Revision of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Neolebouria</Emphasis> Gibson, 1976 (Digenea: Opecoelidae), with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trilobovarium</Emphasis> n. g., for species infecting tropical and subtropical shallow-water fishes

A new opecoelid trematode is reported from fishes of the Lethrinidae, Lutjanidae and Nemipteridae off Lizard Island on the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. The new species keys to Neolebouria Gibson, 1976 and shows strong similarity to several species of that genus, but is not consistent with the type-species, N. georgiensis Gibson, 1976, or others known from temperate/polar and/or deep-sea fishes. The new species is also phylogenetically distant from N. lanceolata (Price, 1934) Reimer, 1987, the only representative of the genus for which molecular data are available. A new genus, Trilobovarium n. g., is proposed for the new species, T. parvvatis n. sp. Eight morphologically similar species, previously recognised as belonging to Neolebouria, from shallow-water, mostly tropical/subtropical fishes, are transferred to Trilobovarium: T. diacopae (Nagaty & Abdel Aal, 1962) n. comb.; T. ira (Yamaguti, 1940) n. comb.; T. khalili (Ramadan, 1983) n. comb.; T. krusadaiense (Gupta, 1956) n. comb.; T. lineatum (Aken’Ova & Cribb, 2001) n. comb.; T. moretonense (Aken’Ova & Cribb, 2001) n. comb.; T. palauense (Machida, 2014) n. comb.; and T. truncatum (Linton, 1940) n. comb. Paramanteriella Li, Qiu & Zhang, 1988 is resurrected for five species of Neolebouria with a post-bifurcal genital pore: P. cantherini Li, Qiu & Zhang, 1988; P. capoori (Jaiswal, Upadhyay, Malhotra, Dronen & Malhotra, 2014) n. comb.; P. confusa (Overstreet, 1969) n. comb.; P. leiperi (Gupta, 1956) n. comb.; and P. pallenisca (Shipley & Hornell, 1905) n. comb. Neolebouria georgenascimentoi Bray, 2002, a species with an exceptionally long cirrus-sac, is transferred to Bentholebouria Andres, Pulis & Overstreet, 2004 as B. georgenascimentoi (Bray, 2002) n. comb., and N. maorum (Allison, 1966) Gibson 1976, an unusual species known from cephalopods, is designated a species incertae sedis. Eleven species are retained in a revised concept of Neolebouria.     

A new and a rare parasitic copepod from fishes of Kuwait

Summary A new lernaeopodid copepod, Sparidicola papilliferens n.g., n. sp., is described from Acanthopagrus latus (Pisces: Teleostei) taken in Kuwait. This species is designated as a type of its genus, to which is transferred a second species, originally described as Brachiella lithognathae Kensley & Grindley, 1973, renamed Sparidicola lithognathae (Kensley & Grindley 1973) n. comb. A new name, Neobrachiella pillaii nom. nov., is proposed for Brachiella indica Pillai, 1968. The original name is preoccupied by Brachiella indica Tripathi, 1962, which is also transferred to the genus Neobrachiella Kabata, 1979, as N. indica (Tripathi, 1962) n. comb.     

Japanese marine algae: New combinations, new names and new species

Several new species, combinations and names are described or proposed for the following species of algae reported from Japan: Gloiocladia japonica comb. nov. (=Gloioderma japonicum Okamura), Mazzaella hemisphaerica comb. nov. (=Rhodoglos-sum hemisphaericum Mikami), Melanamansia mitsuii comb. nov. (=Amansia mitsuii Segawa), Ptilo-cladia divaricata comb. nov. (=Crouania divaricata Okamura), Analipus gunjii comb. nov. (=Chordaria gunjii Yendo), Elachista okarnurae nom. nov. (=Elachista globosa Takamatsu), Gelidium inagakii nom. nov. (=Gelidium nanum Inagaki), Mastocarpus yendoisp. nov. (=Gigartina mamillosa sensu Yendo), Melobesia masakii nom. nov. (=Metobesia pacifica Masaki) and Porphyra yamadae sp. nov. (=Porphyra crispata sensu Okamura and Ueda).     

