Bel-7402细胞通过自噬逃避FAS/ActD诱导的凋亡

为了探究FAS抗体与放线菌素D（actinomycin D,ActD）诱导肝癌细胞Bel-7402凋亡的作用机制,通过自噬阻断剂3-MA的作用,来探讨自噬与凋亡的关系.利用电子显微镜和流式细胞仪观察细胞自噬及凋亡.结果表明,FAS/ActD在诱导细胞凋亡的同时伴有细胞自噬现象,在3-MA作用下,FAS/ActD所诱导的细胞自噬体减少,而凋亡现象严重.并且通过流式细胞仪分析表明,3-MA明显增高FAS/ActD所诱导的细胞凋亡率. Western印迹分析进一步显示,FAS/ActD能引起caspase-3激活产生断裂,同时刺激LC3和BECN1表达,而3-MA作用后自噬体减少,同时LC3和BECN1表达降低,但是caspase-3断裂带表达明显增加.以上结果提示,FAS/ActD诱导的Bel-7402细胞凋亡的同时伴有细胞自噬,Bel-7402细胞通过自噬逃避FAS/ActD诱导的凋亡.     

Ubiquitin B在HSP90抑制剂17-AAG诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞周期阻滞中的作用

目的 研究Ubiquitin B（Ubb）在热休克蛋白90（HSP90）抑制剂17-AAG诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞周期阻滞中的作用及机制.方法 不同浓度17-AAG处理HeLa细胞后,流式细胞术检测细胞周期分布,荧光分光光度法检测细胞蛋白酶体活性变化;Ubb siRNA 转染HeLa细胞后,Real Time PCR法检测Ubb干扰效应,Western 印迹检测细胞周期相关蛋白的表达改变.结果 17-AAG可以诱导HeLa细胞阻滞于G2/M期,同时显著增强细胞内糜蛋白酶样蛋白酶体活性,并且两者的变化均呈现剂量依赖性;干扰HeLa细胞内Ubb后,可以逆转17-AAG引起的G2/M期阻滞;17-AAG可明显下调HeLa细胞周期相关蛋白Cdk1和Hec1的表达,并且这一变化也是Ubb依赖的.结论 Ubb在17-AAG诱导的HeLa细胞周期阻滞中发挥重要作用,Ubb和HSP90抑制剂17-AAG在功能上相互关联,可能成为宫颈癌治疗的新靶点.     

CDK1 siRNA干扰在Taxol诱导细胞凋亡中的作用

目的研究转染细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶1（cyclin．dependent kinase1,CDK1）siRNA、以及转染后进行凋亡刺激对细胞周期和凋亡的影响,探讨CDK1在细胞凋亡中的确切作用,揭示细胞周期与细胞凋亡协调的分子机制。方法以人宫颈癌细胞株HeLa细胞为研究对象,脂质体转染CDK1siRNA,转染后48h加紫杉醇（Tax01）（20μg／m1）刺激凋亡,Western印迹检测CDK1和抗凋亡蛋白BCL2表达,AnnexinV／PI法检测细胞的凋亡,流式细胞仪分析DNA含量检测细胞周期。结果转染CDK1 siRNA后,CDK1蛋白的表达下降,细胞周期G2／M期比例增加,细胞凋亡率与对照相比没有明显升高。只加Taxol刺激12h后细胞凋亡率增加并伴有S期和G2／M期比例增加。转染CDKlsiRNA后再用Taxol刺激,其细胞凋亡率没有明显改变,G2／M期阻滞效应也没有叠加。BCL2蛋白只在加Taxol刺激组表达下降,与CDK1表达减少没有相关性。结论siRNA沉默导致的CDK1表达降低只导致细胞周期G2／M期阻滞,没有引起细胞凋亡;CDK1的表达降低对紫杉醇所诱导的细胞周期阻滞和细胞凋亡效应没有明显影响。     

