滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)与抚仙金线鲃(S.tingi)肌肉营养成分初步分析

该文对滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)和抚仙金线鲃(S.tingi)肌肉营养成分的分析表明:两者肌肉(鲜样)中的蛋白质含量分别为21.7%和20.6%,粗脂肪含量分别为3.43%和2.66%,氨基酸总量分别为19.23%和17.67%。其中,必需氨基酸含量分别为其各自氨基酸总量的44.08%及43.69%,必需氨基酸指数则分别为70.00%和65.99%。两者的氨基酸构成比例基本符合FAO/WHO标准,且第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸。对于矿物质含量而言,滇池金线鲃K、Na含量均高于抚仙金线鲃,Zn含量低于抚仙金线鲃,而其他矿物质含量则无显著差异。该结果表明,滇池金线鲃和抚仙金线鲃肌肉均为优质食品,且前者的营养品质更优。     

云南滇池濒危特有种滇池金线鲃繁殖初报

滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)是滇池湖泊生态系统的指示物种和特有种。因水质污染和外来物种入侵等因素的影响,该鱼类自1986年起就从湖体中消失,仅有湖周围的少数龙潭中尚保存有少量滇池金线鲃。至2007年3月初,有两次繁殖试验取得了成功。先后试验了5尾雌鱼和6尾雄鱼,获得鱼卵约1600粒,并实施干法受精。约有1320粒受精,平均受精率为73%。孵化出鱼苗约480尾,平均孵化率为36%。经10天饲养,约有95%以上的鱼苗存活,体长达8-12mm。滇池金线鲃人工繁殖成功的意义有三点:能有效保护该物种免于灭绝;繁殖的鱼苗放归湖泊合适水域,将有助于恢复滇池的土著生物多样性;有助于推动当地水产养殖业从非土著鱼类养殖向土著鱼类养殖的方向转变。     

云南滇池濒危特有种滇池金线鲃繁殖初报

滇池金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus grahami）是滇池湖泊生态系统的指示物种和特有种。因水质污染和外来物种入侵等因素的影响，该鱼类自1986年起就从湖体中消失，仅有湖周围的少数龙潭中尚保存有少量滇池金线鲃。至2007年3月初，有两次繁殖试验取得了成功。先后试验了5尾雌鱼和6尾雄鱼，获得鱼卵约1 600粒，并实施干法受精。约有1 320粒受精，平均受精率为73%。孵化出鱼苗约480尾，平均孵化率为36%。经10天饲养，约有95%以上的鱼苗存活，体长达8—12 mm。滇池金线鲃人工繁殖成功的意义有三点：能有效保护该物种免于灭绝；繁殖的鱼苗放归湖泊合适水域，将有助于恢复滇池的土著生物多样性；有助于推动当地水产养殖业从非土著鱼类养殖向土著鱼类养殖的方向转变。     

滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)耳石的茜素红及茜素络合物标志

该文使用不同浓度梯度(50~200 mg/L)和浸泡时间(4~24 h)的茜素络合物(ALC)及茜素红(ARS)水溶液对6、20及90日龄滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)仔稚鱼进行标志。两种标志物均能在其耳石上形成深红色标记环带,510~560 nm绿色激发光下,标志带呈猩红色荧光反应。50 mg/L ALC或ARS溶液浸泡6日龄仔鱼8 h、50 mg/L ALC溶液或100 mg/L ARS溶液浸泡20日龄仔鱼24 h及100 mg/L ALC或150 mg/L ARS溶液浸泡90日龄稚鱼24 h,可见光下即可见清晰深红色标记带。50 mg/L ARS或ALC溶液浸泡6日龄仔鱼4 h或浸泡20、90日龄仔鱼24 h,绿色激光下即绿色可见猩红色标记带。且以上浸泡条件均可保证100%标记率和存活率。     

滇池金线鲃形态度量学分析(Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae)

运用多变量形态度量学和框架结构形态学的方法,测量了采自滇池流域6个不同地点的149尾滇池金线鲃（Sinocyclocheilus grahami）的标本。应用多变量形态度量学分析,选择了20个框架结构性状和19个常规性状,进行主成成分分析。主成成分分析结果的散布图显示,6个不同地点的标本聚在一起没有分开,表明滇池金线鲃的各居群之间在可数性状和可量性状上均未表现出明显的差异,说明滇池金线鲃在形态上还未发生明显的种下分化。     

