罗伊乳杆菌LE16益生特性的研究

目的研究罗伊乳杆菌LE16的益生特性。方法通过体外和动物实验,评价罗伊乳杆菌LE16的益生特性。结果该菌株对p H 2.5的强酸和0.3%高胆盐环境均有良好的耐受性。对引起肠道感染的几种病原菌均有不同程度的拮抗,尤其对枯草芽胞杆菌、伤寒沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌及蜡样芽胞杆菌的抑制作用最强。对肠道菌群正常和失调的小鼠均具有调节功能。结论罗伊乳杆菌LE16具有良好的益生性能,可作为益生菌菌株开发应用于食品和保健食品中。     

凝结芽胞杆菌TBC 169株对肠道致病菌的抑菌作用

目的 研究凝结芽胞杆菌TBC 169株对大肠埃希菌、痢疾志贺菌、伤寒沙门菌、普通变形杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用。方法 先将大肠埃希菌、痢疾杆菌等6种菌分别进行单独培养,测定不同培养时间内的pH和活菌数,然后将凝结芽胞杆菌TBC 169株分别和致病菌进行混合培养,再测pH和活菌数,并与单独培养时的测定情况进行比较。结果 凝结芽胞杆菌TBC 169株对大肠埃希菌、痢疾志贺菌、伤寒沙门菌等6种菌均有明显的抑制作用,尤其是对伤寒沙门菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑制作用更强。结论 凝结芽胞杆菌TBC 169株对肠道致病菌有显著的抑制作用。     

三种益生菌对种鸡肠内环境及生产性能的影响

本文考察了蜡样芽胞杆菌、乳杆菌和丁酸芽胞杆菌三种益生菌对种鸡肠内菌群、粪便ｐＨ值、氨含量、硫化物含量、水份等肠内环境指标和生产性能指标的影响,结果表明三种益生菌都能够改善种鸡肠内环境,减少腐败菌和腐败物质的含量,其中蜡样芽胞杆菌和丁酸芽胞杆菌的混合制剂对种鸡生产性能亦有明显的提高作用。     

蜡样芽胞杆菌在双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗小鼠腹泻中的作用研究

目的研究双歧杆菌四联活菌片中的蜡样芽胞杆菌对小鼠腹泻治疗作用的影响。方法将SPF小鼠采用抗生素联合伤寒沙门菌和志贺菌诱导建立腹泻模型,取112只造模成功后的小鼠随机分为7组,其中三组分别喂养3种不同剂量的四联活菌片,三组分别喂养3种不同剂量的不含蜡样芽胞杆菌的三联活菌片,余下一组为对照组灌胃生理盐水。比较各组小鼠腹泻的治愈时间,测定粪便菌群、结肠组织耗氧能力及氧化还原电势、肠内sIgA含量及脾脏指数变化。结果相同剂量条件下,含蜡样芽胞杆菌的四联活菌片治愈腹泻时间比三联活菌片缩短48~72h。治疗48h后,四联活菌片组肠内sIgA水平明显增加,与三联活菌片组相比差异有统计学意义(t=5.5783,P=0.0002);治疗结束后,四联活菌片组的脾脏指数也显著高于三联活菌片组(t=18.8648,P=0.0001)。结论含蜡样芽胞杆菌的四联活菌片对小鼠腹泻的治疗及肠道菌群的恢复作用比三联活菌片效果更佳,能显著促进腹泻小鼠肠黏膜局部免疫力的提高。     

普洱茶中微生物的筛选及其安全性初步评价

目的 在对普洱茶中微生物筛选和鉴定基础上对蜡样芽胞杆菌毒素基因的分布、普洱茶下调毒素基因的表达和改善肠上皮细胞的损伤进行研究。方法 分别采用无菌水和沸水泡制普洱茶,获得分离株,通过16S rDNA测序以及生理生化试验确定其归属;对所筛选的菌株进行耐模拟胃肠液能力评价和毒力基因的检测;采用细胞实验和荧光定量PCR技术,研究普洱茶对蜡样芽胞杆菌毒素的抑制作用。结果 无菌水浸泡普洱茶获得的45株菌中44株为芽胞杆菌属,沸水浸泡获得的7株菌均为蜡样芽胞杆菌（FBCE01、FBCE06、FBCE10、FBCE14、FBCE20、FBCE26和FBCE29）,多重PCR技术结果表明其分别含有毒力基因cytK、nheA和hblD的2种或3种。耐模拟胃肠液实验表明,7株菌均具有很强的耐模拟胃肠液消化能力;细胞实验结果发现,普洱茶汤能显著降低蜡样芽胞杆菌对Caco-2细胞的粘附（P<0.05）;MTT实验结果显示,普洱茶能有效降低蜡样芽胞杆菌对细胞的损伤;荧光定量PCR技术结果进一步说明,普洱茶使蜡样芽胞杆菌肠毒素的mRNA表达水平下调。结论 普洱茶具有抑制蜡样芽胞杆菌毒素的作用。     