Nutlins类似物NL-86诱导HeLa细胞凋亡的研究

目的 观察新型Nutlins类似物NL-86在体外诱导宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡的作用,并初步探讨其作用的分子机制.方法 采用MTT法检测NL-86化合物对HeLa细胞增殖的影响;用 FITC-Annexin V及碘化丙锭（PI）双染法,通过流式细胞仪（FCM）检测NL-86诱导HeLa细胞凋亡情况;用Western 印迹检测PARP[poly（ADP-ribose）polymerase]、pro-caspase 3、8、9的变化,并利用活力检测试剂盒检测caspase 3、8、9的活力,初步确定其诱导凋亡的通路.结果 不同浓度的NL-86 对于HeLa细胞的存活率均具有一定影响,并以浓度依赖的方式诱导HeLa细胞凋亡;随着NL-86浓度的增加,PARP被切割、HeLa 细胞pro-casepase 3、8的含量下降,但 pro-caspase 9无变化.活力测定结果显示caspase 3、8被激活,caspase 9无变化.结论 NL-86化合物能够有效地在体外诱导HeLa 细胞凋亡,且可能依赖于caspase 3、8相关的死亡受体凋亡途径,为进一步研发治疗宫颈癌等肿瘤疾病的药物奠定了实验基础.     

Tagitinin D诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的作用机制研究

菊科植物肿柄菊中富含tagitinin D,该化合物具有较强的抑制肿瘤细胞的作用。本文研究了tagitinin D诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的作用机制。采用克隆形成实验检测细胞成瘤能力、流式细胞仪测细胞周期及凋亡,DCFH-DA探针测活性氧的水平及Western blot检测ER stress相关蛋白表达。结果表明,tagitinin D抑制细胞成瘤,将细胞周期阻滞在G2/M期,诱导细胞凋亡,使细胞内ROS积累,增加了ER stress伴侣蛋白PDI、Calnexin、Ero1-Lα、Bip的表达并激活了IRE1α和PERK信号通路。综上所述tagitinin D依赖于ROS途径激活ER stress诱导细胞凋亡。     

TBP-like Protein(TLP)通过G_2/M期阻滞抑制HeLa细胞的增殖

TBP-like protein(TLP)是真核细胞中一种常见的转录因子,在调节生长发育方面起着重要的作用。该实验构建重组质粒pEGFP-N1-TLP,研究TLP对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa增殖的影响。利用流式细胞仪检测质粒的转染效率,通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察外源TLP蛋白的亚细胞定位。经过MTT检测、RNAi-TLP诱导的基因沉默及Hoechst33258染色研究TLP对HeLa细胞的增殖抑制作用。流式细胞术、Western blot和RT-PCR实验结果表明,TLP将HeLa细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期,并抑制周期相关基因CDK1和CyclinB1的转录和翻译。研究表明,外源TLP在HeLa细胞的细胞核中表达,通过降低细胞周期相关基因CDK1和CDK1的表达水平,将HeLa细胞的细胞周期阻滞于G2/M期,从而抑制细胞的增殖。     

三氧化二砷诱导人宫颈癌HeLa细胞凋亡及Bcl-2保护作用的机制研究

探讨三氧化二砷 (As₂ O₃)对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞的生物学效应和Bcl -2的高表达对这一效应的影响 .通过MTT ,克隆形成实验 ,形态观察 ,流式细胞仪 ,DNA凝胶电泳 ,细胞凋亡原位检测 (TUNEL) ,RT PCR ,Northernblot,Westernblot等方法发现As₂ O₃明显降低HeLa细胞存活率 ,并诱导其凋亡和细胞周期G2 /M期阻滞 ,分析显示As2 O3可能主要通过抑制c -myc基因和病毒致瘤基因的表达来诱导HeLa细胞凋亡 .Bcl -2的高表达也可能正是通过降低As₂ O₃对G2 /M期阻滞 ,逆转As₂ O₃对c -myc基因的降调节 ,减轻As₂ O₃对病毒致瘤基因的表达抑制作用 ,来部分阻止这种凋亡的发生 .我们还发现As₂ O₃能引起Bc1-2高表达HeLa细胞G2 /M期的弱阻滞 ,降调Bcl -2的表达以及略微抑制病毒致瘤基因的表达 ,这可能是As₂ O₃仍能诱导Bcl -2高表达HeLa细胞凋亡的原因 .     

