制作竹类秆箨标本的新方法

秆箨作为鉴别竹类植物重要的营养器官 ,自然脱落后易卷或易破碎。常规的压制方式所制作的腊叶标本通常质量都不高 ,这给竹种的鉴定带来很大的困难。本文介绍一种新的秆箨腊叶标本制作方法 ,即熨斗熨烫法 ,并就这种方法对秆箨性状所产生的影响作了客观分析 ,结果表明 :它对保存秆箨分类性状有很大的改进 ,对标本质量有明显的提高     

制作竹类秆箨标本的新方法

秆箨作为鉴别竹类植物重要的营养器官,自然脱落后易卷或易破碎。常规的压制方式所制作的腊叶标本通常质量都不高,这给竹种的鉴定带来很大的困难。本文介绍一种新的秆箨腊叶标本制作方法,即熨斗熨烫法,并就这种方法对秆箨性状所产生的影响作了客观分析,结果表明：它对保存秆箨分类性状有很大的改进,对标本质量有明显的提高。     

竹亚科刚竹属植物的修订(Ⅳ)——Phyllostachys hispida的恢复及其近缘种的分类

在模式标本考证、居群调查和引种栽培的基础上,确认毛壳竹(Phyllostachys hispida S.C.Li,S.H.Wu et S.Y.Chen)与乌竹(P.varioauriculata S.C.Li et S.H.Wu)在新秆性状、秆箨颜色、箨舌高度及颜色、叶鞘毛被上有较大的区别,应作为独立的竹种看待。小叶光壳竹(P.varioauriculata var.glabrata G.H.Lai)也因新秆下部一段呈扁圆形、秆箨基部具长柔毛,叶片很小等特征而明显不同于乌竹,应提升为一个独立的竹种,但由于存在晚出同名问题而给出新名称P.microphylla G.H.Lai。同时还描述了毛壳竹的一新变种,即光壳竹(P.hispida var.glabrivagina G.H.Lai)。日本所产的姬淡竹与毛壳竹属于同一种系,因其学名P.humilis Muroi为一裸名,应予废弃。     

四川乌头属的修订

四川是我国乌头属Aconitum L.植物的重要分布区。本文对该地区的乌头属植物进行了分类修订。通过文献查阅、野外观察和标本室研究,对乌头属的形态性状在居群间和居群内的变异式样进行了比较分析,发现叶分裂程度、上萼片的形状和花梗毛被等性状是较为可靠的分种依据,但是在个别情况,这些性状也会在同一种的同一居群内或不同居群间发生变化。花瓣和种子的特征对于属下划分有重要意义。本文承认四川乌头属植物有46种11变种,另有2种和1变种暂存疑。29种和22变种降为异名;作出新组合2个,其中包括1个改级新组合。紫乌头A. delavayi Franch.和保山乌头A. nagarum Stapf为四川新分布记录。对康定乌头A. tatsienense Finet &; Gagnep.、川鄂乌头A. henryi Pritz.和狭裂乌头A. refractum (Finet &; Gagnep.) Hand.-Mazz.进行了后选模式的标定。初步澄清了东俄洛乌头A. tongolense Ulbr.和狭裂乌头等种类中长期存在的名实混乱。还给出了各个种的形态描述、地理分布以及分亚属、分系和分种检索表。     

岩参属的分类学界限及中国-喜马拉雅菊科二新属

本文是对中国-喜马拉雅地区的原莴苣属植物提出的分类订正。是笔者前一篇文章《莴苣属订正 及亚洲大陆菊科植物二新属》的续篇。文中建立了两个新属,即毛鳞菊属Chaetoseris Shih和细莴苣属Stenoseris Shih;文末及文中提供了本文所涉及的一些属种的分属和分种检索表。     

中国新锥秆蝇属种类(双翅目,秆蝇科)(英文)

对我国新锥秆蝇属的种类进行研究,记述1新种,即广西新锥秆蝇Neorhodesiella guangxiensis sp.nov.,并编制分种检索表。模式标本保存在中国农业大学昆虫博物馆。     

