维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化物和抗氧化物酶的影响

为研究维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化物和抗氧化物酶的影响 ,我们设置了 4个实验组 ,采用 2 4只小鼠 ,饵料中 35 %维生素C多聚磷酸酯的添加量依次为 0、 5 0 0、 2 5 0 0和 5 0 0 0mg/kg ,喂食 4周后取其肝脏 ,用硫代巴比妥酸分光光度测脂质过氧化物的含量 ,用亚硝酸盐形成法测定超氧化物歧化酶的活性 ,用分光光度法测过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性。结果表明 ,维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化物没有明显影响 ,但随着维生素C多聚磷酸酯添加量的增加 ,脂质过氧化物有减少的趋势。维生素C多聚磷酸酯添加量为 2 5 0 0和 5 0 0 0mg/kg的两组 ,其超氧化物歧化酶的活性明显高于对照组和维生素C多聚磷酸酯添加量为 5 0 0mg/kg组 ;过氧化氢酶的活性明显高于对照组。维生素C多聚磷酸酯添加量为5 0 0 0mg/kg组 ,其谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性明显高于其它三组。表明高剂量的维生素C多聚磷酸酯能促进小鼠抗氧化物酶的活性 ,但促进不同抗氧化物酶活性所需的维生素C多聚磷酸酯的量不同     

维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠肝脏抗氧化物酶基因转录的影响

为研究维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠肝脏脂质抗氧化物酶基因转录的影响,将24只3-4周龄、体重为16-22g的健康雄性小鼠随机分为4组,分别在饵料中添加0、500、2500和5000mg/kg的35%维生素C多聚磷酸酯,喂食4周后取其肝脏,用Trizol法抽提总RNA,利用RT-PCR方法对小鼠肝脏超氧化物歧化酶基因、过氧化氢酶基因和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因的mRNA进行分析。结果表明,维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠肝脏抗氧化物酶基因的转录有显著性影响(P<0·05)。维生素C多聚磷酸酯添加量为2500和5000mg/kg的两组,过氧化氢酶基因的mRNA水平明显高于对照组;维生素C多聚磷酸酯添加量为2500和5000mg/kg的两组超氧化物歧化酶基因的mRNA水平明显高于对照组,其中5000mg/kg组的mRNA水平明显高于其它三组;维生素C多聚磷酸酯添加量为5000mg/kg组,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶基因的转录活性明显高于其它三组(P<0·05)。研究结果表明:高剂量的维生素C多聚磷酸酯能促进小鼠抗氧化物酶基因的转录活性,但促进不同抗氧化物酶基因转录所需的维生素C多聚磷酸酯的量不同。     

维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠抗热应激能力的影响

为研究维生素C多聚磷酸酯对小鼠抗热应激能力的影响 ,将 4 8只 3～ 4周龄、体重为 16～ 2 9g的健康雄性小鼠随机分为 4组 (对照组、Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组 ) ,在其饵料中分别添加 0、 5 0 0、 2 5 0 0和 5 0 0 0mg/kg的35 %维生素C多聚磷酸酯。喂食 4周后 ,每组取一半小鼠处死取其肝脏 ,另一半置于 (35± 1)℃条件下 ,2 4h后作同样处理。用硫代巴比妥酸分光光度法测肝脏脂质过氧化物 (LPO)的含量 ,用亚硝酸盐形成法测超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活性 ,用分光光度法测过氧化氢酶 (CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)的活性。经热应激与未经热应激相比 ,LPO :对照组和Ⅰ组显著升高 ,而Ⅱ和Ⅲ组无显著差异。SOD和GSH Px :对照组显著下降 ,其他 3组无显著差异 ;其中SOD :Ⅱ和Ⅲ组显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组 ,GSH Px :Ⅲ组显著高于其他 3组。CAT :对照组和Ⅰ组显著降低 ,而Ⅱ和Ⅲ组无显著差异 ;Ⅱ和Ⅲ组显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组。表明热应激促进了小鼠肝脏LPO的产生 ,抑制了抗化物酶的活性 ;而维生素C多聚磷酸酯对热应激造成的不利影响有缓解作用。     

