Cellular aspects of pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Role of cardiomyocyte polyploidy and activation of nuclear antigen of the proliferating cell in myocardium

For a comparative analysis of cytomorphological characteristics of hypertrophied interventricular septum (IVS), both patients different ages with severe courses of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (OHCMP) were examined, including children, and patients with essential arterial hypertension (EAH). The course of OHCMP in children as compared with adults was found to be characterized by considerable IVS hypertrophy that was accompanied by an acceleration of cardiomyocyte polyploidization. The mean ploidy level of cardiomyocytes in children with OHCMP was higher than in adult patients. The mean ploidy level of nuclei, the number of prolipherative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive nuclei, and the number of polyploid cardiomyocyte nuclei in adult patients with OHCMP were significantly higher statistically than in patients with EAH. The PCNA-positive labels in stromal cells were revealed only in patients with OHCMP. The obtained data indicate an important role of cardiomyocyte polyploidy and of activation of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen in development of myocardial hypertrophy in patients with OHCMP.     

Determination of binding constants of lipopolysaccharides of different structure with chitosan

The interaction of endotoxins--lipopolysaccharides (LPS) different in degree of the O-specific chain polymerization--with 20- and 130-kD chitosan was studied using the competitive binding of LPS with the complex of chitosan-anionic dye (tropaeolin 000-2) and the direct binding of (125)I-labeled LPS with chitosan immobilized on Sepharose 4B. The interaction of 20-kD chitosan with LPS was non-cooperative, and immobilization of the polycation on Sepharose resulted in its binding to (125)I-labeled LPS with a positive cooperativity. The interaction of LPS possessing a long O-specific chain with 130-kD chitosan was characterized by negative cooperativity. Binding constants of LPS with the polycation and the number of binding sites per amino group of chitosan were determined. The interaction affinity and stoichiometry of the LPS-chitosan complexes significantly depend on the LPS structure and concentration in the reaction mixture. The increase in the length of carbohydrate chains of LPS results in increase in the binding constants and decrease in the bound endotoxin amount.     

Two types of haemolytic activity of detergents

The nonionic detergent Triton X-100 at concentrations of about 0.003 to 0.008% causes swelling followed by the haemolysis of erythrocytes suspended in 160 mM KCl. The rate of haemolysis increases with the increase in detergent concentration. Finally all the erythrocytes are haemolysed. The resistance of erythrocytes to this detergent decreases with an increase in temperature. The effect of Triton X-100 is explained by increased membrane permeability to KCl and colloid osmotic haemolysis. The anionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), at concentrations of about 0.003 to 0.001% causes the haemolysis of a certain number of erythrocytes. This number increases with an increase in detergent concentration. The resistance of erythrocytes to SDS increases with an increase in temperature. The effect of SDS is explained by direct disruption of membranes by the detergent.     

Influence of partial deproteinization on the cytochemical properties of DNP of lymphocyte nuclei

Fixed lymphocytes from mouse lymphatic nodules were treated on histological preparations with sodium chloride solutions of varying molarity. The extracts were investigated electrophoretically and were found to contain all histone fractions after treatment with 1.5 M NaCl solution and only the histone F1 after treatment with 0.6 M solution. The cytochemical properties of the cells with histones removed were investigated. The experiments showed that histone removal resulted in a marked increase of nucleic capacity to bind AO, and in a significant decrease of DNP thermal stability of these cells in denaturation test. To establish the role played by histone F1 in the course of cell activation this histone was removed from lymphocytes in states of different activity. The experiments showed that after treatment with 0.6 M sodium chloride the difference in AO-binding of cells in states of different activity disappeared. The data obtained confirm the hypothesis about histone-DNA separation at early stages of chromatin activation and suggest that the early change in physico-chemical properties of chromatin are connected with the separation of lysine-rich histone F1.     

不同光合特性大豆叶的比较解剖研究

本研究选取不同光合速率的品种‘黑农 2 6’(高产低光效 )、‘黑农 40’、‘黑农 41’(高产高光效 )为材料 ,于大豆开花后的不同生育时期 ,对大豆的功能叶片、叶柄解剖学进行了研究。结果表明 :(1 )不同类型大豆的叶肉结构有明显区别。叶片厚度依次为‘黑农 40’ >‘黑农 41’ >‘黑农 2 6’。各期的基本趋势是一致的。栅栏组织的厚度和层数与叶片的厚度趋势一致。 (2 )各品种栅栏组织中的叶绿体数目均多于海绵组织 ,且高光效类型多于低光效类型。局部观察不同品种间 ,叶绿体内的基粒和间质片层结构高光效的也明显优于低光效的品种。 (3 )气孔包含数量和大小两个因素 ,气孔大小基本一致 ,下表皮数量 >上表皮 ,高光效类型 >低光效类型。 (4)各品种主脉维管束中木质部的导管数目依次为‘黑农 41’ >‘黑农 40’ >‘黑农 2 6’。     