TBP-like Protein（TLP）通过G2／M期阻滞抑制HeLa细胞的增殖

TBP—likeprotein（TLP）是真核细胞中一种常见的转录因子,在调节生长发育方面起着重要的作用。该实验构建重组质粒pEGFP—N1．TLP,研究TLP对人宫颈癌细胞HeLa增殖的影响。利用流式细胞仪检测质粒的转染效率,通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察外源TLP蛋白的亚细胞定位。经过MTT检测、RNAi—TLP诱导的基因沉默7LHoechst33258染色研究TLP对HeLa细胞的增殖抑制作用。流式细胞术、Westernblot和RT-PCR实验结果表明,TLP将HeLa细胞周期阻滞于G2／M期,并抑制周期相关基因CDKl和CyclinBl的转录和翻译。研究表明,外源TLP在HeLa细胞的细胞核中表达,通过降低细胞周期相关基因CDKl和CDKl的表达水平,将HeLa细胞的细胞周期阻滞于G2／M期,从而抑制细胞的增殖。     

维生素C诱导人宫颈癌Caski细胞凋亡及其分子机制的研究

为了研究维生素C对人宫颈癌Caski细胞体外抑制、诱导凋亡的作用及其分子机制,使用不同剂量维生素C处理人宫颈癌Caski细胞,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测药物对细胞增殖的抑制作用;流式细胞仪检测Cas-ki细胞周期变化;琼脂糖电泳法观察凋亡细胞DNA Ladder现象;Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax和E6的表达以及Caspase 3的激活;荧光染色观察细胞线粒体膜电位的改变.分析发现,维生素C可显著抑制人宫颈癌Caski细胞增殖,呈现明显的时间和剂量依赖性;将细胞阻滞于S期;诱导细胞凋亡,下调Bcl-2和E6、上调Bax蛋白表达,促进Caspase3活化,降低线粒体膜电位.表明维生素C在体外可有效抑制人宫颈癌Caski细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡.     

抗酶1基因转染对HeLa细胞增殖及细胞周期的抑制作用

研究抗酶(antizyme)1对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖与细胞周期的影响,并分析抗酶1对细胞周期蛋白D1(cyclin D1)的表达影响.采用定点突变技术,将抗酶1的frameshift位点缺失,随后将突变基因重组至真核表达载体pEGFP-N1中,鉴定后转染HeLa细胞.通过MTT法检测细胞增殖变化,流式细胞术分析抗酶1对细胞周期的影响.RT-PCR和Western印迹检测抗酶1转染对细胞周期蛋白 D1基因表达的影响.酶切结果显示,抗酶1突变基因成功克隆至pEGFP-N1中.成功转染HeLa细胞后,检测结果显示,抗酶1能够减慢HeLa细胞增殖速度,并使细胞停滞于G₀/G₁期,细胞周期蛋白D1基因的表达同时受到抑制.实验说明,抗酶1基因能够抑制HeLa细胞增殖,通过降低细胞周期蛋白D1的表达阻滞细胞周期.     

CSE1L/CAS, a microtubule-associated protein, inhibits taxol (paclitaxel)-induced apoptosis but enhances cancer cell apoptosis induced by various chemotherapeutic drugs

CSE1L/CAS, a microtubule-associated, cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein, is highly expressed in various cancers. Microtubules are the target of paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. We studied the effects of increased or reduced CAS expression on cancer cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs including paclitaxel. Our results showed that CAS overexpression enhanced apoptosis induced by doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and tamoxifen, but inhibited paclitaxel-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Reductions in CAS produced opposite results. CAS overexpression enhanced p53 accumulation induced by doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, tamoxifen, and etoposide. CAS was associated with alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin and enhanced the association between alpha-tubulin and beta-tubulin. Paclitaxel can induce G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and microtubule aster formation during apoptosis induction, but CAS overexpression reduced paclitaxel-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and microtubule aster formation. Our results indicate that CAS may play an important role in regulating the cytotoxicities of chemotherapeutic drugs used in cancer chemotherapy against cancer cells.     