富硒酵母对铁过量导致小鼠肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的:对铁过量引发肝脏损伤的小鼠应用不同剂量的富硒酵母所起到的保护作用进行研究。方法:利用腹腔注射方法,向小鼠体内注射过量的铁元素,经过6周的诱导之后导致小鼠肝脏受损,然后给予小鼠不同剂量的富硒酵母进行治疗。分别观察每组小鼠肝脏内丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的含量和活性,以及对细胞凋亡所造成的影响。结果:本次实验当中,与对比组相比,采取每天给予40药物治疗的研究Ⅱ组小鼠肝组织中的丙二醛含量明显下降,同时也使得超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性明显提高,减少细胞凋亡情况;而采用每天给予20或60的研究Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组肝组织内的丙二醛含量明显提升,同时也使得超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性明显降低,增加了细胞凋亡情。结论:富硒酵母的药效具有一定的浓度指向,应该根据实际治疗目的选择不同的药物浓度,这样才能够有效提升治疗效果。     

植物提取物槲皮素调节小鼠的能量代谢和氧化应激

为了探讨植物提取物槲皮素对负重游泳小鼠的能量代谢和氧化应激的影响,本研究将45只SPF级雄性昆明小鼠随机分为正常对照组、游泳组和槲皮素组,每组15只。槲皮素组小鼠喂养2 g/kg的槲皮素饲料,其他组小鼠喂养标准饲料,共喂养14 d。然后将游泳组和槲皮素组小鼠按照体重的3%进行负重游泳1 h,测定各组小鼠的血糖、乳酸、尿素氮、游离脂肪酸、琥珀酸脱氢酶、三磷酸腺苷、丙二醛、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总抗氧化活性。结果显示,负重游泳后,槲皮素组血清乳酸和尿素氮水平显著低于游泳组,并且槲皮素组游离脂肪酸水平显著高于游泳组。负重游泳后,游泳组小鼠的肝脏和肌肉组织中的琥珀酸脱氢酶含量均显著降低,槲皮素组小鼠游泳后未见明显降低。负重游泳后,游泳组小鼠肌肉组织中的ATP酶活性显著降低,槲皮素组小鼠游泳后未见明显降低。负重游泳后,槲皮素组的丙二醛含量显著低于游泳组。游泳组和槲皮素组小鼠负重游泳后的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量均显著降低,槲皮素组小鼠的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量未见明显降低。游泳组小鼠血清总抗氧化活性显著低于对照组,而槲皮素组与对照组无显著差异。本研究初步表明,槲皮素可调节负重游泳小鼠的能量代谢来起到抗疲劳作用,主要机制与增加脂肪动员、抑制蛋白质分解和加强三羧酸循环有关。另外,槲皮素可通过抑制脂质过氧化、清除超氧阴离子自由基来防止运动过程中的氧化应激损伤。     

富硒平菇干粉对小鼠的脏器指数与抗氧化能力的影响

目的探讨富硒平菇干粉对小鼠的脏器指数与抗氧化能力的影响。方法将60只20g左右的健康昆明种小鼠随机分为6组。1组为对照组;2组为亚硒酸钠组;3组为普通平菇干粉组;4～6组为富硒平菇干粉组,分别在基础日粮中添加低、中、高浓度的富硒平菇干粉。30d后测定小鼠脏器指数与肝脏和血浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果富硒平菇干粉可显著提高小鼠脾脏、胸腺和肝体指数;可显著提高小鼠肝脏与血浆中GSH-Px、SOD的酶活,降低小鼠肝脏和血浆中MDA含量。结论富硒平菇干粉可显著提高小鼠脏器指数与抗氧化能力。     

慢性镉暴露对背角无齿蚌肝脏的氧化损伤效应

目的:探明氯化镉(CdCl2)暴露对背角无齿蚌肝脏中抗氧化酶活力及脂质过氧化的影响。方法:根据背角无齿蚌96 h镉离子(Cd²⁺)半致死剂量设置1个对照组和2个处理组(0.1和0.5 mg/L),分别检测镉暴露4周及镉清除4周期间背角无齿蚌肝脏中抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]的活力和脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:不同浓度Cd²⁺暴露对背角无齿蚌抗氧化酶活力及脂质过氧化产生不同程度的影响,低浓度Cd²⁺暴露的毒性效应较弱,高浓度Cd²⁺暴露可显著抑制肝脏SOD活力,诱导GPx活力升高,在暴露后期显著抑制CAT活力,MDA含量随着暴露时间的延长而显著升高。结论:慢性Cd²⁺暴露可影响背角无齿蚌肝脏抗氧化酶活力,引起脂质过氧化损伤,且作用机制与急性毒性不同。     

