Three new species of Tricorythopsis (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from southeastern Brazil

Three new species of Tricorythopsis Traver (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) are described and illustrated based on nymphs from southeastern Brazil. These new species can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the following characters: Tricorythopsis araponga sp. n.: (1) femora with long setae; (2) abdominal segments 5–7 with dorsal tubercles; (3) tarsal claws with 4–6 marginal denticles and 7 + 4 submarginal denticles. Tricorythopsis baptistai sp. n.: (1) tarsal claws with 4–5 large marginal denticles and one submarginal denticle on each side; (2) abdominal colour pattern; (3) abdomen without tubercles; (4) coxae without projections. Tricorythopsis pseudogibbus sp. n.: (1) abdominal segments 6–8 with small dorsal tubercles; (2) tarsal claws with four large marginal denticles, and 3 + 1 or 2 submarginal denticles; (3) coxae dorsally projected; (4) femora broad and with short setae; (5) pronotum with anterolateral projection.     

Three New Genera of Small Minnow Mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Andes and Patagonia

Three new genera and three new species of Baetidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) are described from the Andes and Patagonia. Larvae of Andesiops, new genus, are distinguished by the apically bifid right prostheca and two rows of denticles on the tarsal claws. Larvae of Deceptiviosa, new genus, are distinguished by the apically bifid right prostheca and small subapical denticle on the tarsal claws. Larvae of Nanomis, new genus, are distinguished by the apically acute maxillary palp segment 2, smooth posterior margin of the terga, and paddle-shaped subapical seta on the hindtibiae. Adults of Andesiops and Deceptiviosa are similar, but distinguished from other South American baetids by having hindwings with a small costal process in the basal one third and three lon gitudinal veins with the middle vein being forked, and an elongate and ellipsoidal genital forceps segment 3. Larvae and adults of Andesiops peruvianus, new combination, are redescribed, and additional locale data are provided for Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela. Deceptiviosa ardua, new species, is described from larvae from Chile, and D. torrens, new species, is described from larvae and adults from Chile and Argentina. Nanomis galera, new species, is described from larvae from Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.     

Doratomantispa burmanica n. gen., n. sp. (Neuroptera: Mantispidae), a new genus of mantidflies in Burmese amber

A new genus and new species of mantidflies, Doratomantispa burmanica n. gen., n. sp. (Neuroptera: Mantispidae), is described from Burmese amber. Diagnostic characters of the new genus are small body size, trichosors present around entire wing margin except basally, protarsus 5-segmented with paired, simple claws but no aroleum, profemur bearing six cuticular spines, inner surface of protibia with row of peg-like protrusions, Sc meets R₁ in region of pterostigma, costal space greatly narrows toward wing apex, with 16 veinlets in costal space on front wing while costal veinlets on hind wing are replaced by trichosors and CuP absent in hind wing. The abdomen of the mantidfly is filled with large spheres resulting from a possible rickettsial infection. Phoretic heterostigmatid mites are adjacent to the wings of the fossil.     

尖唇叶蜂属系统分类研究(膜翅目:叶蜂科)

尖唇叶蜂属Adamas Malaise是中国新记录属。本文记述1个中国新记录种：宽缘尖唇叶蜂Adamas jakowleffi(Konow,1897)和4个新种：黄尾尖唇叶蜂A.caudatus sp.nov.,平行尖唇叶蜂A.parallelus sp.nov.,徐氏尖唇叶蜂A.xuisp.nov.和吕氏尖唇叶蜂A.lui sp.nov.,给出了详细描述和形态特征图,并编制了分种检索表。详细讨论了尖唇叶蜂属的系统学地位,初步分析了6个已知种之间的关系,认为A.jakowleffi(Konow)和A.ermak Zhelochovtsev,A.caudatus和A.parallelus.A.xui和A.lui分别构成一对姊妹种关系。尖唇叶蜂属上颚不对称,左上颚具1个大型基齿,右上颚单齿,唇基缺口深,侧叶尖,前翅臀室具很短的倾斜横脉,前胸侧板腹侧接触面窄或无,后胸后背板中央甚狭,后足基跗节很短等,表明本属是平背叶蜂亚科成员,系统学地位介于Allantini族和Empriini族之间,并自成一族——尖唇叶蜂族Adamasini。     

A remarkable new genus of Procercopidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China

Jurocercopis grandis, a new genus and species belonging to Procercopidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea), is described, based on seven specimens from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, China. It differs distinctly from other genera as follows: body and wings obviously large; pronotum with posterior margin straight; tegmen with costal margin convex at about basal 0.4 wing length; hind basitarsomere with a row of apical small teeth.     