Revised systematics and biogeography of ‘Quediina’ of sub‐Saharan Africa: new phylogenetic insights into the rove beetle tribe Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Abstract Quediina, a mega‐diverse conventional subtribe of the rove beetle tribe Staphylinini, is remarkably species rich in the north and south temperate regions of the world. Tropical faunas of this group, and the fauna of the entire Afrotropical biogeographical region (= Ethiopian region, = sub‐Saharan Africa), in contrast, are remarkably poor. The taxonomic study of the quediine genera of Staphylinini from the Afrotropical region reveals misidentifications for many of them. Their phylogenetic study demonstrates polyphyly of Quediina and reveals a new evolutionary pattern for the entire tribe Staphylinini. In particular, the formerly quediine genera Euristus Fauvel, 1899 , Ioma Blackwelder, 1952, Natalignathus Solodovnikov, 2005 , all endemic in the Afrotropical region, belong to the non‐related ‘Staphylinina’, ‘Philonthina propria’ and ‘Tanygnathinina sensu novo’ lineages of Staphylinini, respectively. Contrary to earlier records, the genus Quedius Stephens, 1929 does not occur in Africa south of Sahara: Quedius angularis Cameron, 1948 and Quedius cinctipennis Cameron, 1951 are moved to the genus Philonthus Stephens, 1829. The same is established for the Asian genus Algon Sharp, 1874, formerly for a long time associated with Quediina: African species Algon robustus Wendeler, 1928 is moved to the genus Moeocerus Fauvel, 1899 (here in the ‘Philonthina propria’ lineage); and the misidentification of Algon africanus Bernhauer, 1915, a species that probably belongs to a new genus, is discussed. The phylogenetic affiliation of Afroquedius Solodovnikov, 2006 , a South African endemic, is still ambiguous. Overall, the formerly seen bipolar distribution pattern for the ‘Quediina’ is demonstrated to be an artefact, not a reality to explain. Historical biogeographical explanations are proposed for some of the Afrotropical endemics, partly as an attempt to apply biogeography as an external criterion for the evaluation of the new phylogenetic pattern revealed for Staphylinini. The monotypic genera Euristus and Ioma, as well as Heterothops megalops Cameron, 1959 , the only representative of this widespread genus in the Afrotropical region, are redescribed. Limits and synapomorphies of the genus Heterothops are discussed. The following new combinations and new names are proposed: Philonthus cinctipennis ( Cameron, 1951 ) comb.n. (preoccupied by Philonthus cinctipennis Fauvel, 1875), here replaced by Philonthus pseudoquedius Solodovnikov nom.n. ; Philonthus angularis ( Cameron, 1948 ) comb.n. ; Moeocerus robustus ( Wendeler, 1928 ) comb.n. [preoccupied by Moeocerus robustus (Gestro, 1881)], here replaced by Moeocerus wendeleri Solodovnikov nom.n. A lectotype is designated for Heterothops megalops Cameron, 1959 .     

Some Corrections in Haemogregarine (Apicomplexa: Protozoa) Nomenclature1

The nomenclature of three genera in the family Haemogregarinidae (Haemogregarina, Karyolysus, and Hepatozoon) has been reviewed and the following new names are introduced to replace homonyms or for previously unnamed species: Haemogregarina carlosi n. nom., in the erythrocytes of the lizard Lacerta ocellata; Haemogregarina tincae n. nom., in the stomach and intestine of the tench Tinca tinca; Hepatozoon insectivorae n. sp., in the leucocytes of the shrews Sorex araneus and Crocidura leucodon; Hepatozoon krampitzi n. sp., in the leucocytes of the vole Microtus oeconomus; Hepatozoon peromysci n. sp., in the leucocytes of the deermice Peromyscus boylii and P. truei gilberti; and Hepatozoon pallida (Pessoa et al., 1971) n. comb., in the erythrocytes of the snake Thamnodynastes pallidus nattereri.     