中国溲疏属的分类与地理分布

本文分析溲疏属的重要形态特征的演化趋势,讨论亲缘属的系统位置和地理分布及区系特点,分类系统的修订和补充,并编写了分种检索表。认为雄蕊不定数,花瓣覆瓦状排列,花丝无齿,子房半下位的是属于原始性状,而雄蕊定数,花瓣镊合状排列,花丝具齿,子房下位的是进化性状,因此新溲疏组应包括在溲疏属内,该组与中间溲疏组是原始类群,而溲疏组是进化类群。国产52种被分为2组,4亚组和17系。溲疏属基本上是属于北温带分布类型,而我国的横断山脉至秦岭南部和华中一带为本属的现代分布和分化中心。     

广西毛蕨属（金星蕨科）植物新资料

报道了广西毛蕨属Cyclosorus植物6个新记录种:三都毛蕨C.sanduensis,学煜毛蕨C.houi,缩羽毛蕨C.abbreviatus,毛囊毛蕨C.hirtisorus,巨型毛蕨C.subelatus,秦氏毛蕨C.chingii,并提供了广西产该属植物的分种检索表。     

竹子箨叶形态性状的种间差异及其与竹笋食味品质指标的关系

竹笋是大众喜爱的森林蔬菜,其食味品质存在种间差异,且出土前后品质存在明显的变异.箨叶是竹笋的重要器官,居于箨鞘顶端,是竹笋出土时最先感光部位,是否与竹笋食味品质变异密切相关?目前尚不清楚.为此,以同一地点、立地条件和人工干扰措施一致的6个属22个竹种为对象,分析了不同竹种箨叶形态性状和竹笋食味品质指标,为揭示竹笋食味品...     

中国赖草属植物的分类、分布的初步研究

确认了中国区域有赖草属植物20种, 2变种,划分为3个组,即多穗组、少穗组和单穗组,其中,多穗组为新组。编制了新的分种检索表,报道了种的地理分布,推测了中国赖草属植物的分布中心。     

中国苦草属(Vallisneria)植物命名考及区分要点

由于苦草属（Vallisneria L.）植物的繁殖器官微小,营养器官相似且变异较大,使该属植物的鉴定和命名较混乱。笔者通过对有关文献的考证和长期跟踪观察,对我国记载的苦草属3种植物——苦草（Vallisneria natans（Lour.）Hara）、刺苦草（V.spinulosa Yan）、密刺苦草（V.denseserrulata Makino）的命名历史进行了梳理,并对这3种植物的形态特征进行了详细描述。根据种间形态差异,可为苦草属植物的分类鉴定和相关研究提供一定的参考。     

A study of genetic variation and evolution of Phyllostachys (Bambusoideae: Poaceae) using nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Phylogenetic and taxonomic difficulties are common within the woody bamboos, due to their unique life cycle, which severely limits the availability of floral characters. To addresss some of these problems, 20 species of woody bamboos in the genus Phyllostachys were analyzed using nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The RFLP data were used to generate genetic distances between all pairs of taxa and to examine the degree of genetic variation within and among bamboo species. The genetic distances were also used to create dendrograms of accessions and species. These trees supported the current division of the genus into two sections and provided some information on the thorny taxonomic problems in this group. We show that RFLPs can be used for species identification and the delineation of species limits.     

Genetic Relationships Among 22 Taxa of Bamboo Revealed by ISSR and EST-Based Random Primers

Genetic relationships among 22 taxa of bamboo were evaluated using 12 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and four expressed sequence tag (EST)-based random primers, resulting in amplification of 220 loci. The grouping of species based on Jaccard's similarity matrix using UPGMA and principal coordinate analysis agreed with earlier published reports on molecular phylogenetic studies in bamboos with few deviations. In the dendrogram, however, species of one genus were placed in different clusters along with members of other genera. This calls for correct taxonomic delineation at the genus and species level using both vegetative and reproductive characters and correlation of molecular data with morphologically definable taxonomic groupings at the proper taxonomic level.     