A new ripiphorid beetle from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber sheds light on early evolution of the extant subfamily Ripidiinae (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)

Fossils belonging to Ripidiinae are rare. Here, we describe and figure a remarkable new genus and species of Ripidiinae, Protoripidius burmiticus gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. Protoripidius can be placed in the extant subfamily Ripidiinae based on the widely separated and abbreviated elytra (in male), unfolded hind wings, simple claws and the absence of tibial spurs. Protoripidius bears many transitional features shedding new light on the relationships of the two extant tribes of Ripidiinae. The discovery also highlights the palaeodiversity of the subfamily Ripidiinae in the mid-Cretaceous.     

Significance of hind wing morphology in distinguishing genera and species of cantharid beetles with a geometric morphometric analysis

There remain some difficulties in delimitation of related genera or sibling species for cantharid beetles, because the traditionally taxonomic method and morphological characters have not been updated or introduced. In the present study, we firstly use the landmark-based geometric morphometrics to analyze and compare the hind wings of nine species belonging to three genera of Cantharinae to ascertain whether this approach may be used as a reliable method in the study of the taxonomy of this group. The results show that the shape differences of the hind wings among genera seem more variable than that within each genus, and the variations for each species are different from one another, as shown in the principal component analyses. And the canonical variates analyses show that there are significant differences among the genera and the species of each genus, which demonstrates that the hind wing shape can be diagnostic for both generic and specific identification of the cantharid beetles. This study sheds new light into clarifying the taxonomic uncertainties of Cantharidae, and lays a foundation for further studies on the evolution of the cantharid hind wing shape.     

A new genus Heppneralis Park of Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) from Is. Sulawesi,Indonesia, with descriptions of two new species

A new genus, Heppneralis Park, gen. nov., of the subfamily Torodorinae, is described based on the type species, H. decorella sp. nov., and an additional new species, H. dumogaensis sp. nov., from Is. Sulawesi, Indonesia is described. The new genus is distinguished from all known genera of the subfamily by unique wing color markings on both wings, with R₅ and M₂ absent in the forewing and M₂ absent in the hindwing.     

Sinodima jenisi gen. et sp. nov., a new wingless click-beetle from the mountains of Hunan,China (Elateridae: Dendrometrinae: Dimini)

Sinodima gen. nov., a new genus in the click-beetle tribe Dimini Candèze, 1863 from the mountains in Hunan, China, is described and figured here to accommodate S. jenisi sp. nov. The new genus is easily recognizable from all other Dimini by the following combination of characters: short antennomeres II and III; transverse pronotum with inconspicuous anterior angles; arcuate prosternal process; mesoventrite with straight frontal margin and oblique and straight sides; absent hind wings; and absent sclerites or spines in the bursa copulatrix. Additionally, we compare Sinodima gen. nov. with the morphologically similar genera, and discuss the systematic position of this genus within Dimini.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91F22A25-E1F1-4EC4-B3EF-5D632B83FDE5     

New tribe,genus, and species of paedogenetic gall midges (Diptera,Lestremiidae: Krassiloviolini trib. nov.) from the Late Cretaceous Taimyr amber