Phylogenetic relationships within Diplotaxini Kirby (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Melolonthinae) with emphasis on Liogenys Guérin‐Méneville

Diplotaxini Kirby is one of the 29 tribes of Melolonthinae with Nearctic, Neotropical, Paleartic, Afrotropical and Oriental distribution. According to the current classification, Diplotaxini is composed of 706 species described in 21 genera. Neotropical Diplotaxini comprise 94 species, of which 78 are members of Liogenys Guérin Méneville, the largest Neotropical genus. Until now, no phylogenetic studies on Diplotaxini have tested whether the tribe is natural or artificial. This study tested the relationships among Diplotaxini genera, created hypotheses for better defining them, and assessed the monophyly of Liogenys. Cladistic analyses using 167 adult morphological characters were performed. The 83 included taxa represent three subfamilies of Melolonthidae, four tribes of Melolonthinae, and most genera of Diplotaxini, with emphasis on Liogenys. The data were analysed using parsimony under equal and implied weights. In both analyses, the traditional concept of Diplotaxini is shown to be a polyphyletic assemblage. Empecta Erichson and Clypeasta Fairmaire are closely related to Melolontha melolontha (Linnaeus) and Pseudoliogenys Moser close to Myloxenoides Martínez (Tanyproctini). Pachrodema Blanchard is identified as the sister group of Liogenys. The monophyly of both Pacuvia Curtis and Homalochilus Blanchard is confirmed and the paraphyly of Diplotaxis Kirby is suggested. The analyses strongly supported the polyphyly of Liogenys. To render this genus monophyletic, we transferred L. ferrugata Mannerheim (related to M. melolontha) to Phyllophaga Harris, and L. micropyga Burmeister to Diplotaxis, forming Diplotaxis micropyga (Burmeister, 1855) comb.n. ; and included Homoliogenys tarsalis (Moser) and Hilarianus anguliceps Blanchard in Liogenys. As H. anguliceps is syn. junior of Liogenys punctaticollis, Hilarianus is synonymized with Liogenys. Hilarianus ovalis and Hilarianus rufinus are here assigned to Manonychus, and Hilarianus uniformis and Hilarianus suboblongus to Blepharotoma, forming: Blepharotoma uniformis comb.n. , Blepharotoma suboblongus comb.n. , Manonychus ovalis comb.n. and Manonychus rufinus comb.n.     

A phylogenetic study of the Plantaginaceae

In a study based on morphological, embryological and chemical data of the Plantaginaceae, within the subclass Sympetalae or Asteridae, the superorder Lamianae is shown to be monophyletic. However, it was not possible to reconstruct the phylogeny within Lamianae or to find a sister-group for the monophyletic Plantaginaceae – Hydrostachyaceae for the latter is rejected. Three or rarely four genera have previously been recognized within Plantaginaceae, but in both cases Plantago appears as polyphyletic, which is considered unacceptable. Six clades are recognized as subgenera within Plantago: subgen. Plantago (c. 131 species), subgen. Coronopus (c. 11 species), subgen. Littorella (three species), subgen. Psyllium (c. 16 species), subgen. Bougueria (one species), and subgen. Albicans (51 species). Within P. subgen. Plantago, the paraphyletic sect. Plantago (c. 42 species) is found in all parts of the world except South America, New Zealand, Australia, and New Guinea, where sect. Oliganthos and sect. Mesembryniae vicariate. It is not possible to infer the phylogeny within sect. Plantago, for example between the endemic species from distant Pacific Islands; their common ancestor might be a species that once had a very wide distribution. Keys to genera, subgenera, sections and series are given. Only one genus, Plantago L., is recognized. The following proposals are made in the Appendix: P. ser. Oliganthos Rahn, ser. nov.; P. ser. Carpophorae (Rahn) Rahn, stat. nov. (= sect. C.); P. ser. Microcalyx (Pilg.) Rahn, stat. nov. (= sect. M.); P. unibrackteata Rahn, nom. nov. (=P. uniflora Hook.f. non L.); P. subgen. Littorella (P. J. Bergius) Rahn, stat. nov. (=Littorella P. J. Bergius); P. araucana Rahn, nom. nov. (=Littorella australis Griseb. non Plantago australis Lam.); P. americana (Fernald) Rahn, comb. nov.(=Littorella a.); P. subgen. Bougueria (Decne.) Rahn, stat. nov. (=Bougueria Decne.); P. nubicola (Decne.) Rahn, comb. nov. (=Bougueria n. Decne.); P. subgen. Albicans Rahn, subgen. nov. Ten lectotypes are selected.     