中华蟾蜍蝌蚪对高渗溶液的耐受性

为了解中华蟾蜍蝌蚪对高渗溶液的耐受性,采用常规静态实验,用蔗糖调节溶液渗透压对蟾蜍蝌蚪进行渗透耐受实验;采用方差分析统计溶液渗透压对蟾蜍蝌蚪的存活率、体积变化和活动性的影响。结果显示,蟾蜍蝌蚪能够忍受溶液渗透压在一定范围内的变化,对渗透压较低的溶液其适应对策为调节,而对渗透压较高的溶液则为协变。蝌蚪对水溶液的耐受渗透压为1485．24mOsm,其存活率随渗透压增高而降低;同一渗透压下,蝌蚪存活率随在溶液中暴露时间的延长而降低。蟾蜍蝌蚪体内水分在不同浓度溶液中丧失的程度存在显著差异,即使在同一浓度的溶液中,体积会随时间的增加而不断缩小,并且溶液浓度越高,体积减小的速率越大。身体失水对蝌蚪的行为性会产生一定的影响,蝌蚪的活泼性随时间的延长而降低。     

Detection of lipopeptide complexes in lipid fractions of Proteus mirabilis

Covalently bonded complexes of phospholipids with peptides were detected in the lipid fractions of Proteus mirabilis. The lipopeptides were developed with ninhydrin after treating thin-layer chromatograms with H1 or 0.1 N HCl at 100 degrees C for 4 hours. The complexes can be chromatographed in silicic acid unfixed layers using neutral or weakly acidic systems of solvents. The complexes break down in layers fixed with gypsum or treated with diluted alkali solutions. The complexes can contain several phospholipid molecules which make them soluble in organic solvents. The lowest proportion between phospholipids and peptide components was 4:1. Apparently, the complexes contain O-ester and pyrophosphoric bonds.     

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Dihydroquercetin Complexes with Biogenic Metal Ions

The antioxidant activity of dihydroquercetin (DHQ) complexes with zinc, copper(II) and calcium was studied in vitro in blood plasma of healthy donors. The state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in blood plasma was assessed by the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), diene (DC) and triene (TC) conjugates. The effect of DHQ and the complexes on the activity of the catalase enzyme in blood plasma was determined. It was found that DHQ complex with zinc ion reduces the MDA content in blood plasma by 14.9% compared with the control, which is twice as high as for DHQ (7.5%). The corresponding parameters of DHQ complexes with copper(II) and calcium ions were 11.2 and 3.7%, respectively. The effect of the complexes on the decrease in the DC and TC content in blood plasma compared with the control is comparable with the corresponding parameters for DHQ. The DHQ complex with zinc ion increases the catalase activity by 1.5% compared with DHQ. The complexes containing copper(II) and calcium ions increase the catalase activity no more than DHQ.     

Nature of inhibition of the activity of macromolecular antibodies]

The presence in the organism of an inhibitory factor expressing its activity under conditions of increased macromolecular globulins production (of M-immunoglobulins in particular) was established experimentally. The inhibitory factor depressed the avidity of the macromolecular antibodies; its appearance preceded reduction of the macromolecular protein level in the blood serum. The inhibitory effect of the blood serum in blood letting and vaccination with bacterial antigen is connected with the blood serum albumins, and with increased cystein and sulfhydryl groups concentration.     

Medico-genetic study of the population of Uzbekistan. VII. Variability of hereditary pathology in 4 regions of Khorezm province

Medical-genetic study was carried out in the population of Khorezm province (population size above 200 000 persons). Hereditary pathology was ascertained among families having two or more members affected with chronic non-infectious diseases. 155 families with 348 members affected with hereditary diseases were registered. The most frequent were autosomal recessive diseases (55 nosological forms in 104 families with 271 affected), then followed the autosomal dominant conditions (10 nosological forms in 21 families with 53 affected). The less frequent was X-linked recessive pathology (6 forms in 12 families with 20 affected). The main part of cases of autosomal recessive pathology were found in separate families and were not observed during previous medical-genetic studies in Uzbekistan. Three autosomal recessive conditions are probably new forms of hereditary pathology. The important role of assortative matings in manifestation of rare autosomal recessive genes in Uzbek population is discussed.     