芽胞杆菌抗菌活性和纤维素酶活性的测定

目的筛选鸡用益生菌。方法通过牛津杯法、混菌法和DNS分光光度法对从鸡肠道分离的10株芽胞杆菌进行抑菌效果及纤维素酶活性测定。结果编号为Y1、Y5、Y7的3株芽胞杆菌对测试菌具有较好抑菌效果,编号为Y2、Y4、Y5的3株芽胞杆菌具有较高的产酶活性。结论从分离的10株芽胞杆菌中筛选出1株（编号为Y5）兼具较好抑菌效果和较高产酶活性的地衣芽胞杆菌,具有作为饲用益生菌开发的潜能。     

需氧芽孢杆菌属在医学和兽医学上的重要性

<正> 在绝大部份最近的医学微生物学教科书中,需氧芽胞杆菌章节可能集中在炭疽芽胞杆菌,并谈及众所周知的食物中毒菌——蜡样芽胞杆菌的一些资料。最近个别课本可能指出,蜡样芽胞杆菌是条件致病菌,但更常见的是蜡样和其它需氧芽胞杆菌常被作为污染来菌予以排除。诚然,它们作为污染杂菌都是重要的。如果从另一方面提到,在大自然界、医院及家庭的外环境中,处处都有这些菌大量存在,并产生有抵抗力的菌内芽胞,这些事实将使人吃惊。事实上,一项研究已经显示需氧芽胞杆菌属各个种是注射海洛因和注射器械上最常见的杂菌,也     

PCR法快速鉴定眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌

目的建立一种快速、灵敏、特异的眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌PCR检测方法,为蜡样芽胞杆菌性眼内炎患者的快速诊断提供依据。方法选择编码蜡样芽胞杆菌细胞毒素的cytK为靶基因设计引物,建立检测眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌PCR;PCR产物用琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定,基因序列与GenBank比对验证扩增产物;将计数过的5株蜡样芽胞杆菌菌悬液,梯度稀释后分别提取DNA进行PCR扩增,确定检测方法的灵敏度;分别用眼部常见感染菌金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、化脓性链球菌、藤黄微球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、普通变形杆菌和白假丝酵母菌以及枯草芽胞杆菌DNA进行特异性试验;进一步将该方法应用到人工污染致病蜡样芽胞杆菌的房水标本中,并分析其灵敏度。结果5株分离自眼内炎患者标本中的蜡样芽胞杆菌均扩增出360bp左右的DNA片段,测序结果与GenBank比对一致;该法检测在5h内完成,方法灵敏度达7．5～15．0CFU／mL;其他菌株检测未出现非特异性扩增;对模拟感染房水标本的PCR鉴定结果与分离培养对比,二者符合率为100％,模拟标本的检测灵敏度与纯菌结果一致。结论cytK基因为靶基因的PCR用于眼源性蜡样芽胞杆菌的快速检测,具有简便、快速、敏感、特异等特点,为眼内炎患者的快速诊断提供依据,在实际检验工作中有良好的应用前景。     

2016年辽宁省婴幼儿配方食品及谷类辅助食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌毒力基因的鉴定