Plant-feeding dipterans (Diptera,Chloropidae, Agromyzidae) from Wrangel Island (the Chukchi Sea)

Flies of the family Chloropidae were found in the arctic tundra for the first time. Oscinella frit L. was collected in several areas of the mountainous part of Wrangel Island, occurring mainly in the ground layer. Among three species of Agromyzidae, Napomyza mimula Spencer was the most numerous; it was found both in the mountains and on the coastal plain. Two other species, Phytomyza cineracea Hendel and Chromatomyia sp., were rare. The only biotope where all the four species were collected simultaneously was a zoogenic forb-grass meadow patch which developed around the arctic fox burrow.     

Molecules,morphology and Mimeoma scarabs: evolutionary and taxonomic implications for a palm‐associated scarab group

Cyclocephaline scarabs, the second largest tribe of rhinoceros beetles, are important pollinators of early‐diverging angiosperm families in the tropics. The evolutionary history of cyclocephaline genera is poorly resolved and several genera are thought to be nonmonophyletic. We assess the monophyly of Mimeoma Casey, a group of Neotropical palm‐feeding scarabs, and its relationship to Cyclocephala with a phylogenetic analysis of 2899 bp of DNA sequence data and 18 morphological characters. All five species of Mimeoma were included in analyses along with species of Cyclocephala Dejean, Dyscinetus Harold and Tomarus Erichson as outgroup taxa. Nearly complete 28S, 12S and CO1 data were collected from 26 of 29 specimens, of which 16 samples were pinned, museum specimens. 28S data strongly support a nonmonophyletic Mimeoma; mitochondrial data (CO1 and 12S) suggest that Mimeoma species are nested within an apical clade of other Cyclocephala species; combined molecular and morphological data identify two strongly supported clades of Mimeoma species but do not support their sister relationship. Combined data show that Mimeoma species are nested within Cyclocephala, thus rendering Cyclocephala paraphyletic. Mimeoma is synonymized within Cyclocephala resulting in the following new combinations: Cyclocephala acuta Arrow n.comb ., Cyclocephala englemani (Ratcliffe) n.comb ., Cyclocephala maculata Burmeister n.comb ., Cyclocephala nigra (Endrödi) n.comb . and Cyclocephala signatoides Höhne n.comb . Our results demonstrate that pinned, museum specimens can be used to obtain DNA sequence data (particularly high‐copy gene regions) for evolutionary studies, and provide the first empirical support that host‐plant associations within cyclocephaline scarab clades are conserved at the plant family‐level.     

Revision of the genus Helastia sensu stricto with description of a new genus (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)

Abstract

Helastia Guenée, 1868 is redefined and redescribed. New Zealand species previously placed in that genus but not congeneric with the type species are reassigned to either the available genera Epyaxa Meyrick, 1883, Asaphodes Meyrick, 1885 and Xanthorhoe Hübner, [1825] or placed in a newly described genus, Gingidiobora. Six Australian species placed in Xanthorhoe are shown to be congeneric with three New Zealand species, previously placed in Helastia and here transferred to Epyaxa.

Eight new species are described in Helastia: Helastia alba n. sp.; H. angusta n. sp.; H. christinae n. sp.; H. cryptica n. sp.; H. mutabilis n. sp.; H. ohauensis n. sp.; H. salmoni n. sp.; H. scissa n. sp. The following new combinations and synonymies are proposed: Asaphodes chlorocapna (Meyrick, 1925) n. comb.; A. citroena (Clark, 1934) n. comb.; A. glaciata (Hudson, 1925) n. comb.; A. ida (Clark, 1926) n. comb; Epyaxa agelasta (Turner, 1904) n. comb.; E. centroneura (Meyrick, 1890) n. comb.;

E. epia (Turner, 1922) n. comb.; E. hyperythra (Lower, 1892) n. comb.; E. lucidata (Walker, 1862) n. comb.; E. sodaliata (Walker, 1862) n. comb.; E. subidaria (Guenée, 1857) n. comb.; E. venipunctata (Walker, 1863) n. comb.; Gingidiobora nebulosa (Philpott, 1917) n. comb.; G. subobscurata (Walker, 1862) n. comb.; Helastia clandestina (Philpott, 1921) n. comb.; H. corcularia (Guenée, 1868) n. comb. (= Larentia infantaria Guenée, 1868 n. syn.); H. expolita (Philpott, 1917) n. comb.; H. siris (Hawthorne, 1897) n. comb.; H. triphragma (Meyrick, 1883) n. comb.     