微囊藻细胞抽提物亚慢性暴露导致小鼠肝脏氧化应激

研究了微囊藻细胞抽提物亚慢性暴露对小鼠肝脏抗氧化系统的影响.采用腹腔注射进行连续染毒28d,染毒组剂量为3.3μg micmcystins/kg体重.结果显示,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氧酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶在第4周时发生显著性升高,提示微囊藻细胞抽提物激活了小鼠肝脏抗氧化系统.谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和对照组相比也显著提高,表明谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶作为解毒Ⅰ相酶加快了对肝脏微囊藻毒素的清除.脂质过氧化产物丙二醛也显著升高,说明抗氧化系统未能清除微囊藻细胞抽提物对小鼠肝脏的氧化损伤,导致了氧化应激的产生.结果表明低剂量微囊藻细胞抽提物长时间暴露能够导致小鼠肝脏氧化损伤.     

云芝提取物对改善小鼠胃肠功能的作用

以大黄水煎剂建立小鼠胃肠功能损害模型,探讨云芝提取物和其中的白桦脂酸对小鼠胃肠功能的影响以及白桦脂酸对小鼠在脂质过氧化方面的影响。研究结果表明云芝提取物和白桦脂酸能够较为显著地提高胃蛋白酶活性,增加胃泌素和胃酸分泌量（P<0.01）;同时白桦脂酸高低剂量组能够明显降低小鼠血浆中丙二醛的含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性以及肝脏匀浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物的含量（P<0.01）。说明云芝提取物和白桦脂酸能够有效地改善小鼠的胃肠功能,且抗脂质过氧化是云芝活性成分白桦脂酸治疗作用机制之一。     

槲皮素对力竭运动后体内脂质过氧化物和抗氧化酶的影响

为了探讨连续10 d摄入槲皮素对力竭运动后体内抗氧化酶与脂质过氧化物的影响,我们选取了50名健康男大学生,采用随机双盲交叉实验法,使其连续摄入10 d槲皮素(Quercetin,QE)(2×500)mg/d,或安慰剂(Placebo,PL)后,进行单次激烈运动(75%VO2 max)至力竭,在运动前与运动后30 min和60 min采集血液,进行生化值分析。数据显示,力竭运动后QE组与PL组男大学生体内抗氧化酶,包括超氧歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)与过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性变化无显著差异(p0.05);另外,体内脂质过氧化物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的浓度,虽然PL组在运动后30 min显著高于运动前(p0.05),但运动后30 min两组间仍未达显著差异(p0.05)。因此短期增补QE对体内抗氧化酶SOD、CAT与脂质过氧化物MDA并无影响。     

Antibiotics in the treatment of wounds in the victims of the earthquake in the Armenian SSR

Purulent wounds in 88 victims of the Armenian earthquake with the syndrome of long-term squeezing were examined microbiologically and the experience with using antimicrobial drugs for their treatment was analyzed. In all the cases microbial associations were detected, coliform and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, enterococci, anaerobes and yeast-like fungi being isolated from 80, 20, 15 and 25 per cent of the patients respectively. 130 bacterial strains were studied in detail. 80 to 100 per cent of the bacterial isolates were resistant to the antibiotics routinely used in surgical practice, i.e. benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, levomycetin, kanamycin, cephalothin and cefazolin and highly sensitive to new antimicrobial drugs belonging to ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and cephalosporins of the 3rd generation (cefoperazone and ceftazidime). Retrospective estimation of the antibiotic therapy revealed its inadequacy in 55.7 per cent of the patients for the most part because of the isolates resistance. The 19 variants of the antibiotic use prescribed by the physicians mainly included penicillins, aminoglycosides and their combinations (in 67.2 per cent of the cases). The use of the highly efficient drugs of the groups of ureidopenicillins and quinolones was extremely rare which was likely due to lacking of information on the drugs.     

Histogenesis of the taste buds of the vallate papilla in the in the rat in the postnatal stages of development

The developing taste buds of vallate papillae were studied with electron microscope in rats during the first 7 days after birth. Two types of cells--light and dark--are identified in the taste buds of a one day old animal. The apical parts of dark cells are characterized by numerous dark granules. A distinguishing feature of light cells is the presence of synaptic contacts with afferent intragemmal nerves. On the 4th day of development on the top of the apical parts of the cell, a microvillar apparatus is seen to form, which does not yet communicate with the oral cavity. On the 7th day, basal cells appear in the taste buds. Some of these cells are seen mitotically dividing. The differentiated microvillar apparatus now communicates with oral cavity. The structure of the taste buds is getting similar to that in the adults. The structural and functional peculiarities of the developing taste buds are discussed in association with the period of ontogenesis under consideration.     