目的 了解婴幼儿配方食品和谷类辅助食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌的毒力基因携带特点,对辽宁省婴幼儿配方食品和谷类辅助食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌的污染状况进行调查。方法 依据GB4789.14‒2014《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 蜡样芽胞杆菌检验》及采用PCR扩增技术和血平板检测的方法对2016年采自辽宁省15个监测点,收集的176份乳源性食品中检出的22株蜡样芽胞杆菌进行10种毒力基因检测。结果 婴幼儿配方食品和谷类辅助食品蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率为12.5%（22/176）,非溶血性的肠毒素Nhe基因、溶血素BL基因、肠毒素T基因和细胞毒素K基因是辽宁省乳源性蜡样芽胞杆菌的主要毒力基因,至少携带2种毒力基因的菌株达到检出菌总数的100.0%。结论 研究结果证实辽宁省婴幼儿配方食品及谷类辅助食品存在蜡样芽胞杆菌污染情况,严格监控婴幼儿配方食品及谷类辅助食品的蜡样芽胞杆菌污染,对于生产出优质婴幼儿配方食品及谷类辅助食品具有重要意义,以期提高婴幼儿食品的质量安全。     

大豆小肽促进益生菌增殖作用的研究

本实验复合蛋白酶酶解处理豆粕制备大豆小肽,酶解产物经SephadexG-25凝胶过滤层析,并对其各组分分子量分布及其促进益生菌发酵作用进行了研究,结果显示,大豆蛋白酶解物经SephadexG-25分离后得到了六个肽片段,分子量大部分在1 000 D以下,体外单细菌培养方法测定了大豆小肽对动物肠道常见益生菌的4个菌株（包括粪链球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、酵母菌）增殖的影响,结果表明SBP（Soybeanpeptides）能促进这4株细菌的增殖。添加大豆小肽后益生菌Q68与致病菌混合培养实验中,40 h内可以彻底清除金黄色葡萄球菌,48 h内可以完全消灭大肠埃希菌,大豆肽可以促进有益菌的增殖,抑制有害菌的生长。     

Probiotics and small bowel mucosa: Molecular aspects of their interactions

Probiotics are described as "friendly bacteria" that could improve the intestine defense by interacting with the resident microflora. There is a large body of evidence suggesting that consumption of functional food containing probiotics exerts positive effects on human health. Several clinical trials have highlighted the efficiency of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of different gastrointestinal disorders including the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhea, the remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, beneficial effects against Helicobacter pylori infection, positive effects in patients affected by allergies and atopic diseases. The clinical benefits of probiotics use are mainly attributed to their antimicrobial substances production and their positive interactions with the enterocytes to reinforce the intestinal epithelial barrier. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that probiotics stimulate both specific and non-specific host immune responses. Recently, have been published some experiments performed with the DNA microarray technology which provided a global gene screening of the complex bacteria-host interplay. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which probiotics enhance the intestinal host defense are still not completely elucidated. Here, we review the experiments and clinical studies to date on the complex mechanisms regulating the communication between probiotics and their hosts.     

2014-2018年辽宁省手足口病病原构成及其他肠道病毒基因进化特征

目的 了解辽宁省2014-2018年手足口病病原构成以及其他(非EV71和非CA16的肠道病毒)肠道病毒基因进化特征。 方法 采用2014-2018年辽宁省14个市送检的手足口病确诊病例的阳性标本,通过细胞培养法分离肠道病毒,提取病毒RNA,采用RT PCR法对肠道病毒VP1区基因进行扩增和序列测定。利用BLAST对测序结果比对后确定病毒基因型别,并构建系统进化树。 结果 手足口病阳性标本病原构成以其他肠道病毒为主,构成比为51.96%,在重症病例中阳性标本构成比是59.29%。优势流行病原在2014和2016年以CA16为主,其他年份以其他肠道病毒为主。CA10、CA6和CA4肠道病毒的分离株与相应的原型株的亲缘关系较远,与国内的分离株的亲缘关系较近。 结论 EV71和CA16感染的构成比总体呈下降趋势,其他肠道病毒的构成比缓慢上升,是本地手足口病的优势病原,要加强对其他肠道病毒的检测和分型工作,有效预防和控制手足口病。     

微生态制剂影响致腹泻肠道病毒感染机制进展

肠道是一个复杂的生态系统,也是多种寄生微生物与动物宿主之间相互共生的地点。寄生菌/共生菌对维持肠道的生态系统平衡具有重要作用。但外来病原性微生物如病毒等可打破生态平衡。而微生态制剂如益生菌可缩短病毒性腹泻的病程。本文介绍了肠道上皮生态系统以及病毒致腹泻机制,并对益生菌干涉致腹泻的主要病毒机制进行了综述。     