Neoaplectana Steiner, 1929 a junior synonym of Steinernema Travassos, 1927 (Nematoda; Rhabditida)

Summary A type specimen of Steinernema kraussei and a population of this nematode from the type host were compared with three species of Neoaplectana. No characters were found to separate the two genera and so Neoplectana Steiner, 1929 is considered to be a junior synonym of Steinernema Travassos, 1927. Valid species now included within the genus Steinernema are: S. kraussei (Steiner, 1923) Travassos, 1927 (type species); S. glaseri (Steiner, 1929) n.comb.; S. feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) n.comb. and S. bibionis (Bovien, 1937) n.comb. A key is given to these four species and their junior synonyms are listed.     

Evolution,systematics, and natural history of a new genus of cryptobiotic fungus‐growing ants

Xerolitor , a new, monotypic genus of fungus‐growing ants, is described to accommodate the phylogenetically isolated, relict species Mycetosoritis explicatus Kempf. We also diagnose the male and the larva of Xerolitor explicatus (Kempf) comb.n. and report ecological observations for the species, including nest architecture and foraging behaviour. Xerolitor explicatus comb.n. inhabits the dry habitats of the Brazilian Cerrado and the Bolivian and Paraguayan Gran Chaco. Bayesian multilocus phylogenetic analyses indicate that X. explicatus comb.n. is, contrary to some prior hypotheses, a member of the ‘higher’ fungus‐growing ants and the sister taxon of the genus Sericomyrmex Mayr. Results from phylogenetic analyses of the fungal cultivar grown by X. explicatus comb.n. in Paraguay, as well as the presence of gongylidia, indicate that the fungal mutualist is a member of the clade of higher fungal cultivar species and that it is probably the same species cultivated by some Trachymyrmex Forel and Sericomyrmex species.     

Molecular data reveal convergent reproductive strategies in iceryine scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Monophlebidae), allowing the re-interpretation of morphology and a revised generic classification