Paedogenetic fossil midges of the family Lestremiidae are revealed for the first time. Only eight species of eight gall midge genera belonging to five tribes of the subfamily Micromyinae (Lestremiidae) and two species of two genera of Porricondylinae (Cecidomyiidae: Porricondylinae sp., Holoneurini sp.) have previously been described from the Santonian Taimyr amber of Yantardakh. The new tribe Krassiloviolini trib. nov. differs from other tribes of Lestremiidae in the strong reduction of veins and flagellomeres, slightly differing in length first and second tarsomeres of the middle and hind tarsi, 3-segmented apical plates of the ovipositor, and the presence of paedogenesis. A new genus and species, Krassiloviola geniusloci gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a female that is characterized by the first front tarsomere 1.3 times as long as the second, short 2+7-segmented antennae, presence of stem and large narrow sensoria on flagellomeres, wide wings with strongly reduced vein R5, slightly forked Cu, and absence of fragment C behind the fusion with R5. The presence of two very large specific eggs is evidence of the existence of paedogenesis in the Late Cretaceous. Previously, fossil paedogenetic eggs have only been known in Miastor vlaskini (Fedotova et Perkovsky) described from the Late Eocene Rovno amber.     

Diagnosis, classification, and phylogenetic relationships of the orphnine scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Orphninae)

Orphnine scarab beetles (Orphninae) are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the southern continents except for Australia. The catalogue of nominal taxa of orphnines includes 2 tribes, 15 genera, and 195 species. Diagnosis of the group, based on adult morphological characters, is as follows: antennae 10-segmented with 3-segmented club; mandibles with 2?C4 scissorial teeth and well developed mola; labrum and mandibles protruding past clypeus and visible from above; scutellum well developed in winged species, reduced but distinct in wingless species; wings with distinct anal area; apices of anterior tibia in males without spur but normally with a few robust setae; anterior coxa with longitudinal hollow on anterior surface; tarsi with 2 similar claws; middle and hind tibiae with 2 apical spurs; abdominal sternite 2 with sub-triangular to rounded plectrum; dorsal surface of hind coxae with oval flat stridulatory file; pygidium partly hidden under elytra; parameres symmetrical; bursa copulatrix sacciform, membranous; spermatheca C-shaped, not sclerotized; accessory vaginal glands developed; abdomen with 2 sclerotized tergites (VII?CVIII) and 6 visible sternites (III?CVIII). Preliminary phylogenetic analysis based on 47 characters of adult morphology shows that the tribe Aegidiini Paulian is a natural, monophyletic group. The genus Stenosternus Karsch described from a single specimen from S?o Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea), is morphologically more similar to the New World taxa than to the Old World ones and is provisionally placed in Aegidiini. The tribe Orphnini Erichson seems non-monophyletic and has no synapomorphies. The genus Orphnus is apparently a polyphyletic group and it needs taxonomic revision. The hypothesis on sister-group relationship of Orphninae and Allidiostomatinae, based on molecular data, is not supported by the morphological characters. The stridulatory organs (the putative synapomorphy of Orphninae + Allidiostomatinae) are not identical in these groups; the mouthparts and female genitalia are essentially different. Orphninae have chewing mouthparts with large scissorial teeth and well developed mola, which is characteristic of generalist saprophagous species. Allidiostomatinae have mandibles with scissorial teeth and mola reduced; they also have sclerotized bursa copulatrix and sclerotized mandibular duct which opens on the dorsal side near condyle. Considering the present day development of alpha-taxonomy of most orphnine taxa, especially the speciose genus Orphnus, it seems premature to propose changes in higher classification of the subfamily. To clarify the phylogenetic position of the Orphninae among scarab beetles it is essential to include representative members of all taxa of orphnine lineage (sensu Browne, Scholtz, 1998) into the analysis.     

Loricate choanoflagellates (Acanthoecida) from warm water seas. VII. Calotheca Thomsen and Moestrup,Stephanacantha Thomsen and Syndetophyllum Thomsen and Moestrup

The tectiform loricate choanoflagellate genera Calotheca, Stephanacantha and Syndetophyllum have all been first described from warm water habitats and share the presence of flattened and often elaborate costal strips in the lorica. The current reinvestigation does confirm both the widespread occurrence of these taxa within the global warm water belt, and largely corroborates the established genus and species matrix. We describe here Stephanacantha oceanica sp. nov. which closely resembles S. campaniformis, and transfer Parvicorbicula zigzag to the genus Stephanacantha, despite differences in costal strip morphology, but based on a complete agreement in lorica constructional details.     