Anti-tumor activity of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) inhibitor embelin in gastric cancer cells

This study investigated the anticancer effects of embelin in human gastric cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Gastric cancer cells were treated with embelin and 5-FU for methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium bromide cell viability assay and flow cytometric detection of cell viability and apoptosis. Protein pathway array (PPA) and Western blot were used to investigate differentially expressed proteins in embelin-treated gastric cancer cells. Embelin reduced gastric cancer cell viability, induced apoptosis, and enhanced 5-FU antitumor activity in gastric cancer cells. Mechanistically, embelin induced cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases. Molecularly, embelin downregulated expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and cell cycle-regulatory proteins, such as CDK1, CDC25B, CDC25C, cyclinB1, and CDK2. PPA analysis showed that embelin modulated several pathways that are associated with cell growth and apoptosis, such as PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, p38 MAPK, and p53. The data from the current study implied that reduction of gastric cancer cell viability after treatment with embelin was through cell cycle arrest at the S and G2/M phases and apoptosis.     

FTY720 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of rat glomerular mesangial cells

The present study aimed to examine the effect of FTY720, a new immunosuppressive agent, on the proliferation and apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMC), and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Cultured rat GMC were treated by FTY720, and the cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle progression were examined. Furthermore, cell cycle related gene expression profile was analyzed by cDNA microarray, and the protein expression of cell cycle related genes as well as Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by Western blot. The results showed that FTY720 inhibited GMC proliferation and induced apoptosis of GMC in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and induced G(1) phase cell cycle arrest in GMC in a dose-dependent manner as well. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that FTY720 regulated the expression of cell cycle-related gene. Western blot analysis showed that FTY720 induced the downregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4, Bcl-2 and E2F1 and the upregulation of Kip1/p27, Cip1/p21, Bax and Rb in GMC in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrated that FTY720 could inhibit the proliferation of GMC through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, probably via the regulation of the expression of cell cycle-related genes and Bax/Bcl-2.     

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr induces cell cycle arrest at the G(1) phase and apoptosis via disruption of mitochondrial function in rodent cells

Vpr of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 causes cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M phase and induces apoptosis after G(2)/M arrest in primate cells. We have reported previously that Vpr also induces apoptosis independently of G(2)/M arrest in human HeLa cells. By contrast, Vpr does not induce G(2)/M arrest in rodent cells, but it retards cell growth. To clarify the relationship between cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, we expressed Vpr endogenously in rodent cells and investigated cell cycle profiles and apoptosis. We show here that Vpr induces cell cycle arrest at the G(1) phase and apoptosis in rodent cells. Vpr increased the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-9, but not of caspase-8. Moreover, Vpr-induced apoptosis could be inhibited by inhibitors of caspase-3 and caspase-9, but not by inhibitor of caspase-8. We also showed that Vpr induces the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol and disrupts the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Finally, we showed that apoptosis occurred in HeLa cells through an identical pathway. These results suggest that disruption of mitochondrial functions by Vpr induces apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at G(1), but that apoptosis is independent of G(2)/M arrest. Furthermore, it appears that Vpr acts species-specifically with respect to induction of cell cycle arrest but not of apoptosis.     

Molecular evidence of anti-leukemia activity of gypenosides on human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro and in vivo using a HL-60 cells murine xenograft model

We have shown that gypenosides (Gyp) induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in many human cancer cell lines. However, there are no reports showing that show Gyp acts on human leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro and in a murine xenograft model in vivo. In the present study effects of Gyp on cell morphological changes and viability, cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in vitro and effects on Gyp in an in vivo murine xenograft model. Results indicated that Gyp induced morphological changes, decreased cell viability, induced G0/G1 arrest, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis (sub-G1 phase) in HL-60 cells. Gyp increased reactive oxygen species production and Ca²⁺ levels but reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Gyp also changed one of the primary indicators of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to the promotion of ATF6-α and ATF4-α associated with Ca²⁺ release. Gyp reduced the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax due to an increase in the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and inhibited levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Oral consumption of Gyp reduced tumor size of HL-60 cell xenograft mode mice in vivo. These results provide new information on understanding mechanisms by which Gyp induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.     