Abstract The scale insect tribe Iceryini (Coccoidea: Monophlebidae) is a group of relatively large and polyphagous insects found worldwide. Currently, the tribe contains about 80 named species placed in seven genera, which are diagnosed largely on features associated with egg protection. We reconstruct the phylogeny of the Iceryini on the basis of nucleotide sequence data from nuclear ribosomal (18S and D2, D3 and D10 regions of 28S) and protein‐coding (histone H3) gene regions of 40 iceryine species representing six of the seven genera and seven outgroup taxa, mostly from two other tribes of Monophlebidae. Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses recover a monophyletic tribe and clades that correspond more to geography than to the existing morphology‐based classification. Gueriniella Fernald is sister to the rest of the Iceryini and the genera Crypticerya Cockerell, Icerya Signoret and Steatococcus Ferris are not monophyletic. Our data imply that the distinctive iceryine reproductive strategies, such as protecting eggs in a waxy ovisac or inside a marsupium, are poor indicators of relationships. On the basis of molecular relationships and the re‐examination of morphological characters, we recognize only five genera of Iceryini –Crypticerya, Echinicerya Morrison, Gigantococcus Pesson & Bielenin, Gueriniella and Icerya – and substantially revise the generic concepts of Crypticerya, Gigantococcus and Icerya. We provide a key to the genera based on adult females. We redescribe and illustrate the adult female and first‐instar nymph of the type species Crypticerya rosae (Riley & Howard), Echinicerya anomala Morrison, Gigantococcus maximus (Newstead) (adult female only), Gueriniella serratulae (Fabricius) and Icerya seychellarum (Westwood). We recognize Auloicerya Morrison as a junior synonym ( syn.n. ) of Icerya, and transfer the two Auloicerya species to Icerya as I. acaciae (Morrison & Morrison) comb.n. and I. australis Maskell comb.rev. We recognize Steatococcus and Proticerya Cockerell as junior synonyms ( syn.n. ) of Crypticerya. From Steatococcus, we transfer five species to Crypticerya [C. mexicana Cockerell & Parrott comb.rev. , C. morrilli (Cockerell) comb.n. , C. tabernicola (Ferris) comb.n. , C. townsendi Cockerell comb.rev. , C. tuberculata (Morrison) comb.n. ], four species to Gigantococcus [Gi. euphorbiae (Brain) comb.n. , Gi. gowdeyi (Newstead) comb.n. , Gi. madagascariensis (Mamet) comb.n. , Gi. theobromae (Newstead) comb.n. ] and three species to Icerya [I. assamensis (Rao) comb.n. , I nudata Maskell comb.rev. , I. samaraia (Morrison) comb.n. ]. From Icerya, we transfer 14 species to Crypticerya [C. brasiliensis (Hempel) comb.n. , C. colimensis (Cockerell) comb.n. , C. flava (Hempel) comb.n. , C. flocculosa (Hempel) comb.n. , C. genistae (Hempel) comb.n. , C. littoralis (Cockerell) comb.n. , C. luederwaldti (Hempel) comb.n. , C. minima (Morrison) comb.n. , C. montserratensis (Riley & Howard) comb.n. , C. palmeri (Riley & Howard) comb.n. , C. rileyi (Cockerell) comb.n. , C. similis (Morrison) comb.n. , C. subandina (Leonardi) comb.n. , C. zeteki (Cockerell) comb.n. ] and nine species to Gigantococcus [Gi. alboluteus (Cockerell) comb.n. , Gi. bimaculatus (De Lotto) comb.n. , Gi. brachystegiae (Hall) comb.n. , Gi. longisetosus (Newstead) comb.n. , Gi. nigroareolatus (Newstead) comb.n. , Gi. pattersoni (Newstead) comb.n. , Gi. schoutedeni (Vayssière) comb.n. , Gi. splendidus (Lindinger) comb.n. , Gi. sulfureus (Lindinger) comb.n. ]. From Crypticerya, we transfer seven species to Icerya [I. clauseni (Rao) comb.n. , I. jacobsoni Green comb.rev. , I. jaihind (Rao) comb.n. , I. kumari (Rao) comb.n. , I. mangiferae (Tang & Hao) comb.n. , I. natalensis (Douglas) comb.rev. , I. nuda Green comb.rev. ] and five species to Gigantococcus [Gi. bicolor (Newstead) comb.n. , Gi. cajani (Newstead) comb.n. , Gi. caudatus (Newstead) comb.n. , Gi. ewarti (Newstead) comb.n. , Gi. rodriguesi (Castel‐Branco) comb.n. ]. Both I. hyperici (Froggatt) and Palaeococcus dymocki (Froggatt) are syn.n. of I. nudata (all previously placed in Steatococcus). We recognize I. maynei Vayssière as a syn.n. of Gi. nigroareolatus, I. tremae Vayssière as a syn.n. of Gi. schoutedeni and I. townsendi plucheae Cockerell as a syn.n. of C. townsendi. We revalidate the species name I. crocea Green stat.reval. In addition, we transfer I. taunayi Hempel to Laurencella Foldi (Monophlebidae: Llaveiini) as L. taunayi (Hempel) comb.n. Four species, Coccus hirticornis Boyer de Fonscolombe, I. chilensis Hempel, I. insulans Hempel and I. paulista Hempel, are considered incertae sedis. We designate lectotypes for C. rosae, E. anomala and I. candida (a junior synonym of I. seychellarum). Following this revision, we recognize 74 species of Iceryini, distributed as follows: 22 in Crypticerya, one in Echinicerya, 19 in Gigantococcus, two in Gueriniella and 30 in Icerya.     

