药物对病毒感染培养心肌细胞Ca~（2＋）内流及CVB_3－RNA复制的影响

应用放射性同位素￣（４５）Ｃａ￣（２＋）示踪技术及光敏生物素标记ｃＤＮＡ探针杂交方法,观察了维拉帕米、黄芪、地塞米松等药物对感染柯萨奇Ｂ＿３病毒（ＣＶＢ＿３）的大鼠培养心肌细胞Ｃａ￣（２＋）内流及细胞中ＣＶＢ＿３－ＲＮＡ复制的作用。结果发现：在病毒感染４８ｈ,上述三药均可显著减少感染细胞及正常对照的心肌Ｃａ￣（２＋）内流（Ｐ＜０．０１和Ｐ＜０．０５）;若在病毒感染后即加入上述药物,经４８ｈ培养后,黄芪组细胞中的ＣＶＢ＿３－ＲＮＡ含量显著少于病毒对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１）,维拉帕米则显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）．而地塞米松对其无影响。提示黄芪与地塞米松具有一种与维拉帕米相似的减少病毒感染心肌Ｃａ￣（２＋）内流的作用,有可能减轻感染细胞的继发性Ｃａ￣（２＋）损伤;但三种药物对感染细胞中病毒核酸的复制有不同作用,可作为临床治疗病毒性心肌炎时的参考。     

钙离子对江浙蝮蛇蛇毒中性磷脂酶A2溶液构象的研究

用荧光光谱方法研究了钙离子对江浙蝮蛇毒中性磷脂酶Ａ２（简称ＮＰＬＡ２）构象的影响。结果表明,Ｃａ２＋能使酶中唯一的色氨酸残基的荧光增强：只有在Ｃａ２＋存在时,底物卵磷脂才明显改变酶分子中Ｔｒｐ周围的环境,使其光谱的兰移达７ｎｍ,荧光增强约一倍：酶中唯一的Ｈｉｓ残基被修饰以后,则没有上述两种现象发生;结合在ＮＰＬＡ２上的ｂｉｓＡＮＳ的荧光强度,随Ｃａ２＋浓度的增加而增强,提示Ｃａ２＋对ｂｉｓ－ＡＮＳ结合区域的构象有明显影响。     

培养乳鼠心肌细胞自发性〔Ca~（2＋）〕_i瞬间变化的实验模型

使用Ｃａ￣（２＋）敏感的荧光指示剂Ｆｕｒａ－２／ＡＭ,对培养的心肌细胞测定细胞内Ｃａ￣（２＋）的瞬间变化。结果为,在一个心搏周期中,经过大约１８０ｍｓ的时间,［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］＿ｉ瞬间变化达到最大值,然后恢复到基线水平（最小值）,经历了２６０ｍｓ。测得平均［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］＿ｉ瞬间变化的最大值及最小值分别为３４６±３８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ和１０２±１８ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。血管紧张素Ⅱ１００ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ引起［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］＿ｉ瞬间变化最大值明显增加,但对［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］＿ｉ瞬间变化的基线水平没有明显的影响。ｒｙａｎｏｄｉｎｅ３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ使［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］＿ｉ瞬间变化的幅度明显降低。ＫＣｌ５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ使［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］＿ｉ瞬间变化完全停止,并明显增加［ｃａ￣（２＋）］＿ｉ的基线水平。结果提示,本实验模型可用来观察［Ｃａ￣（２＋）］＿ｉ的瞬间变化。     

牛磺酸调节缺氧性肺、脑血管反应的机理研究

本实验从磷脂酶Ａ＿２（ＰＬＡ＿２）、前列腺素（ＰＧｓ）、白三烯（ＬＴｓ）和过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）方面探讨了牛磺酸调节肺、脑血管对急、慢性缺氧反应的机制。急性缺氧时狗出肺与出脑血中ＬＰＯ增加,ＰＬＡ,活性有升高趋势,但出脑与出肺（入脑）血相比无显著性差异。出肺与出脑血中ＬＴＣ＿４、ＴＸＢ＿２、６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）及ＴＸＢ＿２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）比值均升高。慢性缺氧大鼠肺、脑组织中ＰＬＡ＿２活性均升高。牛磺酸增加缺氧时６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ＿（１ａ）,减弱其它变化。提示牛磺酸对缺氧性肺缩血管反应的调节作用可能与降低缺氧时ＰＬＡ＿２活性,抑制脂质过氧化和ＬＴＣ＿４、ＴＸＡ＿２生成,降低ＴＸＡ＿２／ＰＧＩ＿２比值有关;而牛磺酸减弱缺氧性脑舒血管反应不是直接通过上述变化起作用的。     