滇池金线鲃亲鱼培育、繁殖力以及卵径大小与胚胎存活率的关系

2007—2010年,对滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)进行了亲鱼培育、繁殖力和卵径(egg diameter,ED)大小的研究。滇池金线鲃的催产率、核偏位率和孵化率分别由2007年的25.2%、61.5%和30.4%到2010年的91.3%、85.2%和44.5%。四年间这3项指标均有不同程度提高,其中,催产率提高的幅度最大。提供适合滇池金线鲃营养全面的饵料可以保证亲鱼培育的最佳效果,获得高质量的鱼卵和鱼苗。滇池金线鲃绝对怀卵量与体长的关系是F=0.0004826SL3.166(R2=0.6424,P<0.05)。四年来滇池金线鲃的平均产卵量为(2118.4±899.1)粒,平均绝对怀卵量为(2402.9±881.9)粒,平均相对怀卵量为(70.4±20.8)粒。产卵量、绝对怀卵量和相对怀卵量都有随着体长增加而增加的趋势。卵的大小与胚胎存活相关,在胚胎发育的前两天,不同批次胚胎的死亡呈现一种稳定的或低的死亡率;而后5～7d不同大小的卵呈现不同的死亡率,即小的卵具有更高的死亡率;而卵径>2.0mm的胚胎死亡率趋于稳定;大的卵有更高的生存潜力,能保证仔鱼开口前继续完善身体器官的形成或发生所需要的能量。     

长薄鳅仔稚鱼发育和生长的研究

长薄鳅Leptobotia elongata(Bleeker)隶属鳅科、薄鳅属,分布在长江中上游江段及其支流,是鳅科鱼类中生长最快、个体最大的一种,最大个体达3.0kg。然而近20多年来,人为过度捕捞、生态环境破坏等原因,在长江中游已很难捕到此鱼,长江上游也正面临着生存环境的破坏而资源急速下降。       

大鳞副泥鳅仔稚鱼生长与消化酶活性变化

{{@ convertAbstractHtml(article.abstractinfoCn, "cn")}}       

滇池金线鲃肠道产细菌素细菌的筛选鉴定及细菌素LSP01的抑菌作用

【背景】细菌素是微生物在生长过程中产生的一类具有抑菌作用的蛋白质或多肽类物质,可有效抑制或杀灭多种病原微生物。滇池金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilusgrahami)是云南滇池特有鱼种,长期生存在滇池恶劣的生态环境中,其肠道内可能存在着大量产细菌素的微生物资源。【目的】从滇池金线鲃肠道内筛选产细菌素菌株,并对其所产细菌素的抑菌特性及机制进行探究。【方法】对滇池金线鲃肠道细菌进行分离鉴定,利用牛津杯双层平板法筛选具有抑菌活性的产细菌素菌株,测定抑菌活性最佳菌株的细菌素酶敏感性、酸碱与高温耐受性、最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC)与抑菌广谱性等抑菌特性,并借助细胞膜通透性、 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfonyl)-2h-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT)实验及扫描电子显微镜(scanning electronmicroscope,SEM)观察等实验探究细菌素的抑菌机制。【结果】从滇池金线鲃肠道中共筛选得到5株产细菌素细菌,隶属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和乳杆...     

拟赤梢鱼的胚胎发育和仔稚鱼生长特性观察

为阐明拟赤梢鱼(Pseudaspius leptocephalus)胚胎发育和仔稚鱼发育特点,采用人工催产的方式获得受精卵,观察分析了拟赤梢鱼胚胎发育和仔稚发育的时序特征.结果表明:拟赤梢鱼成熟卵粒为黄色圆球形,平均卵径为(1.77±0.20)mm,遇水具微黏性;在水温23℃条件下,胚胎发育经历合子期、卵裂期、囊胚期、...     