Changes in the size of the nucleoli of the Purkinje cells in the canine cerebellum in the postresuscitation period

The changes in the size of Purkinje cell (PC) nucleolus in the lateral and medial cerebellum zones were studied in dogs with different degree of neurologic status recovery after clinical death of various etiology and duration. PC always possess one nucleolus in the control and experimental groups. In the case of complete neurologic status recovery of animals the area of PC nucleolus increases in both zones studied, irrespective of the cause of clinical death. In the case of neurologic disorders the increase in PC nucleolus area is clearly expressed only in the medial zone of the cerebellum, being insignificant in the lateral zone. It is suggested that adaptive characteristics of PC are distinct in the two compared zones, which leads to greater PC vulnerability in the lateral zone during deep hypoxia.     

Frequency of the stages in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat

This study determined the optimum number of tubules to be counted per testis cross section, and the number of animals per treatment group, when changes in stage frequencies in the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium are criteria for assessing effects of treatment on spermatogenesis. A data base of 9,672 observed and staged tubules was collected from testicular cross sections of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. A significant variation between animals was found for the frequencies of Stages I, II, IV, VI, VIII, and XIII. Computer simulation was used to randomly select different combinations of animal and tubule numbers from the observed data. Stage frequency means from each simulation experiment were compared statistically to observed mean frequencies. A model that used data from all 14 stages was analyzed. The following conclusions were made: a) a minimum of 200 tubule cross sections/testis is recommended for estimating stage frequencies; b) for a fixed number of tubules scored, the number of animals sampled is more important than the number of tubules per animal in reducing variance; c) to detect a difference of 2 standard deviations from the mean with a 2% error rate and examining 200 tubules/testis, at least 12 animals must be used per group when assessing all 14 stages; d) when individual stages are examined using 10 animals per group, only Stage VII has 80% or greater power of test (alpha = 0.05) to detect a frequency difference; e) pooling stages into 3-4 groups is recommended to improve the power of detecting a treatment difference.     

Psychological Attributes of the Culture of the Ukrainians in the Modern Stage of the Development of Society and Trends in Changes in These Attributes in the Post-Soviet Period

The authors of the article focus on the transition of the former Soviet state of Ukraine to a market economy. One aspect of the analysis is the cultural values and attitudes of the citizens in a new situation. Market economy and entrepreneurship demand new types of motivation and individual values from people. A challenge for social psychology in the country is the further elaboration of methodological basis of research.     

Immunohistochemistry of the cytoskeleton in the excurrent ducts of the testis in birds of the Galloanserae monophyly

The presence, location and degree of immunoexpression of various microfilament (MF) and intermediate filament (IF) systems (actin, cytokeratins, desmin, vimentin) were studied in the excurrent ducts of the testis in sexually mature and active galliform (Japanese quail, domestic fowl, turkey) and anseriform (duck) birds. These proteins were variably expressed between the epithelia and periductal tissue (periductal smooth muscle cell layer and interductal connective tissue) types and between species. Variable heterogeneous co-expression of filament systems was also found in the various duct epithelia and periductal tissue types: co-expression of filament systems was the rule rather than the exception. In the duck, neither vimentin nor cytokeratin was present in any of the tissues, whereas actin and desmin (absent in the rete testis) were co-expressed in the efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit (comprising the ductus conjugens, ductus epididymidis and ductus deferens). Actin, desmin and vimentin were generally co-expressed in the rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit of the quail, domestic fowl and turkey, with vimentin being more strongly immunoreactive than actin and desmin in the epididymal duct unit, but more weakly immunoexpressed in the efferent ducts. Cytokeratin was present and co-expressed with actin, desmin and vimentin in the rete testis, efferent ducts and epididymal duct unit of the domestic fowl and turkey, but not in the quail and duck. The periductal smooth muscle cell layer and interductal tissue co-expressed actin, desmin and vimentin variably in all birds. Luminal spermatozoa of both the turkey and duck were immunonegative for all protein systems, whereas those of the quail and domestic fowl co-expressed actin, desmin and vimentin moderately or strongly. The tissues of the reproductive tract of male birds thus contain cytoskeletal protein systems that are variably but mostly co-expressed and whose contractile ability appears necessary and sufficient for transportation through the various excurrent ducts of the voluminous testicular fluid and its high sperm content, characteristic features of male avian reproduction.