亲和层析纯化肌质网Ca~（2＋）－ATP酶

建立了一种亲和层析纯化肌质网Ｃａ￣（２＋）－ＡＴＰ酶的方法．用非离子型去污剂Ｃ＿（１２）Ｅ＿８溶解肌质网,再通过反应红－１２０琼脂糖亲和层析柱使肌质网Ｃａ￣（２＋）－ＡＴＰ酶纯度从粗品中的６５％提高到９９％,并具有较高ＡＴＰ水解活性．经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,为电泳纯．     

糖皮质激素抑制加压素释放的细胞膜机制

利用离休孵育脑薄片和放射免疫测定其释放的精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）方法,探讨糖皮质激素（ＧＣ）在不能进入细胞内的情况下,对去肾上腺大鼠的下丘脑薄片释放ＡＶＰ的快速影响及其可能的细胞膜机制。结果如下：（１）下丘脑薄片能够稳定地释放ＡＶＰ（２ｈ）,其释放量为１５．４２±１．２８ｐｇ／ｍｉｎ;（２）牛血清白蛋白耦联皮质酮（Ｂ－ＢＳＡ）对ＡＶＰ的释放具有快速的（２０ｍｉｎ）抑制性效应,在１０￣（－７）─１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内呈剂量一效应关系;（３）ＧＣ细胞内受体拮抗剂ＲＵ４８６（１０￣（－４）─１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）能部分地阻断Ｂ─ＢＳＡ的快速抑制效应;（４）孵育液中Ｃａ￣（２＋）程度升高,Ｂ─ＢＳＡ的快速抑制效应明显增强;反之,孵育液中无Ｃａ￣（２＋）则Ｂ－ＢＳＡ的快速抑制效应有所减弱。表明ＧＣ在未进入细胞内的情况下也可快速地抑制大鼠下丘脑薄片释放ＡＶＰ,因此没有通过传统的基因组机制,而是由非基因组机制介导的,其作用部位在细胞膜水平上,可能是影响Ｃａ￣（２＋）的跨细胞膜内流通量或／和影响有Ｃａ￣（２＋）参与的ＡＶＰ释放过程的结果。     

苹果果肉质膜微囊主动运输Ca2+的Ca2+-ATP酶特性

应用４５Ｃａ２ ＋ 示踪法研究了苹果果肉质膜微囊依赖于Ｃａ２＋ 的ＡＴＰ 酶（Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶）活性与Ｃａ２＋ 运输之间的关系及激素对该酶活性的影响。结果表明：Ｃａ２ ＋ＡＴＰ 酶存在于质膜上并受载体Ａ２３１８７ 刺激而活性增加,该酶活性与依赖于ＡＴＰ 的Ｃａ２ ＋ 运输依抑制剂ＥＢ、游离Ｃａ２＋ 和ＡＴＰ浓度的变化并呈极为相似的饱和动力学特征;而其ＥＢ 半抑制浓度,Ｃａ２＋ 和ＡＴＰ 半饱和浓度分别为０ ．１ ,０ ．１ 和５０ μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,从而证实了正是Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶推动苹果果肉质膜微囊的Ｃａ２＋ 的主动运输。生长素与萘乙酸均可促进苹果果肉质膜微囊Ｃａ２＋ＡＴＰ酶活性和Ｃａ２＋ 吸收,而赤霉素则无此作用。     