Exploring factors shaping population genetic structure of the freshwater fish Sinocyclocheilus grahami (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)

Phylogeographical analyses on Sinocyclocheilus grahami samples from seven localities within the Lake Dianchi Basin in China were conducted to explore the main factors shaping population structure within this species. Phylogenetic and network analyses revealed two major clades in 24 mtDNA haplotypes. One clade included three haplotypes exclusively from samples of the lower basin and another clade encompassed other haplotypes from samples of the upper basin. The estimated divergence time between the two clades predated the river capture event connecting the lower and upper lake basin and thus supported geographical isolation as the main factor shaping genetic divergence between these two clades. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance and pair-wise Φ_ST distances revealed significant genetic differentiation within the upper basin. Mantel tests clearly supported patterns of differentiation arose purely as a result of isolation by distance. These results further highlight the importance of geographical isolation in shaping differentiation within this species.     

饥饿对唐鱼仔鱼摄食和生长的影响

用初次摄食率测定法测定饥饿胁迫下唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)仔鱼耐饥饿能力,观察了饥饿对仔鱼摄食、生长和形态发育的影响。结果表明,水温24.0~28.5℃条件下仔鱼在孵化后第2.5~3d开口摄食,初次摄食率为33.3%,最高初次摄食率为100%并持续4d;混合营养期约2d;第5d卵黄耗尽,并达到最高摄食强度;第8.5d进入不可逆点(PNR),PNR有效积温为222.7d.℃,第10d死亡率超过50%,12d全部死亡。饥饿对仔鱼发育起延迟作用,混合营养期延迟投喂,仔鱼生长发育水平明显低于正常投喂仔鱼,饥饿仔鱼发育停滞且在PNR前后负增长并出现胸角。本文讨论了仔鱼耐饥饿能力与生境、生活史策略的关系。     

盐度对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响

2000年4月和2001年4月在浙江省玉环县抛西水产育苗场研究了海水盐度对墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫和稚贝生长和存活的影响。结果表明：浮游幼虫的适宜盐度为16．54—36．58,最适生长盐度为23．38—30．02;稚贝的适宜盐度为23．38—42．70,最适生长盐度为23．38—36．58。     

中国鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类一新种——黄田金线鲃(鲤形目:鲤科)

该文记述了采自广西贺州市贺江水系——洞穴的鲤科鲃亚科金线鲃属鱼类一新种,命名为黄田金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus huangtianensis Zhu,Zhu et Lan sp.nov.)。新种眼睛正常,背鳍末根不分枝鳍条柔软,后缘无锯齿,与属内同分布在贺江水系的已知种季氏金线鲃及邻近漓江水系的桂林金线鲃相似,但新种侧线鳞为52～59枚,侧线上鳞17～23,侧线下鳞16～17,围尾柄鳞40～46,鳃耙9～10,眼径为体长的4.3%～5.4%,眼间距为体长的9.2%～9.6%,口宽为体长的6.0%～7.3%,与季氏金线鲃和桂林金线鲃有明显区别。     

阿庐金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus aluensis Liet Xiao,2005)物种有效性及其重新描述

阿庐金线鲃(Sinocyclocheilus aluensis Li et Xiao,2005)曾为狭孔金线鲃(S.angustiporus Zheng et Xie,1985)的同物异名。该文在比对采自云南泸西县城郊龙潭的金线鲃标本和狭孔金线鲃模式标本后发现,两者间存在明显且稳定的形态差异,因此,阿庐金线鲃应为有效种。阿庐金线鲃背鳍起点位于腹鳍起点垂直线之后,可与狭孔金线鲃(背鳍起点与腹鳍起点正相对或稍前)相区别,且前者眼径及眼球径较小,而眼间距较宽(阿庐金线鲃分别为头长的22.4%～29.7%、16.0%～23.6%及21.0%～32.3%,狭孔金线鲃分别为头长的26.4%～38.9%、21.3%～29.0%及19.7%～22.6%)。     

Diurnal Changes in Blood Metabolites and Their Relation to Plasma Growth Hormone and Time of Feeding in Mithun Heifers (Bos frontalis)

