treatment with fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D for osteoporosis. They had been taking sodium fluoride (40-60 mg/day) for 11 and 21 months, respectively. Histological examination of a specimen of the bone showed severe fluorosis in the first case, and quantitative analysis of bone showed osteomalacia and skeletal fluorosis in the other case. These abnormalities were considered to be the consequence of excessive retention of fluoride due to renal insufficiency. As bilateral femoral neck fractures are very rare these data suggest a causal link between fractures and fluoride in patients with renal failure. Thus fluoride should be given at a lower dosage, if at all, to patients with even mild renal failure.  相似文献   

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of vitamin C treatment on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in salt-induced hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a normal rat diet, a high-sodium (8% NaCl) diet, a normal rat diet plus vitamin C treament (100 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)), or a high-sodium diet plus vitamin C treatment for 6 weeks. Salt loading significantly increased blood pressure, which was attenuated by vitamin C treatment. Aortic rings from the different groups were suspended for isometric-tension recording. The contractile response to noradrenaline was significantly increased in the salt-loaded rats. Vitamin C reduced the sensitivity of aortic rings to noradrenaline in rats on normal and high-sodium diets. In noradrenaline-precontracted rings, the relaxation response to acetylcholine, which was attenuated in the salt-loaded rats, was restored by vitamin C treatment. Pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) abolished the enhanced response to acetylcholine caused by vitamin C. The results suggest that the antihypertensive effect of vitamin C is associated with a reduction in vascular sensitivity to noradrenaline and enhancement of endothelium-dependent relaxation due to increased nitric oxide bioavailability.  相似文献   

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