Ce~（3＋）与G－肌动蛋白结合引起的构象变化及对聚合的影响

用Ａｅｄａｎｓ标记肌动蛋白单体Ｇ－Ａｃｔｉｎ上Ｃｙｓ３７４残基作为探针,研究了稀土离子Ｃｅ~（３＋）与Ｇ－Ａｃｔｉｎ的结合及引起的微构象变化。Ｃｅ~（３＋）在低浓度（Ｃｅ~（３＋）／Ａｃｔｉｎ摩尔比＜１）和Ｃａ~（２＋）竞争Ｇ－Ａｃｔｉｎ上二价离子的高亲合位点。Ｃｅ~（３＋）取代Ｃａ~（２＋）引起Ａｅｄａｎｓ荧光强度增强与Ｍｇ~（２＋）取代Ｃａ~（２＋）的结果相同。Ｃｅ~（３＋）／Ａｃｔｉｎ＞ｌ则导致Ａｅｄａｎｓ荧光强度下降。说明Ｃｅ~（３＋）在高低两种浓度条件下结合的位点及对Ｃｖｓ３７４的微构象的影响不同。时间分辩测得的Ａｅｄａｎｓ荧光寿命也支持这一结论。ＣＤ谱结果表明Ｃｅ~（３＋）／Ａｃｔｉｎ＜０．４,Ａｃｔｉｎ的二级结构增加,大于０．４又导致其失去。Ｃｅ~（３＋）－Ａｃｔｉｎ在有／无游离ＡＴＰ时用聚合液诱导的聚合结果表明,无游离ＡＴＰ时,极低浓度Ｃｅ~（３＋）促进聚合,高浓度虽有促进但有所减弱;有游离ＡＴＰ时,Ｃｅ~（３＋）／Ａｃｔｉｎ在实验范围内促进聚合。     

4α－PDD、PMA对去甲肾上腺素促进大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞Ⅰa抗原表达的影响

本文采用Ｃａ~２＋指示剂的分光光谱法测定巨噬细胞（Ｍφ）内Ｃａ~２＋浓度（［Ｃａ~２＋］ｉ）、ＡＰＡＡＰ桥联酶标法检测Ｍφ膜上Ⅰａ抗原的表达,研究肌醇磷脂代谢中第二信使分子甘油二酯（ＤＧ）在去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ）促进ＭφⅠａ表达效应中的作用,以进一步探讨ＮＥ效应的跨膜信息传递机制。结果表明：蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）抑制剂４αＰＤＤ（２５μｇ／ｍｌ）虽不影响ＮＥ（１０￣－８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）升高Ｍφ［Ｃａ￣２＋］ｉ的效应,却显著减弱了ＮＥ促进ＭφⅠａ抗原表达的效应;而ＰＫＣ激动剂ＰＭＡ（１０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ）本身促进ＭφⅠａ抗原表达的作用不明显,也不能进一步增强ＮＥ促进ＭφⅠａ抗原表达的效应。结果提示：ＤＧ激活的ＰＫＣ系统也参与了ＮＥ促进ＭφⅠａ抗原表达的信息传递过程,并与另一第二信使分子肌醇－１,４,５－三磷酸（ＩＰ＿３）介导的Ｃａ￣２＋途径协同发挥作用。     

磷脂酶A2对中性粒细胞趋化和粘附的影响

胰源性１４×１０￣３ｕ磷脂酶Ａ＿２（ＰＬＡ＿２）在体外同大鼠中性粒细胞（ＰＭＮ）培养６０ｍｉｎ后,细胞对ＴＮＦ趋化增强,培养１０ｍｉｎ后上清液中血栓素（ＴＸＢ＿２）含量比正常增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。前列环素（ＰＧＩ＿２）含量不变。ＰＬＡ＿２激动剂Ａ２３１８７也能显著加强中性粒细胞对ＴＮＦ的趋化,并伴有ＴＸＢ＿２释放增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）。此外,ＰＬＡ＿２和Ａ２３１８７还显著增强ＰＭＮ对玻璃珠的粘附活性。使用ＰＬＡ＿２抑制剂二溴苯乙酮（ＰＢＰＢ）和ＰＬＡ＿２多克隆抗体可抑制外源性ＰＬＡ＿２对ＰＭＮ趋化和粘附的增强作用,但对Ａ２３１８７的调节作用无效。以上结果表明ＰＬＡ＿２激活及其代谢产物可能介导ＰＭＮ趋化和粘附作用。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418