Free-living heterotrophic euglenids from freshwater sites in mainland Australia

This paper presents new data on free-living heterotrophic euglenids (Euglenozoa, Protista) that were found at several freshwater sites in New South Wales, Northern Territory, and Queensland, Australia. Thirty-six species are described with uninterpreted records based on light-microscopy. The records include accounts of two new taxa: Heteronema pterbicanov. spec., Sphenomonas alburiae nov. spec., and of six new combinations: Dinema dimorphum (Skuja, 1932) nov. comb., Notosolenus mediocanellatus(Stein, 1878) nov. comb., Notosolenus steini (Klebs, 1893) nov. comb., Ploeotia obliqua(Klebs, 1893) nov. comb., Ploeotia plana(Christen, 1959) nov. comb., and Rhabdomonas mirabilis (Playfair, 1921) nov. comb. We also introduce the following: Astasia skvortzovi nom. nov., Heteronema hexagonum var. elegans (Playfair, 1921) nov. comb., Petalomonas compressa (Schewiakoff, 1893) nov. comb., and Jenningsia deflexumvar dextrum (Shi, 1975) nov. comb. All records of heterotrophic euglenids in Australia are reviewed. The majority of species reported here have also been found at other locations worldwide, and we find little or no evidence that there is endemism in this group.     

Notes on the genus Agnetina (= Phasganophora) (Plecoptera: Perlidae)

Genus Agnetina Klapálek, 1907 is removed from synonymy with Dinocras Klapálek, 1907 and synonymy between Agnetina and Phasganophora Klapálek, 1914 is established. A list of presently recognised nominal species of Agnetina is provided. For all west palaearctic species, i.e., A. elegantula (Klapálek), A. senilis Klapálek, A. werneri (Kempny), comb, n., lectotypes are designated. Distinctive characters of these three species are described, external male genitalia and eggs are illustrated. Asian A. brevipennis (Navás), comb, n., is briefly compared. A. dubia nom. n. is proposed to replace A. brevipennis Klapálek, 1921 (not Navás, 1912), a doubtful Asian species. A. pedata (Koponen, 1949) and A. undaata (Klapálek, 1921) are considered possible synonyms of A. senilis. which is for the first time recorded from Central Asia (Baikal area).     

Taxonomic revision of three diatoms found in Lake Malawi: Afrocymbella brunii (Fricke) comb. nov., Afrocymbella rossii (Kociolek & Stoermer) comb. nov., and Aulacoseira euareolata (O.Müller) comb. nov. et nom. nov

Based on epilithic diatom samples collected from the rocky littoral zone of Lake Malawi (102 diatom taxa belonging to 34 genera were listed in the Supporting Information) we proposed the transfer of three taxa to new genera. Afrocymbella brunii (Fricke) comb. nov. was transferred from Gomphonema because of its dorsiventral valve and its transapically elongated dorsal stigma. Afrocymbella rossii (Kociolek & Stoermer) comb. nov. was also transferred from Gomphocymbella, which is actually a synonym of Gomphonema. Aulacoseira euareolata (O.Müller) comb. nov. et nom. nov. was transferred from Melosira because of the presence of linking spines and mantle areolae, and its specific epithet was replaced because of homonymy with Aulacoseira areolata Moisseeva.     

Morphometric analysis and taxonomic revision of Anisopteromalus Ruschka (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae) – an integrative approach

We use an integrative taxonomic approach to revise the genus Anisopteromalus. In particular, we apply multivariate ratio analysis (MRA), a rather new statistical method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), to numerous body measurements and combine the data with those from our molecular analysis of Cytb and ITS2 genetic markers (on a subset of species) and all available published data on morphology, karyology, behaviour, host associations and geographic distribution. We demonstrate that the analysis of quantitative characters using MRA plays a major role for the integration of name‐bearing types and thus for the association of taxa with names. Six species are recognized, of which two are new: A. cornis Baur sp.n. and A. quinarius Gokhman & Baur sp.n. For Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard), a well‐known, cosmopolitan parasitoid of stored‐product pests, we have selected a neotype to foster continuity and stability in the application of this important name. The species was sometimes confused with the related A. quinarius sp.n. , another cosmopolitan species that is frequently encountered in similar environments. We also show that several species originally described or later put under Anisopteromalus actually belong to different genera: Cyrtoptyx camerunus (Risbec) comb.n. ; Meraporus glaber (Szelényi) comb.n. ; Dinarmus schwenkei (Roomi, Khan & Khan) comb.n. Neocatolaccus indicus Ayyar & Mani is confirmed as a junior synonym of Oxysychus sphenopterae (Ferrière) syn.n. and Anisopteromalus calandrae brasiliensis (Domenichini) stat.rev. must be considered as a valid but doubtful taxon. This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BDFE96D3‐D0F4‐4012‐90F5‐9A087F7F5864 .