The morphology and relationships of the walking mud spiders of the genus Cryptothele (Araneae: Zodariidae)

We revise the relationships of the spider genus Cryptothele after reexamination of the morphology of the spinnerets, leg tarsal claws and maxillae with scanning electron microscopy. Cryptothele species have a particular conformation of the spinning field of the anterior lateral spigots that is typical of zodariids and close relatives: the field of major ampullate gland spigots, together with their strain sensilla, are invaginated within the field of piriform gland spigots. The implantation of the teeth on the inner side of the leg tarsal claws is also consistent with its placement among zodariids. We added Cryptothele to a morphological dataset of zodariid genera, together with the outgroups Homalonychus (Homalonychidae) and Penestomus (Penestomidae). The phylogenetic analysis concludes that the genus Cryptothele is a member of the subfamily Cydrelinae, which by priority is here considered a junior synonym of Cryptothelinae. Cryptothele specimens cover most of their body with soil particles which become consolidated as mud, and the debris is probably held in place by curved setae covered by long barbs. The spinnerets, which can be retracted and hidden, as well as the booklungs, are surrounded by a crown of thick setae that are densely covered by short barbs, protecting those areas against soil particles. Cryptothele are probably specialized to prey on termites, and their phylogenetic placement indicates that this diet specificity evolved two times independently in zodariids.     

A new genus and species of the subtribe Leptopsaltriina (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Leptopsaltriini) from Vietnam,with a key to the genera of Leptopsaltriina

Vietanna Lee & Pham, gen. nov. and Vietanna hanoiensis Pham & Lee, sp. nov. are described based on a cicada specimen from Hanoi, Vietnam and placed in the subtribe Leptopsaltriina Moulton, 1923 of the tribe Leptopsaltriini Moulton, 1923 in the subfamily Cicadinae Latreille, 1802 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae). This new genus is morphologically similar to Tanna Distant, 1905 but distinguished from Tanna by the timbal cover exposing the inner part of timbal, the male abdominal epipleurite 3 with a distinct oblique linear fold, the male abdominal sternites without tubercle-like projections, and the aedeagus bifurcate at the apex. A key to the genera of Leptopsaltriina is provided.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3B9CBC95-B54A-4BDE-A488-0DEAB69114BD.     

Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae

Abstract. Thirty‐eight characters derived from the larvae of Geotrupidae (Scarabaeoidea, Coleoptera) were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian inference. Trees were rooted with two Trogidae species and one species of Pleocomidae as outgroups. The monophyly of Geotrupidae (including Bolboceratinae) is supported by four autapomorphies: abdominal segments 3–7 with two dorsal annulets, chaetoparia and acanthoparia of the epipharynx not prominent, glossa and hypopharynx fused and without sclerome, trochanter and femur without fossorial setae. Bolboceratinae showed notable differences with Pleocomidae, being more related to Geotrupinae than to other groups. Odonteus species (Bolboceratinae s.str.) appear to constitute the closest sister group to Geotrupinae. Polyphyly of Bolboceratinae is implied by the following apomorphic characters observed in the ‘Odonteus lineage’: anterior and posterior epitormae of epipharynx developed, tormae of epipharynx fused, oncyli of hypopharynx developed, tarsal claws reduced or absent, plectrum and pars stridens of legs well developed and apex of antennal segment 2 with a unique sensorium. A ‘Bolbelasmus lineage’ is supported by the autapomorphic presence of various sensoria on the apex of the antennal segment, and the subtriangular labrum (except Eucanthus). This group constituted by Bolbelasmus, Bolbocerosoma and Eucanthus is the first evidence for a close relationship among genera, but more characters should be analysed to test the support for the clade. A preliminary classification at tribe level of Geotrupinae is suggested as follows: Chromogeotrupini (type genus Chromogeotrupes), Lethrini (type genus Lethrus), Taurocerastini (type genus Taurocerastes) and Geotrupini (type genus Geotrupes). Some ecological facts of Geotrupidae evolution could also be explained by the present results, such as those related to diet and nesting behaviour. Both coprophagy and male–female co‐operation in nesting appear as derived traits.     