The aim of the present study was to investigate what, if any, diurnal changes occur in blood metabolites in relation to plasma growth hormone (GH) and feeding time among mithun (Bos frontalis), a semi‐wild ruminant. Blood samples were collected at hourly intervals during a 24 h span from 6 mithun heifers (averaging 2.5 yr of age and averaging 230 kg in weight) that were fed twice a day at 11:00 and 16:00 h. Samples were assayed for plasma GH and blood metabolites, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, and alpha‐amino nitrogen. The total sampling period was divided into a 1) postprandial (after meal) period (period I: 11:00 to 21:00 h) and 2) interprandial period (period II: 22:00 to 10:00 h) and also into night (20:00 to 05:00 h) and day (06:00 to 10:00 h) periods for statistical analysis. Plasma glucose and alpha‐amino nitrogen levels increased (p<0.01), and plasma NEFA and GH decreased (p<0.01) after each meal. No diurnal rhythmicity was detected in plasma glucose or alpha‐amino nitrogen levels. Interestingly, plasma NEFA and GH levels were higher (p<0.01) during the interprandial (period II) and night periods, indicating an energy deficit that occurred progressively during the interprandial period of nocturnal feed deprivation. In twice‐daily‐fed mithuns we conclude that: 1) plasma metabolites and GH exhibited a definite pattern of change with time of feeding; 2) concentrations of plasma NEFA were higher nocturnally due to an energy deficit and that GH levels were higher during the interprandial period after the second meal; 3) the interprandial period after the second feeding may be considered to constitute a short‐term food deprivation; 4) the longer interprandial period of 19 h in this study between the second and subsequent morning meal may be changed into equally divided feedings to minimize the short‐term energy deficit; and 5) blood sampling for blood metabolites in mithuns should be conducted at a fixed time of day with special emphasis on time of feeding.     

温度对尖裸鲤胚胎发育及其仔稚鱼生长性状的影响

采用实验生态学方法研究温度对尖裸鲤（Oxygymnocypris stewartii）胚胎发育及仔稚鱼生长性状的影响,旨在掌握温度对其早期发育的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,胚胎的孵化时间缩短,发育速度加快。在平均水温5 ℃、8 ℃、11 ℃、14 ℃和17 ℃下,尖裸鲤的胚胎孵化时间分别为530.78 h、366.12 h、214.22 h、220.63 h、153.95 h,温度和孵化时间呈幂函数关系,有效积温在水温为11 ℃时最低,为2 356.4 h ·℃。尖裸鲤胚胎不同发育时期在不同温度下的累计时间均呈现指数函数关系。随着温度的升高,孵化率呈现先降低后升高的趋势,水温范围在11 ~ 17 ℃时,温度系数Q10值和Q13值最接近2。尖裸鲤初孵仔鱼全长与温度间呈现三次多项式函数,全长与温度之间不存在显著性关系;而初孵仔鱼卵黄囊体积与温度间呈现显著性的二次多项式函数。综合各项指标表明,尖裸鲤胚胎的适宜孵化水温为11 ~ 17 ℃,仔稚鱼的适宜生长水温为14 ~ 17 ℃。     

Growth and reproduction in Canthigaster valentini (Pisces,Tetraodontidae): a comparison of a toxic reef fish with other reef fishes

Synopsis The growth and reproduction of Cantigaster valentini were studied in two sites at Lizard Island, Australia. C. valentini was found to be a gonochore, with a sex ratio very close to 1:1; sexes could be distinguished externally. The growth (in length) of known individuals from both sites was measured at least every two months over two years. Growth rates of males and females decrease as their sizes increase. Growth rates differ between sexes and between sites: males generally grow faster than females and individuals at Mermaid Cove generally grow faster than individuals at Palfrey Island. Spawning is demersal, it occurs daily between 0800 and 1600h, and continues year-round. For females the interval between successive spawnings varies from about 4 days in the warm-water season to about 10 days in the cool-water season. From a comparison of local reproductive output and local recruitment survivorship of larvae in the plankton was estimated to be much higher than in another species (Pomacentrus wardi) for which a similar estimate was available. We suggest that some aspects of the reproductive strategy of C. valentini differ from other, non-toxic reef fishes in ways consistent with a reduced threat of predation upon adults, eggs, and larvae: courtship and spawning are unhurried and occur throughout most of the day; spawning is unrelated to lunar cycles; there is no parental care or defense of fertilized eggs; and embryos often hatch on rising tides.Centre for Environmental and Urban StudiesSenior author's present address: School of Biological Sciences F07, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, N.S.W., Australia