益生菌的治疗现状与前景以及 对呼吸道有益菌探索的研究进展

益生菌是调节机体微生态失衡的有效途径。肝功能异常影响肠道微生物,慢性肝衰竭、2型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化相关心血管疾病等与肠道微生态失衡密切相关。同时肠道菌群亦受环境、遗传等复合条件影响,改变菌群组成可能导致疾病的发生发展。提倡益生菌对疾病的预防、治疗、预后,改善机体微环境,提高生命质量。近年来,益生菌、益生元、合生元三方面的研究飞速发展,对肠道益生菌研发已经取得一定成果。呼吸道作为与外界相通的腔道其优势菌群已经有相关报道,但对呼吸道益生菌的探索尚不明确,呼吸道内的优势菌是否可以制成益生菌制剂尚有待研究。     

Cervicovaginal microbiome dynamics after taking oral probiotics

The vaginal microbiota is less complex than the gut microbiota, and the colonization of Lactobacillus in the female vagina is considered to be critical for reproductive health. Oral probiotics have been suggested as promising means to modulate vaginal homeostasis in the general population. In this study, 60 Chinese women were followed for over a year before, during, and after treatment with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14. Shotgun metagenomic data of 1334 samples from multiple body sites did not support a colonization route of the probiotics from the oral cavity to the intestinal tract and then to the vagina. Our analyses enable the classification of the cervicovaginal microbiome into a stable state and a state of dysbiosis. The microbiome in the stable group steadily maintained a relatively high abundance of Lactobacilli over one year, which was not affected by probiotic intake, whereas in the dysbiosis group, the microbiota was more diverse and changed markedly over time. Data from a subset of the dysbiosis group suggests this subgroup possibly benefited from supplementation with the probiotics,indicating that probiotics supplementation can be prescribed for women in a subclinical microbiome setting of dysbiosis, providing opportunities for targeted and personalized microbiome reconstitution.     

Cap-binding complex protein p220 is not cleaved during echovirus 22 replication in HeLa cells.

Previously we demonstrated that echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus which does not shut off host cell protein synthesis. We extend these findings by showing that echovirus 22 does not cleave p220, part of the cellular cap-binding complex necessary for cap-dependent translation, suggesting a biology more consistent with cardioviruses than enteroviruses.     

Prevalence of enteroviruses in hot spring recreation areas of Taiwan

Enteroviruses can be introduced into the water environment as a result of human activity. Contaminations within hot tubs, spas and public baths are also possible. We investigated the distribution of enteroviruses at six hot spring recreation areas throughout Taiwan. Spring water was collected from 34 sites and enteroviruses were detected in 13 (38.2%). The most frequently detected was coxsackievirus A2, followed by echovirus 11. Enterovirus 71 (EV 71) and porcine enterovirus 9 were detected once. Water quality indicators were not statistically associated with the occurrence of enteroviruses, although the enterovirus-positive samples were positive for a greater number of microbiological indicators and showed a link to pH and water temperature. The results confirm the ubiquity of enteroviruses in Taiwan spring recreation areas. Coxsackievirus A2, echovirus 11 and EV 71, the enteroviruses responsible for disease outbreaks identified at these sites, should be considered a potential public health threat in spring recreation areas of Taiwan.     

Hand Foot and Mouth Disease Due to Enterovirus 71 in Malaysia

Hand foot and mouth disease is a febrile sickness complex characterized by cutaneous eruption (exanthem) on the palms and soles with simultaneous occurrence of muco-cutanous vesiculo-ulcerative lesions (enanthem) affecting the mouth. The illness is caused by a number of enteroviruses with coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 as the main causative agents. Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) belongs to the species Human enterovirus A under the genus Enterovirus within the family Picornaviridae. EV71 has been associa...     

Studies on the Classification of Bovine Enteroviruses

Bovine enteroviruses isolated from cattle and other ruminants in various areas of the world were classified into three distinct serotypes by cross-neutralization tests using criteria established for the differentiation of human enteroviruses. According to Western blot analysis, however, immunodominant structural polypeptides VP1 of the viruses tested have common epitopes, recognized by antisera to each of the three serotypes. These findings indicate that non-neutralizing epitopes on VP1 are generally conserved. It is, therefore, conjectured that bovine enteroviruses were derived from a common ancestor.