Cauline anatomy of native woody bamboos in Argentina and neighbouring areas: epidermis

The presence of woody bamboos in Argentine archaeological sites led to attempts to identify them. In general, fragments of culm are recovered with nodes, internodes (or parts of them) and occasionally nodes with buds or their vestiges, but without leaves. Epidermal studies were carried out on developed culms of several bamboo genera growing currently in Argentina and neighbouring areas, with the purpose of detecting characters of taxonomic value that will allow identification at generic or species level. The selected characters did indeed facilitate the determination of the archaeological material. Fifteen species of six native genera from America were studied: Aulonemia Goudot, Colanthelia McClure & E. W. Smith, Chusquea Kunth, Guadua Kunth, Merostachys Spreng. and Rhipidocladum McClure. Epidermal cauline anatomy was described and illustrated using scanning electron and light microscopes. An identification key based on cauline epidermis is presented. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 138 , 45–55.     

Vegetative Anatomy of Uncinia (Cyperaceae)

The vegetative anatomy of 18 (19) Uncinia spp. (Cyperaceae-Cariceae)including representatives of most taxonomic subdivisions wasstudied to determine the range of variation in certain anatomicaland morphological characters of the vegetative organs withinthe genus. The two South American species U. erinacea and U. kingii differfrom all others, the former in having a closed cylinder of sclerenchymain the culm, and the latter a grooved culm. The three tall SouthAmerican spp., U. brevicaulis, U. hamata, and U. phleoides var.trichocarpa, are characterized by adaxial intercostal fibrestrands in the leaves, and in this respect show affinities withtall New Zealand species, U. sinclairii and U. uncinata. Thelast species does not have the intercostal strands. The muchsmaller U. tenuis from S. America resembles, in the size andshape of transverse sections of leaf and culm, a group of speciesfrom New Zealand comprising U. angustifolia, U. egmontiana,and U. rupestris. To these could be added U. banksii, U. hookeri,and perhaps also U. tenella, although the last two spp. exhibitsome distinctive characters in the transverse section of theleaf and also in the leaf epidermis in surface view. No exactcounterpart to the Australian and New Zealand spp. U. divaricata,U. riparia, U. rubra and U. scabra was found amongst the S.American material. This group of spp. is distinctive, for example,because of the triangular or irregularly triangular shape oftransverse sections of the culm and the large amount of sclerenchymain transverse sections of the leaf. The range of structural variation appears to be particularlywide in the S. American spp., which represent two extreme typesin the shape of the leaf in transverse section. The other talland small species have their respective counterparts in eacharea, although they are more profusely represented in New Zealandthan in America, and therefore show a correspondingly greaterrange of structure.     

国产嵩草属(莎草科)植物秆的解剖学研究

对嵩草属27种(亚种)植物秆的解剖学研究证明,嵩草属植物秆的解剖学性状具有系统学意义.在该属中,秆的横切面外形为三角形、圆三角形、圆形或扁圆形.在横切面上分为2个区域;外部区域包括绿色组织、外韧维管束和气腔,内部区域为薄壁组织或其碎裂形成空腔.秆表皮的横切面观和表面观均与叶的下表皮相似.以上特征与莎草科其它类群植物秆的解剖特征一致,不支持将嵩草属和其近缘属另立为嵩草科.同时,秆的解剖学特征可以做为某些在外部形态上难于区分的种之间的分类依据.     

The genusBuxus (Buxaceae): Aspects of its differentiation in space and time

Trends of pollen grain aperture evolution and exine characters as well as characters of leaf venation, petiole and axial vascularization are briefly described and related to geographical distribution and classification ofBuxus. A review of fossil records is given. Three major taxonomic groups can be delimitated within the genus, and aspects of their relationships and chorogenesis are presented. The level of differentiation, the pattern of distribution and the fossil record speak in favour of an ancient origin of the genus.     

Bamboo germplasm screening with nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Summary Bamboo species are difficult to identify because flowering material is seldom available and taxonomy is of necessity based on vegetative characters. To evaluate the utility of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in bamboo systematics and germplasm screening, a library of random genomic probes from a Phyllostachys nigra PstI library was constructed. Probes from the library were used to screen bamboo germplasm consisting mostly of temperate bamboos of the genus Phyllostachys. RFLP variation was abundant, and species-specific patterns were readily obtained. Chloroplast DNA showed little variation among the bamboo accessions analyzed.