Fluorescence spectroscopy of single tryptophan mutants of apolipophorin-III in discoidal lipoproteins of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine

The structure of the exchangeable apolipoprotein, apolipophorin-III from Locusta migratoria, apoLp-III, is described as a bundle of five amphipathic alpha-helices. To study the interaction of each of the helices of apoLp-III with a lipid surface, we designed five single-Trp mutants, each containing a Trp residue in a different alpha-helix. The Trp residues were located in the nonpolar domains of the amphipathic alpha-helices. The kinetics of the spontaneous interaction of the mutants with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) indicated that all mutants behaved as typical exchangeable apolipoproteins. Circular dichroism in the far-UV indicated that all proteins have a high and similar helical content in the lipid-bound state. The interaction of the Trp residues with the lipid surface was investigated in recombinant lipoprotein particles made with DMPC. The properties of the Trp residues were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. These studies showed major changes in the spectroscopic properties of the Trp residues upon binding to lipid. These changes are observed with all single-Trp mutants, indicating that a major conformational change, which affects the properties of all helices, takes place upon binding to lipid. The position of the fluorescence maximum, the quenching efficiency of acrylamide as determined by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, and the fluorescence lifetimes of the single-Trp mutants suggest that helices 1, 4, and 5 interact with the nonpolar domains of the lipid. The properties of the Trp in helices 2 and 3 suggest that these helices adopt a different binding configuration than helices 1, 4, and 5. Helices 2 and 3 appear to be interacting with the polar headgroups of the phospholipids or constitute a different domain that does not interact with the lipid surface.     

Effect of metacercarial infection on some physiological traits of roach underyearlings

The influence of infection with trematode metacercariae on some physiological and biochemical characteristics has been studied in the underyearlings of roach. The parameters that were studied are found to depend on the parasite localization. The body length and weight values of infected underyearlings with muscular localization of metacercariae are lower than in uninfected fish and the glycogen content is higher. On the contrary, individuals with infected eyes display greater body length and weight when coupled with lower glycogen content in comparison with parasite-free fish. The infection with metacercariae has no effect on the activity of glycosidases. Different glycogen levels in the underyearlings with muscular and ocular localization of metacercariae are presumably linked with the locomotor activity of the fish.     

Role of Bruch's membrane in the process of metaplasia of the ocular pigmented epithelium of Xenopus laevis]

The metaplasia of pigmented epithelium into retina with the formation of nuclear and reticular layers took place in the experiments with wrapping a sheet of pigmented epithelium from tadpoles up in the Bruch's membrane of adult frogs X. laevis. The implant with de novo formed retina resembled the inverted eye. In those experiments where the Bruch's membrane of tadpoles came into contact with that of adults only depigmentation of the pigmented epithelium cells was observed. The pigmented epithelium metaplasia suggests that the Bruch's membrane is permeable not only for low molecular weight substances, but also for inducing agents. The adult Bruch's membrane serves in the process of metaplasia in the experiments described as a new and limiting system which ensures more orderly formation of new retina.     

Detection of ovarian cancer by determination of CA 125 in different patohistologycal types of tumor according to age

During the eighteen-year period in "Sestre milosrdnice" University Hospital Center, Zagreb, 271 women with ovarian tumor was studied. 229 women with ovarian cancer and 42 with borderline tumor. The pathohistological types of tumors were different. The age of the patients ranged from 20-83 years. In all patients the value of biochemical marker CA125 was determined. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of CA125 measurement in different age groups and in different patohistologycal forms of tumor. CA125 has proven to be positive in 89.1% of women with ovarian cancer and in 62% with neoplasm of low malignant potential. The higher values of CA125 were detected in younger women with low malignant tumor potential. Serous and metastatic tumor types were also associated with higher values of CA125.     

Ultraviolet absorbance of the mucus of a tropical damselfish: effects of ontogeny, captivity and disease

The ultraviolet (UV) absorbance of the mucus of a Great Barrier Reef damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis was investigated with regard to ontogeny and time spent in captivity. The UV absorbance of P. amboinensis mucus increased with fish size and decreased with time spent in captivity. The wavelength of maximum absorbance of the mucus did not change with fish size, but shifted towards shorter wavelengths with increasing time spent in captivity. The UV absorbance of the mucus of fish with 'fin rot' was compared to that of similar healthy individuals, and a significant decrease in UV absorbance of unhealthy fish mucus was detected; no wavelength shifting occurred. Pomacentrus amboinensis appears to sequester mycosporine-like amino acids from the diet in order to protect epithelial tissues from UV damage, and decreases in UV absorbance in captive fish were probably due to insufficient dietary availability.     