Effect of sodium butyrate on cell proliferation and cell cycle in porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells

Conflicting results have been reported that butyrate in normal piglets leads either to an increase or to a decrease of jejunal villus length, implying a possible effect on the proliferation of enterocytes. No definitive study was found for the biological effects of butyrate in porcine jejunal epithelial cells. The present study used IPEC-J2 cells, a non-transformed jejunal epithelial line to evaluate the direct effects of sodium butyrate on cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Low concentrations (0.5 and 1 mM) of butyrate had no effect on cell proliferation. However, at 5 and 10 mM, sodium butyrate significantly decreased cell viability, accompanied by reduced levels of p-mTOR and PCNA protein. Sodium butyrate, in a dose-dependent manner, induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and reduced the numbers of cells in S phase. In addition, relative expression of p21, p27, and pro-apoptosis bak genes, and protein levels of p21Waf1/Cip1, p27Kip1, cyclinD3, CDK4, and Cleave-caspase3 were increased by higher concentrations of sodium butyrate (1, 5, 10 mM), and the levels of cyclinD1 and CDK6 were reduced by 5 and 10 mM butyrate. Butyrate increased the phosphorylated form of the signaling molecule p38 and phosphorylated JNK. In conclusion, the present in vitro study indicated that sodium butyrate inhibited the proliferation of IPEC-J2 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase of cell cycles and by increasing apoptosis at high concentrations.     

Evodiamine Induces G2/M Arrest and Apoptosis via Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Pathways in H446 and H1688 Human Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells

The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of EVO to decrease cell viability and promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Lung cancer has the highest incidence and mortality rates among all cancers. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for SCLC; however, the drugs that are currently used for SCLC are less effective than those used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, it is necessary to develop new drugs to treat SCLC. In this study, the effects of evodiamine (EVO) on cell growth, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were investigated in the human SCLC cell lines NCI-H446 and NCI-H1688. The results represent the first report that EVO can significantly inhibit the viability of both H446 and H1688 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. EVO induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, induced apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of caspase-12 and cytochrome C protein, and induced the expression of Bax mRNA and by down-regulating of the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA in both H446 and H1688 cells. However, there was no effect on the protein expression of caspase-8. Taken together, the inhibitory effects of EVO on the growth of H446 and H1688 cells might be attributable to G2/M arrest and subsequent apoptosis, through mitochondria-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pathways (intrinsic caspase-dependent pathways) but not through the death receptor-induced pathway (extrinsic caspase-dependent pathway). Our findings suggest that EVO is a promising novel and potent antitumor drug candidate for SCLC. Furthermore, the cell cycle, the mitochondria and the ER stress pathways are rational targets for the future development of an EVO delivery system to treat SCLC.     

脱氢表雄酮调节HepG2/GFP-HBx细胞p16基因甲基化及其与细胞周期和凋亡的相关性

目的探讨HBx与p16基因甲基化的关系,研究脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）对p16基因甲基化以及细胞周期和细胞凋亡的调节作用。方法以HepG2、HepG2/GFP和HepG2/GFP-HBx三种细胞为材料,采用MTT法检测细胞生长;流式细胞术检测细胞周期和凋亡率;MSP-PCR检测p16基因甲基化水平。比较分析HBx与p16基因启动子甲基化、DHEA与各检测指标的关系。结果HepG2/GFP-HBx细胞与HepG2细胞和HepG2/GFP细胞相比,细胞的增殖速度提高（P〈0.05）,G0/G1期细胞减少,S期细胞增多（P〈0.05）,凋亡率降低（P〈0.05）;HepG2/GFP-HBx细胞的p16基因启动子呈现高水平甲基化,HepG2和HepG2/GFP细胞呈现高水平非甲基化。100μmol/L的DHEA使三种细胞的增殖速度降低（P〈0.05）,G0/G1期细胞增加,S期细胞减少（P〈0.05）,凋亡率提高（P〈0.05）。DHEA可下调HepG2/GFP-HBx细胞的p16基因启动子甲基化水平,但对HepG2和HepG2/GFP细胞的p16基因启动子甲基化水平不产生影响。结论HBx引起肝癌细胞p16基因甲基化,并缩短细胞周期抑制细胞凋亡;DHEA可明显下调HBx引起的p16基因甲基化水平,延长细胞周期促进细胞凋亡,在无HBx基因整合的情况下,DHEA对肝癌细胞生长、细胞周期和凋亡的影响不通过p16基因甲基化的途径实现。