Tricalcaria Han gen. nov., a remarkable new genus with three hind‐tibial spurs belonging to the tribe Trichopterygini,with description of a new species from China (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)

Tricalcaria Han gen. nov. and its type species Tricalcaria stueningi Han sp. nov. are described from China. Morphological characters, including those of the male and female genitalia, are figured. The main diagnostic characters of Tricalcaria are: hind tibia with three spurs in both male and female; ventral margin of costal protrusion bearing a series of long, hook‐like, sclerotized setae in the male genitalia; female papilla analis modified and bearing over part of its surface broad blade‐like sclerotized setae. The wing pattern, venation, and genitalia of this genus are compared with those of the most closely related genera, Tristeirometa Holloway, 1997, Hypocometa Warren, 1896, and Phthonoloba Warren, 1893. Tribal placement is discussed, with the conclusion that the new genus should be placed in the tribe Trichopterygini.     

A new species of Tricorythodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil

Tricorythodes molinerii sp. n. is described and illustrated based on nymphs from southeastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from other species of Tricorythodes Ulmer by the following characters: 1) genal projection present; 2) maxillary palp bi-segmented, with short apical seta; 3) pronotum with well developed anterolateral projection; 4) dorsum of fore femora with a transverse row of setae; 5) tarsal claws without marginal denticles and with one submarginal denticle on each side; 6) operculate gills triangular, shaded with black, and with whitish mark in subbasal zone; and 7) very large size.     

Meristoderes gen. nov., a new kinorhynch genus, with the description of two new species and their implications for echinoderid phylogeny (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida, Echinoderidae)

A new kinorhynch genus, Meristoderes gen. nov., and two new species from Spain and the Solomon Islands, respectively, are described. The new genus is distinguished from all other genera by the first segment consisting of a closed cuticular ring, and the second segment having partial tergosternal junctions, and a superficial midventral fold. This is a new cuticular configuration that may shed light into the phylogenetic relationships of echinoderid kinorhynchs. Meristoderes macracanthus gen. et sp. nov. from the Mediterranean coast of Spain is recognised by the presence of middorsal spines on segments 4, 6 and 8, ventrolateral tubules on segment 2, lateroventral tubules on segment 5, lateroventral spines on segments 6-9, lateral accessory tubules on segment 8, one pair of laterodorsal tubules on segment 10. Meristoderes galatheae sp. nov. from the Solomon Islands is recognized by having a middorsal spine on segment 4 only, ventrolateral tubules on segment 2, lateroventral tubules on segment 5, lateroventral spines on segments 6-9, lateral accessory tubules on segment 8 and subdorsal tubules on segment 10. Both species have a pattern of paraventral perforation site clusters on segments 3-9, with conspicuously long bracteate hairs from the posteriormost perforations sites on the segments 3-7 and 3-6, respectively.The new genus Meristoderes gen. nov. is included into the family Echinoderidae Bütschli, 1876 and appears closely related with the genera Cephalorhyncha Adrianov, 1999 and Echinoderes Claparède, 1863. The new information it provides is discussed to clarify the internal phylogeny of Echinoderidae. The terminology for cuticular characters in the overlapping area between consecutive segments is also standardized.     

First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta,Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Río Pichileufú, Patagonia,Argentina

A new genus and species of Discocephalini, Acanthocephalonotum martinsnetoi gen. n. et sp. n. is described from Río Pichileufú, middle Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina at palaeolatitude ~ 46°S. The new species is the first fossil representative of the Discocephalinae. This taxon is extant in equatorial to subtropical America, and some species reach warm temperate latitudes (Buenos Aires province). The new genus is distinguished from the other genera of Discocephalini by the combination of these characters: interocular width greater than head length; head massive and quadrangular with the anterior margin almost straight; juga touching each other; labrum thick and curved; triangular ante-ocular process extending beyond the eye; broad spine-like antero-lateral process of the pronotum; pronotum explanate and bean shaped; scutellum triangular with a circular tongue reaching the anterior side of abdominal segment 7; and wings well developed with membrane just surpassing end of abdomen.