Heats of precipitation of calcium phytate

The heat of precipitation has been determined for the reaction, in aqueous solution, of calcium ion with the phytate anion. The reaction is endothermic. From the value of the equilibrium constant associated with the reaction, the entropy change has been calculated. The large, positive entropy change is consistent with the view that when calcium ion reacts with the phytate anion there is a decrease in the hydrophilic character of the phytate anion. The quantitative aspects of the interaction of phytic acid with calcium provides a rational basis for the understanding of the mechanism of metal deprivation by phytic acid.     

水葫芦苗(Halerpestes cymbalaris)的生长特征研究

以调查统计的方法在中国科学院海北定位站研究了高寒湿地植物水葫芦苗无性系的生长特征、形态特征以及能量分配规律。结果表明：匍匐茎只有1条的水葫芦苗最多,占35．29％,匍匐茎有4条的水葫芦苗只占8．82％。同一水葫芦苗无性系中,随着匍匐茎数目的增多,分株数、间隔子数、茎总长和匍匐茎比节问重变小。分株一般在第一级最高,末级较低;第1条匍匐茎的间隔子较长。随水葫芦苗匍匐茎数目的增多,用于无性繁殖的分株干重比例逐渐增加,用于有性繁殖的花的干重比例下降。水葫芦苗无性系这种生长特征、形态特征以及能量分配规律是其生物—生态学特性和所处高寒湿地生境共同决定的。     

齿瓣石斛多倍体的诱导初报

采用多倍体育种技术,对云南的野生热带兰花齿瓣石斛(Dendrobium devonianum)进行多倍体诱导试验。利用秋水仙素作为诱导剂,对二倍体试管苗进行诱导,在短期内培育出多倍体植株。用0.03%的秋水仙素处理齿瓣石斛丛生芽24h,其诱导效果最好。观察结果显示:多倍体齿瓣石斛材料在形态、气孔直径、染色体数目上都有变化。DNA指纹图谱等方面都发生了显著的改变。多倍体齿瓣石斛试管苗出现了植株粗壮、叶片增厚等优良性状。此研究是多倍体育种技术在我国热带兰花育种中的一次成功尝试。     

Selective reactivities of isocyanates towards DNA bases and genotoxicity of methylcarbamoylation of DNA.

The reactivities of methyl isocyanate (MIC) and phenyl isocyanate (PIC) with DNA, and the genotoxicity of MIC were investigated. MIC and PIC reacted with the exocyclic amino group of deoxycytidine, deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine to produce carbamoylated products. The reactions of both isocyanates with deoxycytidine were 2 and 4 orders of magnitude higher than with deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine, respectively. To explore the genotoxicity of MIC, M13mp9 RF DNA was modified with MIC and then introduced into E. coli. The plaque-forming efficiencies of DNA decreased with increasing dose levels, and the decreases were more pronounced in Uvr endonuclease-deficient strains (uvrA, uvrB and uvrC) than in the Uvr endonuclease-proficient strain, JM103. The differences in survival in JM103 and uvr- strains suggest that the methylcarbonyl adducts can be removed by the uvr excision-repair system. Modification of M13mp9 RF DNA with MIC induced MIC-dose-related, SOS-dependent mutations in the beta-galactosidase locus. These results demonstrate the genotoxic response of MIC-modified DNA in E. coli.     

1590名农村中老年人生存质量调查分析(英文)

目的:采用SF-36量表中文版评价农村中老年人生存质量,并为提高农村中老年人的生存质量和健康水平提供科学依据和建议。方法:采用随机抽样的方法,采用面对面访谈的形式,记分方法参照国际生存质量评价计划(IQOLA)的制定标准,评价其生理和心理健康状况。结果:1590名农村中老年人男性生存质量得分高于女性。经济水平对农村中老年人的生理健康的影响大于对其心理健康的影响。配偶健在的农村中老年人的各维度得分均高于无配偶者。农村中老年人的各维度得分随教育水平的升高呈升高趋势。结论:农村中老年人的生存质量与年龄成负相关,同时也受文化程度和经济水平等多个因素的影响。因而,对农村中老年人这一弱势群体应该给予更多关注。